phosphorescent 
The additions lined by us us the third constituent are 
colourless salts, and nil of them fusible :it ihr irmjM-nititrr 
at which the pMMnftOTMMIIfl an- prepared. 
Philimrphicat Man., 'M' cr., XX Mil. 428. 
phosphorated, phosphoretted (fos'fo-n-t-ed), 
a. Siime us i>hui<iiliiiri inl. 
phosphoric (fos-for'ik), . [= !'. pho. 
= S[>. J'osJ'orico = I'g. phox/ilinrii-0 = It. /V 
r; as pho*/ilior + -IP.] Pertaining to, obtain 
c'il from, or resembling plii>s|ilinnis; phospho- 
rescent. 
How tin- lit lake shines, n ptwgptioric sea, 
And the big rain comes dancing to the earth ! 
Byron, fhlldo Harold, 111. 83. 
The unseen figure . . . had caused to bo thrown open 
the graves ,,[ all mankind ; and from each issued the faint 
phtwpturric reliance of decay. Poe, Tales, L 334. 
Glacial phosphoric acid. Sec ijlnrinl.- Phosphoric 
acid, Plia'U (sometimes called ortfamJtofJRtoftt acid in 
contradistinction to truttaphtntphorie and\ an acid usually 
obtained by decomposing bone ah, which consists chietly 
of calcium phosphate, with sulphuric acid, and separat- 
ing from foreign matters the phosphoric acid thus liber- 
ated. It is also produced by the oxidation of phosphorous 
acid, by oxidizing red phosphorus with nitric arid, by the 
decomposition of apatite ami other native phosphates, and 
in various other ways. It is a colorless odorless syrup, 
with an intensely sour taste. It is trihasic, forming three 
distinct classes of metallic salts. The three atoms of hy- 
drogen may in like manner be replaced by alcohol radi- 
cals, forming acid and neutral ethers. Phosphoric acid is 
used in medicine as a tonic. 
phosphorical (fos-for'i-kal), a. [< pkotpltorte 
+ -<il.] Phosphoric. 
phosphoridrosis (fos*for-i-dro'sis), . [NL., < 
/iliosphorun (see Phosphor) + GT. "tdpua/c, sweat: 
see HUbrotit.] Luminous sweat, sometimes seen 
in the last stages of phthisis. Luneet. 
Phosphorist (fos'fo-rist), . [< " Phosphoros," 
a Swedish periodical which was the organ of 
this movement.] In Swedish literary hist., one 
of a class of poets and writers of romantic and 
idealistic tendencies who flourished about the 
beginning of the nineteenth century. 
Among the Phosphonxt*, Atterbom was the man of most 
genius. EMIJC. Brit., XXII. 757. 
phosphorite (fos'fo-rit), . [= F. phosphorite = 
>Sp. ttmforita = Pg.phosphorita; as phosphor + 
-ite%.] A. name applied originally to a massive 
variety of apatite, but now used to embrace the 
more or less impure earthy to compact calcium 
phosphate which forms beds of considerable 
magnitude in some localities (Estremadura in 
Spain, Bohemia, etc.), and is of much economic 
importance. 
phosphorize (fos'fo-riz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. 
pliii.iphori^efl, ppr. 'phosphorizing. [= P. phos- 
phor iser = Pg. phosphorisar; as phoxphor + 
-i:c.] To combine or impregnate witn phos- 
S'lorus. 
osphorogenic (fos"fo-ro-jen'ik), a, [< NL. 
phosphorus, phosphorus, + Gr. -}tw/f, produ- 
cing: see -gen.] Producing phosphorescence: 
specifically noting those rays of the spectrum 
which possess the property of continuing the 
phosphorescence of certain substances previ- 
ously excited by exposure to light. 
Glass is only less perfectly permeable than rock-crystal 
to the phoephoroyenic rays that accompany the luminous 
ones. Miller, Elem. of Chem., 8 112. 
phosphorograph (fos-for'o-graf), . [< NL. 
phosphorus, phosphorus, T Gr. ypatyttv, write.] 
A representation, as of the solar spectrum, ob- 
tained by phosphorescence, as by projecting it 
upon a phosphorescent substance like luminous 
paint: in this way an impression of the invis- 
ible infra-red part of the spectrum is obtained. 
J. W. Draper has obtained what he calls a phospharo- 
graph of the solar spectrum, and has compared it with a 
photograph of the same spectrum. 
