Phragmophora 
Phragmophora (frag-inof'n-ra). . ///. [XI;., < 
(ir. Qua] /HI, a fence. |.rrt ition is< e J>kraffiua),+ 
Qepnv = K. lictirl.] A sertion of deeaect-nus 
cephalopods. having a phragmaeone (ir internal 
sliell with a row of air-chambers traversed by a 
siphon. It includes the extinct families lirlii- 
sepiidie, Belopteridie, and liili niniliilse. 
phragmophorou8(trag-in<>f'9-rus),a. [< Phraa- 
iHiipitora + -OIM.] Having tho characters of the 
l'lirt/>iii>/iliiii-<i ; having u plivagmacone. 
phraise (fraz), v. i. ; pret. and pp. plinii.tril, ppr. 
phraininij. [Appar. merely a particular use 
of phrase.] To use coaxing or wheedling lan- 
guage ; cajole ; palaver. Scott, Kob Koy, xxiii. 
[Scotch.] 
phrampelt, a. A bad spelling of framprl. Mi<l- 
dliton and Dckker, Hoaring Girl, iii. 1. 
phrasal (fra'zal), a. [< phrase + -al.] Of, 
pertaining to, or consisting of a phrase ; con- 
sist ing of two or more words. 
A third series of prepositions are the phrasal preposi- 
tions consisting of more than one word. 
J. Earle, Philology of the Eng. Tongue (4th ed.\ p. 501. 
phrase (fra/.), . [= D. G. phrase = Sw. frux 
= Dan. frase, < F. phrase, OF. /rase = Hp. 
frase, frosts = Pg. phrase = It. franc, < L. phi-n- 
uts, < Gr. <t>paatf, speech, manner of speech, 
phraseology, expression, enunciation, < fp&uv. 
point out, show, tell, declare, speak.] 1. A 
brief expression ; more specifically, two or more 
words expressing what is practically a single 
notion, and thus performing the office of a sin- 
gle part of speech, or entering with a certain de- 
gree of unity into the structure of a sentence. 
"Convey," the wise it call. "Steal!" fob! aflcoforthe 
phrase ! Shak., M. \V . of M . i. . :. 88. 
Now mince the sin, 
And mollify damnation with a phrase. 
Dryden, Spanish Friar, v. 2. 
2. A peculiar or characteristic expression; a 
mode of expression peculiar to a language ; an 
idiom. 
The Bible is rather translated into English Words than 
into English Phrase. The Hebraisms are kept, and the 
I'hruxi' of that Language Is kept Selden, Table-Talk, p. 20. 
And, in his native tongue and phrase, 
Prayed to each saint to watch his days. 
Scott, Rokeby, iv. H. 
Betwixt them blossomed up 
From out a common vein of memory 
Sweet household talk, and phrases of the hearth. 
Tennyson, Princess, ii. 
3. The manner or style in which a person ex- 
presses himself; diction; phraseology; lan- 
guage; also, an expression, or a form of ex- 
pression. 
The chief and principal! [subject of poesy | Is ? the laud, 
honour, and glory of the immortall gods (I speake now in 
phrase of the Gentiles). 
Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 39. 
The Sclauon dooth playnly vnderstande the Moscoulte, 
although the Moscouian toonge be a more rude and harde 
phrase of speach. 
R. Kden, tr. of John Faber (First Books on America, ed. 
[Arber, p. 290). 
Thou speak'st 
In better phrase and matter than thou didst. 
Shak., Lear, Iv. 6. 8. 
A frantic Gipsey now, the House he haunts, 
And in wild Phrases speaks dissembled Wants. 
Prior, Henry and Emma. 
4. In mime, a short and somewhat indepen- 
dent division or part of a piece, less complete 
than a period, and usually closing with a ca- 
dence or a half-cadence. A phrase usually includes 
four or eight measures. The name is also given less tech- 
nically to any short passage or figure that is performed 
without pause or break. 
The singer who feels what he sings, and duly marks the 
phrases and accents, is a man of taste. But he who can 
only give the values and intervals of the notes without the 
sense of the phrases, however accurate he may be, Is a 
mere machine. Rousseau, Diet. Music. (Tr. in drove.) 
