phrenic 
II. n. A mental disease ; also, a medicine or 
remedy for such a disease. Imp. Diet. 
phrenicocplic (fren"i-ko-kol'ik), a. Same as 
phrenocolie. 
phrenicogastric (fren"i-ko-gas'trik), a. Same 
tig phrenogastric. 
phrenicosplenic (fren'i-kd-splen'ik), a. Same 
as phrenosplenic. 
phrenics(fren'iks),. [P\. of phrenic: see-ics.] 
Mental philosophy; metaphysics. K. Parke. 
[Bare.] 
phrenicus (fren'i-kns), n. [NL. : see phrenic.] 
Same as diaphragm. 
phrenism (fren'izm), ii: [< pliren + -ism.] The 
power of one feeling to influence another; 
thought-force, 
phrenitie (fre-nit'ik), a. [< phrenitis + -ic.] 
the diaphragm, heart, mind: see pliren.'} 1. 
In med., an inflammation of the brain or its 
meninges, attended -with acute fever and de- 
lirium. 2. Delirium; frenzy. 
Phrenitis ... is a disease of the mind, with a continual 
madness or dotage, which hath an acute feaver annexed, 
or else an inflammation of the brain. ... It differs from 
Melancholy and Madness. . . . Melancholy is most part 
silent, this clamorous. Burton, Anat. of Mel., i. 1. 
phrenocolie (fren-6-kol'ik), a. [< Gr. jpt/v 
(t{>pv-), diaphragm, + KO/.OV, colon: see colic.'] 
Pertaining to the diaphragm and the colon. 
Pnrenocolic ligament, a narrow fold of the peritoneum 
connecting the splenic flexure of the colon with the dia- 
phragm. 
phrenogastric (fren-6-gas'trik), a. [< Gr. fpr/v 
(tppev-), diaphragm, + yaar/ip (yaarp-), stomach : 
see gastric.] Pertaining to the diaphragm and 
the stomach. Phrenogastric ligament, a short fold 
of the peritoneum connecting the diaphrag 
4458 
Spurzheim's Phrenological Chart of the Human Head. 
AFFKCTIVE FACULTIES. I. Propensities: , aliinentiveness; 
i, dcstructiveness ; 2, amativeness; 3, philoprogenitiveness; 4, ad* 
fundus of the stomach. 
, 
iaphragm with the 
phrenography (fre-nog'ra-fi), n. [< Gr. <t>pt/v 
(0pEv-), diaphragm, + ypatjiuv, write.] The ob- 
serving and descriptive stage of comparative 
psychology, or phrenology in sense 2. Smith- 
sonian Report, 1881, p. 501. 
phrenologer (fre-nol'o-jer), n. [< phrenolog-y 
+ -er 1 .] A phrenologist. 
phrenologic (freu-o-loj'ik), a. [= F. phreno- 
logique = Sp. frenologico = Pg. vktvnologioo = 
It. frenologico; as phrenolog-y + -ic.] Of or 
pertaining to phrenology. 
phrenological (fren-o-loj'i-kal), a. [< phreno- 
logic + -al.] Same as phreiiologic. 
A particularly short, fat, greasy-looking gentleman, with 
a head as free from phrenological development as a billiard- 
ball. C. Lever, Harry Lorrequer, xxvii. 
phrenologically (fren-o-loj'i-kal-i), adv. In a 
phrenological manner; according to the prin- 
ciples of phrenology ; as regards phrenology. 
phrenologist (fre-nbl'o-jist), n. [= F. phreno- 
logiste = Pg. phrenoloyista = It. frenologista ; 
as phrenolog-y + -ist.] One who is versed in 
phrenology. 
phrenology (fre-nol'o-ji), . [=F.phrenologie = 
Sp.frenologia = Pg.phrenologia = It.frenologia, 
< Gr. <t>pf/v (ijtpev-), heart, mind, + -'Aoyia, < Hyeiv, 
speak: see -ology.] 1. The theory that the 
mental powers of the individual consist of in- 
dependent faculties, each of which has its seat 
in a definite brain-region, whose size is com- 
mensurate with the power of manifesting this 
particular faculty. This theory, which originated at 
the close of the eighteenth century, assumes, moreover, 
as an essential part, the plasticity of the cranial en- 
velop, by which the skull conforms externally, in the nor- 
mal subject, to the shape and configuration of the brain 
within, so that its form and faculties may be determined, 
with sufficient exactness, from the skull itself, whether in 
the skeleton or in the living person. The different powers 
of the mind or faculties are divided into two classes, the 
feelings and the intellect, or the affective and intellectual 
faculties, the former of which is again divided into the 
propensities and sentiment*, the latter into the perceptive 
and reflective faculties. Each of these groups, as well 
as each of the individual faculties composing them, is 
located upon the exterior of the skull with more or less 
exactness, and it is by the prominence or depression of 
the different regions that the mental powers and faculties 
are ascertained. The system was founded by Dr. Franz 
Joseph Gall (1758 - 1828), a Viennese physician, and was ex- 
tended and promulgated by his pupil and associate, Dr. 