Quoted In Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 3<38. 
phosphorographic (fos'fo-ro-graf'ik), . [< 
phos-phoroiirnph + -ic.] Of or pertaining to 
phosphorography. 
Phosphorograpltic studies for the photographic repro- 
duction of the stara. Nature, XXXIII. 431. 
phosphorography (fos-fo-rog'ra-fi), . [< NL. 
phosphorus, phosphorus, + Gr. ypaQciv, write.] 
The art, method, etc., of making phosphoro- 
graphs. 
M. Ch. V. Zenger brought before the Academy of Sciences 
on August :<0tha paper entitled " /VuwpAoroyrnp/iy applied 
to the I'hotography of the Invisible." 
Atheiueum, No. 3073, p. 375. 
phosphoroscope (fos'fo-ro-skop), . [= F. 
pkotpkoroteope, < ffL^fkoipkomt, phosphorus, 
+ Ur. nm-ni', behold.] 1. An instrument for 
measuring the duration of evanescent phospho- 
rescence ill different substances. It consists of a 
hollow disk within which is placed the object to be tested. 
Tin- .lisk is ccarcd "''"' ""'" >P'yim,'- heels so that it can 
be rotatril a( any <l<jsired speed, and is so perforated on op- 
280 
4-1. 
polite sides that the substance placed within It is alter- 
nately exposed to a light placed behind the disk and to 
I 111' r\ -, 
M. K. Becquorel has shown expn imentally by his beau- 
tiful photphorotcope the tlniteness of duration of the . mis- 
sion ol lichf in the rase of solids ill which it was so brief 
that Its emission was described as "fluorescence." 
, Light, p. 150. 
2. A philosophical toy consisting of glass 
tubes containing different phosphorescent sub- 
stances and arranged in a BOX. When exposed to 
sunlight or strong artificial light, and afterward put in a 
dark place, the tubes glow with lights of ilin.n nt colors. 
Alumina, . . . glowing with a rich red colour in the 
phnnphornteope. Gordon, Elect, and Mag., II. 110. 
phosphorous (fos'fo-rus), a. [= F. phoxpho- 
= Sp. It.fosforoso = Pg. phosphoroso ; as 
or + -otis.] Pertaining to, obtained 
from, or containing phosphorus.- Phosphorous 
acid, H;tl'O :1 , an acid produced by the action of water on 
phosphorous anhydrid, by exposing sticks of phosphorus 
to moist air, and in several other ways. Phosphorous acid 
exists usually In the form of a thick uncrystallizable syrup, 
but it may also be obtained crystallized. This acid is di- 
basic, forming two series of metallic salts, named respec- 
tively neutral and acid phunphilt*. Phosphorous anhy- 
drid, 1*303, a soft, white, readily volatile |>owder prepared 
by burning phosphorus in a limited supply of air. 
phosphoruria (fos-fo-ro'ri-a), . [NL., < nhos- 
/iliorus, phosphorus, + Or. ovpov, urine.] 1. 
Phosphaturia. 2. Photuria. 
phosphorus (fos'fo-rus), . [L. (in def . 2 NL. ), < 
Gr.vuoip6fiof, Lucifer: see Phosphor.] 1. [cap.] 
The morning star; Phosphor. 
John Baptist was that Photphorui or morning star, to 
signify the sun's approaching. 
Rev. T. Adanu, Works, III. 224. 
2. Chemical symbol, P; atomic weight, 31; 
specific gravity, 1.826. A solid non-metal- 
lic combustible substance, hitherto undecom- 
posed, not found by itself in nature, but occur- 
ring chiefly in combination with oxygen, cal- 
cium, and magnesium. It Is widely distributed, be- 
ing an essential constituent of all plants and of the bony 
tissue of animals. It was originally obtained from urine ; 
but it is now manufactured from bones, which consist in 
large part of calcium phosphate. Common phosphorus, 
when pure, is semi-transparent and colorless. At common 
temperatures it is a soft solid, easily cut with a knife, the 
cut surface having a waxy luster ; at 108" F. it fuses, and 
at 550' Is converted into vapor. It is soluble, by the aid of 
heat, In naphtha in fixed and volatile oils, and in sulphur 
chlorid, carbon disulphid, and phosphorus snlphid. It is 
exceedingly inflammable. Exposed to the air at common 
temperatures, it undergoes slow combustion, emits a white 
vapor of a peculiar garlic odor, and appears luminous in 
the dark. A very slight degree of heat is sufficient to In- 
flame it In the open air. Gentle pressure between the fin- 
gers, friction, or a temperature not much above its point of 
fusion kindlea it readily. It burns rapidly even in the air, 
emitting a splendid white light, and causing intense heat. 