5. In fencing, a period between the beginning 
and end of a short passage at arms between 
fencers during which there is no pause, each 
fencer thrusting and parrying in turn. Adver- 
bial, conditional, prepositional, etc .. phrase. Sec 
the adjectives. Extended phrase, in music, a phrase 
that occupies, by exception, more than the usual number 
of measures. Irregular phrase.in music, aphraseofan 
unusual number of measures.- To learn the phrases of 
a house, to become familiar with the habits of a family. 
IlaUiireu. [Cornwall, Eng.] = Syn. 1. See term. 
phrase (fraz), r. ; pret. and pp. phrased, ppr. 
l>lirusinn. [= F. phraser = Sp. frasear = Pg. 
phrasear ; from the noun.] L intrant. 1. To 
employ peculiar phrases or forms of speech; ex- 
press one's self. [Rare.] 
So Saint Cyprian vhraseth, to expresse effeminate, wo- 
manish, wunton. dishonest, inimical! gestures, by the tu- 
torship of an micliast art. Prynne, Hlstrio-Mastlx, II., Ii. 2. 
4457 
2. In iiiusir, to divide a piece in 
into, short sections or phrases, so as to bring 
out the metrical and narmpnic form of the 
whole, and make it musically intelligible ; also, 
to perform any group of tones without pause. 
fl. tratm. To express or designate by a par- 
ticular phrase or term; call; style. 
w)u-n these suns - 
For " they phrase 'em - by their heralds challenged 
The noble spirits to arms, they did perform 
Beyond thought's compass. Shot., Hen. VIII., I. 1. 34. 
The I'resbytera and Deacons writing to him think they 
doe him honour enough when they phrase him no higher 
than Brother Cyprian, and deare Cyprian in the 20. Epist 
Milton, Reformation In Eng., I. 
phrase-book (fraz'biik), 11. A book in which 
the phrases or idiomatic forms of expression 
peculiar to a language are collected and ex- 
plained. 
I confess you are pretty well vers'd in Phrase- Books, and 
Lexicons, and Glossaries. 
MUtim. Answer to Salmasiua, L 82. 
phraselesst (fraz'les), a. [< phrase + -lens."} 
Not to be expressed or described. 
O, then, advance of yours that phraselcss hand 
Whose white weighs down the airy scale of praise. 
Shak., Lover's Complaint, L 22f>. 
phraseman (fraz 'man), n. ; pi. phra-<in>n 
(-men). One who habitually uses a set form 
of words with slight regard to their import; a 
phrasemonger. [Rare.] 
The poor wretch . . . 
Becomes a fluent phraseman, absolute 
And technical in victories and defeat*, 
And all our dainty terms for fratricide. 
Coleridge, Fears in Solitude. 
phrase-mark (fraz'miirk), . In musical nota- 
tion, a sweeping curve over or under notes that 
are to be performed connectedly and as form- 
ing a single phrase. 
phrasemonger (fraz'mung'ger), >i. [< phrase + 
monger.] One who deals in mere phrases ; one 
who is an adept at stringing words or phrases 
together. 
phraseogram (fra'ze-o-gram), n. [< Gr. <t>paaif 
(gen. fyiaoeof), speech, phrase, + ypdfipa, letter: 
see gram"*.] Inphonog., a combination of short- 
hand characters to represent a phrase or sen- 
tence. 
phraseograph (fra'ze-o-graf), u. [X Gr. <j>paatc 
(gen. fpaotof), speech, phrase, + ypafytiv, write.] 
Same as phraseogram. 
It contains an exhaustive list of reporting logographs, 
word signs, phraseoyraphs, etc., all of which will, of course, 
be of great interest to the reporter. 
Sei. Amer., N. 3., LXI., p. 27 of adv'ts. 
phraseography (fra-ze-og'ra-ft), . [< Gr. 