Spurzheim, and by George and Andrew Combe and others. 
The term is sometimes applied, in the phrase new phre- 
nology, to the localization of cerebral functions which has 
been established by experimental and pathological inves- 
tigations, almost exclusively of the last twenty years, and 
which has reached such a degree of certainty and definite- 
ness as to furnish a basis for surgical operations on the 
brain. But there is nothing in common between modern 
cerebral localization and the views of Gall and Spurzheim 
See cut in next column. 
2. Comparative psychology; the study of the 
mind, intellect, or intelligence of man and the 
lower animals. Smithsonian Kepnrt, 1881, p. 501. 
ence; 15, firmness; 16, conscientiousness; 17, hope ; 18, marvelous- 
ness ; 19, ideality ; 20, mirthfulness ; 21, imitation. INTELLECTUAL 
FACULTIES. \.Perceptfve: 23, individuality ; 23, configuration ; 24, 
size ; 25, weight and resistance ; 26, coloring ; 27, locality ; 28, order ; 
20, calculation; 30, eventuality; 31, time; 32, tune; 33. language. 
II. Reflective: 34, comparison ; 33, causality. 
phrenomagnetic (fren'"o-mag-net'ik), a. [< Gr. 
ifiprfv (<j>pev-), mind, + E. magnetic.] Pertaining 
to phrenomagnetism : as, phrenomagnetic phe- 
nomena. J. R. Buchanan. 
phrenomagnetism (fren-6-mag'net-izm), . [< 
Gr. <t>pf/v (<jipev-), mind, 4- !E. magnetism.] Ani- 
mal magnetism, directed and controlled by will- 
power; pathetism. 
The simple physiological phenomena known as spirit- 
rapping, table-turning, phrenomagnetism. 
Huxley, Lay Sermons, p. 90. 
phrenomesmerism (fren-6-mez'mer-izm), n. 
[< Gr. <t>pf/v (Qpev-), mind, + E. mesmerism.] 
Same as phrenomagnetism. 
phrenonomy (fre-non'o-mi), n. [< Gr. ij>pf/v 
(Qpev-), heart, mind, + v6/u>f, law.] The de- 
ductive and predictive stage of phrenology in 
sense 2. Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 501. 
phrenopathia (fren-o-path'i-a), . [NL., < Gr. 
(bpr/v (ypev-), mind, -t- naffof, disease: seepathos.] 
Mental disease ; insanity ; psychopathia. 
phrenopathic (fren-o-path'ik), o. [< phreno- 
pathia + -ic.] Of or pertaining to mental dis- 
ease; psychopathic. 
phrenoplegia (fren-o-ple'ji-a), n. [NL., < Gr. 
typi/v (^pn>-), mind, -r v/.nyr/, a blow, stroke, < 
iv. strike.] Sudden loss of mental power. 
phrenosis (f re-no'sis). . [NL., < Gr. 
heart, mind, -f -osis.] Psychosis. 
phrenosplenic (fren-6-splen'ik), a. Pertain- 
ing to the diaphragm and the spleen Phrenq- 
splenic ligament, a short triangular fold of the peri- 
toneum descending from the diaphragm to the upper end 
of the spleen. 
phrensict (fren'zik), a. [<.phrens-y + -ic. Cf. 
phrenetic, frantic."] Phrenetic; mentally dis- 
ordered; insane. 
Peace, and be nought \ I think the woman be phrensic. 
B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1. 
phrensyt, phrenzyt, n. and v. Obsolete forms 
of frenzy. 
phrentict, a. and . An obsolete form of frantic. 
phronesis (fro-ne'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. ^p6vijaif, 
practical wisdom, < Qpovelv, think, < <j>pr/v, mind : 
see phren.] Practical judgment; the faculty 
of conducting one's self wisely. 
phrontisterion (fron-tis-te'ri-on), . ; jsil.phron- 
tisteria (-a). [Also phrontistery,(. OF. phrontis- 
tere; < Gr. fypovriaTripiov, a place for deep think- 
ing, a ' ' thinking-shop" (as Socrates's school was 
called by Aristophanes in "The Clouds"), later 
a school, a monastery,< <f>povrirj->/t;, a deep think- 
er, < ffipovTi^eii!, think, consider, meditate, take 
thought of, be anxious for, < Qpovrif, thought, 
care, < Qpoveiv, think: see phronesis.] A school 
or seminary of learning; a college. 
His lodging! no; 'tis the learn 'd phrontisterion 
Of most divine Albnmazar. 
T. Tomkis (?), Albumazar, i. 8. 
phrontistery (frou'tis-ter-i), . ; pi. 
teries (-iz). Same &s phrontisterion. 
Phrynidae 
As to the scenery [in the old Greek comedies], he holds 
that the inside of the phrontittery is never seen. 
Amer. Jour. Philol., IX. 344. 