Its combustion is far more rapid in oxygen gas, and the 
light far more vivid. The product of the perfect combus- 
tion of phosphorus is phosphorous pentoxid (PzO*), a white 
solid which readily takes up water, passing into phosphoric 
acid (which see, under phosphoric). Phosphorus may be 
made to combine with most of the metals, forming com- 
pounds called phosphide*; when dissolved in fat oils it 
forms a solution which is luminous in the dark. It is chief- 
ly used in the preparation of lucifer matches, and In the 
preparation of phosphoric acid. It is used to some extent 
in medicine in nervous affections, but is virulently poison- 
ous except in very minute doses. Phosphorus presents a 
good example of allotropy, in that It can he exhibited In at 
least one other form, known as red or amorphous phospho- 
photochromy 
rut, presenting completely different properties from com- 
mon phosphorus. This variety is produced by keeping 
common phosphorus for a long time slightly below the 
boiling-point. It is a red, hard, brittle substance, not 
fusible, not poisonous, and not readily Inflammable, so 
that it may he handled with impunity. When heated to 
the boiling-point it changes back to common phosphorus. 
Bologna, Bolognian, or Bononian phosphorus, one 
of the most powerful of the solar phosphoric substances. 
It is prepared by heating barium sulphate intensely with 
powdered charcoal, and filling with it while hot glass tubes, 
which are at once sealed. AJtter exposure to sunlight, the 
mass phosphoresces in the dark with a bright orange-col- 
ored light. Phosphorus bottle, (a) A contrivance for 
obtaining instantaneous light. The light is produced by 
stirring a piece of phosphorus about in a dry bottle with 
a hot wire, and introducing a sulphur match. It is now su- 
perseded by lucifer matches and similar contrivances. (M 
A small bottle containing 12 grains of phosphorus melted 
in half an ounce of olive-oil. On being uncorked in the dark 
this solution emits light enough to illuminate the dial of 
a watch, and it will retain this property for several years 
If not too frequently used. Phosphorus paste, a poison- 
ous compound containing phosphorus, for the destruction 
of vermin, as rat*, mice, cockroaches, etc. 
phosphorus-box (fos'fo-ms-boks), . A box 
containing oxymuriate matches, which first su- 
perseded the tinder-box. 
N\ hen I was al>outl6 1 joined in partnership with a man 
who used to make phottphoruf boxes. I sold them for him. 
A piece of phosphorus was stuck in a tin tube, the match 
was dipped into the phosphorus, and it would ignite by 
friction. Mayheir, London Labour and London Poor, 1. 373. 
phosphurett (fos'fu-ret), . [= F.phosphnre = 
Sp../iw/'v '! = I'ii. phosphiireto; t\sphosph(orus) 
+ -ui'i't.] Same as phosphide. 
phosphureted, phosphuretted (fos'fu-ret-ed), 
a. [' pho#phurct+ -t<T-.] Combined with phos- 
phorus, phosphureted hydrogen, l'll :l , a gas pro- 
cured by boiling phosphorus with :i ran-tji- alkali. The 
gaa so prepared IB spontaneously inflammable, owing to the 
f trares of va]Htr of a liquid liylii'l of phos 
phorus, and during it* combustion there- are form* d water 
and phosphorir m id. I lie puie fas. while veryconibuBti- 
Mt..i., -M,,t inflame spontaneously ; It Is colorless, is very 
poisonous, itlM | has a (liHgiiKting smell, resembling that of 
decaying fish. U hm mixed ith air or oxygen nun it ex- 
]i]o,i> s at a temperature of :;IKI K. It is produced by the de- 
composition of animal substances. When this gas Is cooled 
below iero(C.) it deposit* a liquid, hydrogen phosphide; 
the gaseous phosphide remaining i* no longer spontane- 
ously inflammable. Also called ptwnphine. 
photalgia (fo-tul'ji-ji), . [NL.,<Qr.f6r(fur-)i 
light, + ii>jor, pain.] Pain arising from light. 
photantitypimeter (fo-tan-tit-i-pim'e-ter), . 
j M... < <!r. ifiijf (0UT-), light, + avTirmof, corre- 
sponding (see antitype), + /ifrpov, measure.] A 
chemical actinometer proposed by Marchand, 
consisting of a solution of perchlorid of iron 
and oxalic acid in water. When It is exposed to the 
sunlight, carbonic-acid gas is set free, the measure of whose 
volume expresses the chemical intensity of the sun's rays. 
photics (fo'tiks), n. [< Gr. ^ OUT-), light, + 
-icg.] The science of light. 