Qpdoif (gen. tppdaeof ), speech, phrase, 4- -ypaifiia, 
< -ypd^ictv, write.] The combining of two or more 
shortened phonographic or stenographic signs 
to represent a phrase or sentence ; the use of 
phraseograms. 
phraseologic (fra'ze-6-loj'ik), a. [= F. phrasc- 
oloi/ique = Sp. fraseoldgico = Pg. phraseologico 
= ft,.fraseologifo; as phraseolog-y + -ic.] Of or 
pertaining to phraseology: as. phraseologic pe- 
culiarities. 
phraseological (fra'ze-o-loj'i-kal), a. [<j>hrasr- 
ologic + -at.] Same as phraseologic . 
It Is the vocabulary and the phraseological combinations 
of the man, or class of men, which must serve as the clue 
to guide us Into the secret recesses of their being. 
Marsh, Lects. on Eng. Lang. , x. 
phraseologically (fra'ze-o-loj'i-kal-i), adv. As 
regards phraseology, or style of expression. 
phraseologist (fra-ze-ol'o-jist), n. [= Pg. 
fraseologixta ; < phrascolog-y + -tat."] 1. A 
stickler for phraseology, or a particular fonn 
of words ; a coiner of phrases. 
The author of Poetm Bustlcantls Uteratum Otium is but 
a meer phroseologist. Guardian, No. SO. 
2. A collector of phrases. 
phraseology (fra-ze-ol'o-ji), n. [= F. phrase- 
oloyie = Sp. frase o logia = Pg. phraseologia = 
lt.fraseoloffia,frasilogia, < Gr. <t>paot<; (gen. fpa- 
fffof ), speech, phrase, + -Hoyia, < 2t ft iv, speak : 
see -logy.~\ 1. The form of words used in ex- 
pressing some idea or thought; mode or style 
of expression ; the particular words or phrases 
combined to form a sentence, or the method of 
arranging them ; diction; style. 
From methey [auctioneers] learned to inlay theirpAnw- 
U'rii with variegated chips of exotic metaphor. 
Sheridan, The Critic, I. 2. 
Mr. Fox winnowed and sifted his phraseology with a 
care which seems hardly consistent with the simplicity 
and elevation of his mind. 
Macawlay, Mackintosh's Hist Rev. 
2. A collection of phrases and idioms. = syn. 
1. Style, etc. See diction. 
phrenic 
phrasical (t'ia'/.i-kal >, <;. [< plim.** + -II--H/.} 
Having ihe rlmrac'ter of a phrase; idiomatic. 
[Kare.J 
Here It Is phrasieal, and therefore not to be forced. 
Ken. T. Adams, Works, I. 395. 
phrasing (fra'zing), . [Verbal n. of ph. 
i'.] 1. The wording of a speech or passage. 2. 
In muxir, the act, process, or result of dividing 
a piece in performance into short sections or 
phrases, so as to give it form and clearness. 
Skill in phrasing is one of the chief qualities 
of a good performer. 
phratlia (fra'tri-a), n.; \il.phratriit (-6). [NL.: 
see phra Iri/.] Same 
This tribunal (the Areopagus], however, did nut Inter- 
fere with the ancestral claims of families and phratrite. 
Vm: i;,,,,i.,; \ niv. Hist (trana,), p. 188. 
phratric (fnl'trik), . [<phr(itr-y+ -ic.] Of 
or pertaining to a phratry. 
The phratric organization has existed among the Iro- 
quois from time immemorial. 
Morgan, Contributions to North Amcr. Ethnology, IV. 11. 
phratry (fra'tri), n.; pi. jihratries (-triz). [Also 
phratrid ; = F. phratrie, < Gr. Qparpa, Qparpia, 
a tribe, a political division of people, < tyxirM, 
clansman, orig. 'brother,' = L. frater = .. 
brother: see brother.] A brotherhood or clan : 
specifically, in the states of ancient Greece, a 
politico-religious group of citizens, which ap- 
pears to have been originally based on kinship 
and to have been a subdivision of the phyle or 
tribe. By modern ethnologists the term Is applied to 
somewhat analogous brotherhoods existing among the 
aborigines of Australia and America. 