Phryganea (fri-ga'ne-a), . [NL., so called in 
allusion to the appearance of the cases of cad- 
dis-flies; < Gr. fpiyavov, a dry stick, < Qpiiyeiv, 
roast.] The typical genus of the important 
neuropterous family Phryganeidae. It formerly in- 
cluded all the caddis-flies then known, and was thus more 
nearly conterminous with the modern family and equal to 
the order or suborder Trichoptera. It is at present re- 
stricted to about 12 species, widely distributed in Europe, 
Asia, and North America, having rather slender wings w ith 
dense pubescence on the anterior pair, and an oblique 
transverse nervule between the costa and the subcosta. 
Phryganeidae (frig-a-ne'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Phryganea + -idse.] " A family of trichopterous 
neuropterous insects, typified by the genus Phry- 
ganea, to which different limits have been as- 
signed ; the caddis-flies, (o) Including all caddis- 
flies, and synonymous with the order Trichoptera or the 
family PlicipenneK. (b) Restricted to those caddis-flies in 
which the maxillary palpi of the male are four-jointed, 
only slightly pubescent, and shaped alike in both sexes. 
This group contains the giants of the order Trichoptera, 
and occurs only in the northern hemisphere. The larvae 
live in still waters and make cylindrical cases of bits of 
leaves and fibers spirally arranged. See cut under caddis- 
worm. 
Phrygian (frij'i-an), a. and n. [= F. Phrygian, 
< L. Phrygianus,< Phrygian, < Gr. $pi>yu><;, Phry- 
gian, < *pif (Qpvy-), a Phrygian.] I. a. Pertain- 
ing to Phrygia, an ancient province or country 
in the interior of Asia Minor, or to the Phry- 
gians. Phrygian cap. See cap. Phrygian helmet, 
a form of helmet suggesting the classical Phrygian cap. 
This form, which is very rare injnedieval representations, 
is given to St. George, possibly with intention on the part 
of the artist to denote the Oriental origin of the saint. 
Phrygian marble. See?narW,l. Phrygian mode. See 
model, 7. Phrygian work, gold embroidery ; orphrey- 
work. See aunphrycria. 
II. . 1. A native or an inhabitant of 
Phrygia. 2. In eccles. hist., same as Montanist. 
Phryma (fri'ma), n. [NL. (Linnseus, 1756), of 
unknown origin.] A genus of plants, of the 
gamopetalous order Vcrbenacex, constituting 
the tribe Phrymex, known by the uniformly 
one-celled ovary in a family characterized by 
two- or four-celled ovaries. The only species, P. 
leptostackya, is a plant widely diffused but nowhere 
abundant, native of North America, Japan, and the Hima- 
layan region. It is an erect herb, with a few stiff strag- 
gling branches, opposite toothed leaves, and a long slen- 
der spike of small scattered purplish flowers, at first erect, 
then spreading, and in fruit refiexed, whence its popular 
name,TojMed. The fruit is a small, dry, short-stalked utri- 
cle, hooked at the apex, and adapted to distribution by 
catching in the hair of animals. 
Phrymeae (fri'me-e), . pi. [NL. (Bentham and 
Hooker, 1876), <' Phryma + -ex.] A tribe of 
plants, of the order Verl)enace, consisting of 
the genus Phryma, characterized by the one- 
celled and one-oyuled ovary, erect orthotropous 
ovule, seed destitute of albumen, and reflexed 
radicle. 
Phrynichus (frin'i-kus), n. [NL. (Karsch, 
1880).] A genus of arachnids, of the family 
Phrynids, in which the tibise of the hind legs 
have no subjoints, the maxillary palpi are much 
longer than the body, which is slender and tubu- 
liform, and the hand has four finger-like spines. 
The genus is represented in southern Cali- 
fornia. 
Phrynida (frin'i-da), n. pi. [NL., < Phrynus 
+ -ida.] An order of pulmonate Arachnida : 
synonymous with Tlielyphonida. See Pedipal- 
J)l *. 
Phrynidae (frin 'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Phrynus + 
-idee. ] A family of pulmonate Arachnida of the 
order Phrynida or Tlielyphonida, typified by the 
genus Phrynus. The 
abdomen is flat, oval, and 
eleven-jointed; the postal", 
domen is a mere rudiment, 
like a button ; the cephalc- 
thorax is flat, and covered 
with a horny carapace ; the 
pedipalps are long, strong, 
six-jointed, and variously 
armed, but their terminal 
claw does not, form a pincer ; 
the first pair of legs are ex- 
tremely long, slender, pal- 
pifonn or even antenniform, 
and multiarticulate, the 
fifth and sixth joints being 
divided into ninety or more 
suhjoints ; and the eyes are 
eight in number, two in the 
central anterior region, and 
a cluster of three on each 
side. The species resemble 
spiders with (apparently) 
long feelers and a pair of 
great claws. They are read- 
ily distinguished from the only other family (Thelyphoni- 
dtf)ol this order by not having a long tail like a scorpion. 
They are nocturnal and sluggish, and live under stones 
and logs. Compare also cut under Pedipalpi. 
A Species of Pltrynus, about life- 
size. 