Photinla (fo-tin'i-a), n. [NL. (Lindley, 1821), 
so called with ref . to the coriaceous and shining 
evergreen leaves and white flowers; < Gr. $o- 
Tctvfjf, shining, bright, < <fa (<!>UT-), light.] A 
genus of rosaceous shrubs and trees, of the 
tribe Pomex, known by the evergreen leaves 
and one- to five-celled berry-like pome, with 
thin partitions. There are about 30 species, natives 
of Japan, China, and the mountains of India, and one of 
California, They bear alternate undivided leaves, often 
with leaf-like stipules, and usually white flowers in ter- 
minal corymbs or panicles. The ovoid juicy fruit is 
crowned by the five ovate calyx-lobes, and Is sometimes 
edible. P. nerrulata and its varieties (often wrongly 
called Cratsctru* ylabra) are the Chinese hawthorn, and /'. 
arbuti/olia is the Californian May-bush of ornamental lawn 
cultivation ; both are hardy evergreens, growing to a 
height of 10 feet. The bark of P. dwria is used in Nepal 
to dye scarlet /'. Japonica yields a small scarlet fruit 
eaten by the Japanese, and is planted for ornament. See 
loquat. 
Photinian (fo-tin'i-an), n. [< LL. Phoiinianus, 
an adherent' of Photinus, < Photinua, < Gr. *u- 
Tctv6f, Photinus (see def.), < 0wrf<cof, shining, 
bright, < fuf (<JXJT-), liffht.j One of a sect-dis- 
ciples of Photinus, a bishop of Sirmium in Pan- 
nonia in the fourth century. Photinna denied 
Christ's essential divinity, and believed that his moral 
character developed from human to divine. 
Photinianism (fo-tin'i-an-izm), n. [< Photinian 
+ -ism.] The system of doctrine held by Pho- 
tinus. 
photo (fo'to), n. A colloquial abbreviation of 
photograph. 
photobiotic (fo'to-bi-ot'ik), . [< Gr. ^uf ($ur-), 
light, + jiiuriKof, belonging to life.] Living 
habitually in the light : said of a class of plant- 
cells. 
photocampsis (fo-to-kamp'sis), . [NL., < Gr. 
^uf (0or-), contr. of ^oof, light (< ^aetv, shine : see 
phased), + K<S/*V"C, bending, < /id//7rrr(ii, bend.] 
Infraction of light. Thomas, Med. Diet. 
photochemical (fo-to-kem'i-kal), a. [< Gr. for, 
(<t*JT-), light, + E. chemical.] Of or pertaining 
to the chemical action of light. 
photochemist (fo-to-kem'ist), n. [< Gr. for. 
(0t>r-), light, + E. chemist.] One who is versed 
in photochemistry. 
photochemistry (fo-to-kem'is-tri), . [< Gr. 
for, (for-), light, + E. chemistry.] That branch 
of chemistry which treats of the chemical ac- 
tion of light. 
photochromatic (fo'to-kro-mat'ik), a. [< pho- 
tochrom-y + -atic (after chromatic).] Of or per- 
taining to or produced by photochromy. Athe- 
neeum, No. 32:15, p. 562. 
photochromolithograph (fo-to-kro-mo-lith'o- 
graf ), . [< Gr. fof (for-), light, + E. chromo- 
lithograph.] A chromolithograph in the pro- 
duction of which photographic processes have 
been used. 
photochromptype (fo-to-kro'mo-tip), . [< Gr. 
for, (for-), light, + E. chromotype.] A photo- 
process picture printed in colors in a printing- 
press by any of the ordinary methods of typog- 
raphy in colors. 
photochromy (fo'to-kro-mi), n. [< Gr. for, 
(for-), light, + ^fpu/w, color.] The art of re- 
producing colors by photographv, or of produ- 
cing photographic pictures in which the origi- 
nals are shown in their natural colors. There Is 
as yet no process by which natural colors can be registered 
by photography by a single or simple operation, In such 
form that the resulting picture will be permanent. By 
the device of taking a separate negative for every color in 
the subject, using in every case such chemicals or meth- 
ods as will reproduce only the desired color, and after- 
ward combining prints or matrices from all the negatives, 
every one in Us appropriate color, a remarkably close ap- 