In Australia the phratries are still more important than 
In America. Messrs, llowitt and Flson, who have done so 
much to advance our knowledge of the social system of 
the Australian aborigines, have given to these exogamous 
divisions the name of classes; but the term is objectionable. 
btcause It falls to convey (1) that these divisions are kin- 
ship divisions, and (2) that they are Intermediate divisions : 
whereas the Greek term phratry conveys both these mean- 
ings, and Is therefore appropriate. 
J. Q.Fraier, Encyc. Brit., XXIII. 478. 
It Is extremely difficult, U not impossible, to find good 
analogies in civilized life to these phratries and sub phra- 
tries. Anthropological Jour., XVUI. 71. 
phren(fren), M. ; pi. phrcnes (fre'nez). [NL., < 
Gr. bpr/v, the midriff , diaphragm, also, commonly 
in pi. ^>/vff , the parts about the heart, the breast, 
the heart as the seat of the passions or of the 
mind.] 1. The thinking principle, or power of 
thought and perception; mind. 2. The dia- 
phragm. See phrenic. 
phrenalgia (fre-nal'ji-a), H. [NL., < Gr. fcx/K, 
mind, + oAyoc, pain.] Psychalgia. 
phrenesiact (fre-ne'si-ak), a. [< phmtttil -r 
-inc.] Same as phrenetic. 
Like an hypochondriac person, or, as Barton's Anatomia 
th it, a phreiusiac or lethargic patient. 
Scott, Waverley, Ml 
phrenesis (fre-ne'sis), . [< L. phrenesis, < Gr. 
Qpcvqotf, inflammation of the brain, < <t>pqv, mind : 
see frenzy.] Delirium; frenzy. Thomas, Med. 
Diet. 
phrenetic (fre-net'ik), o. and H. [Also /re neti<: 
frantic (geeVtaniic); < ME. frenetike, frenetik, 
frentik, < OF. frenetique, F. phrenetique, frene- 
tique = Pr. frenetic = Sp. frenetico = Pg. It.fre- 
netico, < L. phreneticus, nhreniticvtt, < Gr. fpcvt- 
Tut6f, frenzied, distracted/ Qptv'mt, frenzy, phre- 
hath it, 
nitis: see phreiti.] I. a. See frenetic. 
H.t n. A frantic or frenzieo! person; one 
whose mind is disordered. 
Yon did never hear 
A phrenetic so In love with his own favour ! 
/>'. Jonson, Devil Is an Ass. Iv. 3. 
phrenetical (fre-net'i-kal), a. See frenetic. 
phrenetically, to. See frenetically. 
phreniatric (fren-i-at'rik), a. [< Gr. Gpfiv, mind, 
-I- iaTpiKOf, medicinal: see iatric.] Pertaining 
to the cure of mental diseases; psychiatric. 
phrenic (fren'ik). o. and . [= F. phrenique = 
Pg. phrcnico = It. frenico, < NL. phrenicus, < 
Gr. as if 'fpeviKof, of or pertaining to the dia- 
phragm, < p//v ((j>pe v-), the diaphragm, the mind : 
see phren.] I. a. In aimf., of or pertaining to 
the diaphragm; diaphragmatic: as, a phrenic 
artery, vein, or nerve Phrenic arteries, arteries 
supplying the diaphragm, (a) Inferior, two small branches 
of the alxlominal aorta. (6) Superior, a slender branch 
from each internal mammary. Also called comes ncrri 
phrrnici.- Phrenic ganglion, hernia, etc. Sec the 
nouns. Phrenic glands, a group of small lymphatic 
glands surrounding tin- termination of the inferior cava. 
Phrenic nerve, a deep branch of the fourth cervical 
nerve, with accessions from the third or fifth, descending 
through the thorax to be distributed to the diaphragm, 
giving also ttlamentu to the pericardium and pleura. Also 
called internal respiratory nene qf Bell Phrenic plex- 
ua. See plexus Phrenic veins, tributaries of the infe- 
rior vena cava, accompanying the Inferior phrenic arteriea 
