and n. [< 
phygogalactic 
phygogalactic (fi'go-ga-lak'tik), n. and , 
Gr. (/')!', ^fi'jtti", shun, avoid, + yoXo (yo/i 
milk.] I. . Preventing the formation of milk 
and promoting the reabsorption of what has 
been already secreted. 
II. n. An agent having these qualities. 
phvla,". Plural of phylum. 
phylactert (fi-lak'ter), n. [< F. pht/lactfre: see 
plii/lactcn/.] A. phylactery. SoMff. 
phylactefed (fi-lak'terd), a. [< phylacter-y 
4460 Phyllium 
In ncient Greece, the headship of a tribe or phyllidium (fi-lid'i-um) .; pi. pltylMia (-a), 
authority of a phylarch. [NL., < Gr. ^-Mov, leaf, + dim. suffix -,<W ] 
' . , ,_, A -TT y f*\ ^\__ _ _JJ il. .n^i-mi-i-nfnmr t tiiriH 1 Q f\T tlA nflVl. 
clan; the office or authority , - ^NL^' Gf b^-'of 'the rudimentary' ctenidia of the phyl- 
jy ties of birth, a lidiobranchiate gastropods, as limpets, called 
which the aggregate constituted a community. 
In Athens the tribes did not rest on family relationship, 
acee -aer, . - - t -- we - re at flrst geographical divisions, then classes 
'J.l Wearing a phylactery; hence (because formed acc0 rding to occupation or wealth. Clisthenes 
wearine of phylacteries was assumed to be abolished the old tribes, and distributed his fellow-citizens 
idee. P. Imcephalus, the best-known species, is a highly 
the wearing of phylacteries 
bigoted; pharisaical. 
Who for the spirit hug the spleen, 
Phylacter'd throughout all their mien ; 
Who their ill-tasted home-brewed prayer 
To the State's mellow forms prefer. 
M. Green, The Spleen. 
nhvlacteria, . Plural of phylacterimn 
** _i . rrvai _i_ t. ni,\ r G -fi] 
among ten new ones, named after ancient Attic heroes, 
and arranged upon geographical lines and democratic 
ideas and this arrangement persisted through the glo- 
rious time of Attic history. Every full citizen of Athens 
was registered in a phyle, in a deme, and in a phratry. 
Every phyle was a political unit, to which were allotted the 
choice of 50 of the 500 senators and that of its due pro- 
portion of dicasts and of the higher civil and military of- 
ficers of the state; and every phyle was required to con- 
tribute in a fixed proportion to the military service, to the 
various liturgies, etc. 
1***J iwrwww -1 v r- fl J^l J ViUluuo linlftl**o, VM*. 
phylacteriC (fil-ak-ter'ik), a. [= Sp. Mactenco p hyletic (fi-let'ik), a. [< Gr. ^tvUrwaJf , < 0wUrw, a 
= Pg.phylacterico; as phylacter-y + -ic.] Ot or tribesman < (pv/.r/, a tribe: see phyle.] 1. Per- 
pertaining to the phylactery; accompanied by taining to a race or tribe. Hence 2. In Wo?., 
the assumption of the phylactery. 
phylacterical (fil-ak-ter'i-kal), a. 
teric + -al.] Same as phylacteric. 
Christian Sacrifice, 
p. 128. 
phylacterium (fil- 
ak-te'ri-um), n. ; 
pi. phylacteria (-a). 
[NL. : see phylac- 
tery.] A portable 
reliquary. See phy- 
lactery. 
phylactery (fi-lak'- 
te-ri), .; f>\. phylac- 
teries (-riz). [Now 
written according to 
the L. spelling; for- 
merly philactery, 
ME. philaterie, ear- 
lier filaterie, < OF. 
filaterie, philaterie, 
[< plnj to 
L.Addtson, 
pertaining to a phylum of the animal kingdom 
the construe tion O f p h yi a ; phylogenetic. 
Phyllirkol baeifhalus. 
phosphorescent oceanic organism, bearing little resem- 
blance to a mollusk. It is thin and translucent, without 
gills, shell, or foot, ending in a rounded tail-like fin with 
which it swims like a flsh, and bearing upon the head a 
pair of long tentacles. Also Phyllirhoa and Phyllirrhx. 
2. \_l. c.] A member of this genus, 
phyllirhoid (fil'i-roid), a. and n. I. o. Pertain - 
J ^, or having their charac- 
<Gr.< 
A member of the Phyllirlwidai. 
'i-a),)!. [NL.(Leyeill4 , phyliirhoidae (fil-i-r6'i-de),.p<. [NL.,<P%/- 
, leaf (see phyllary), + an.ni; (OKTIV-), lirllog + _i ( j x ^ A family of nudibranchiate gas- 
Phylacterium found at St. Dun- 
Stan's, Fleet Street, London. (From 
" Archaeological Journal.") 
ray.] A genus of pyrenomycetous fungi of the 
family Erysipheee. Each perithecium contains several 
asci, and the appendages are needle-shaped and abruptly 
swollen at the base. The only well-known species is P. 
suffulta, which grows upon the leaves of a great variety of 
plants, especially woody plants. 
phyllade (fil'ad), . [< Gr. 0i'A/ldf (0ivt/ia<!-), a 
bunch of leaves, < 0MUoi> = 'L. folium, leaf.] In 
bot. , one of the small imperfect leaves in Isoetes, 
alternating with the fertile leaves. In the sub- 
merged species these consist of a small lamina with no 
sheath, and in the terrestrial species they are reduced to 
mere scales. 
Phyllanthese (fi-lan'the-e), n.pl. [NL. (Bart- 
ling, 1830), < Phyllanthus + -eee.] A tribe of 
plants of the order Euphorbiaceee, distinguished 
by carpels with two contiguous ovules in the 
tropods, typified by the genus Phyllirhoe. These 
singularly degenerate and simple mollusks have no cteni- 
dia, cerata, mantle skirt, or other processes of the body- 
wall, even the foot being aborted. The intestine ends on 
the right side, and the head has two long tentacles. They 
are now sometimes ranked with. Polybranchiata in a dis- 
tinct section called Abranehia, but were formerly referred 
to the pteropods, the heteropods, and even the tunicates. 
Also called ocean slugs and Psilosomata. 
phyllis 1 (fil'is), n. [< L. Phyllis (Virgil, Hor- 
ace)^ Gr. *t>A/./f, a fern, name: so called in allu- 
sion to Phyllis as the name in old plays and ro- 
mances and pastoral poems of a country girl, 
or shepherdess, or sweetheart. Cf . philander.'] 
A country girl; a shepherdess; a sweetheart: 
a common name for such in old romances, pas- 
toral poems, etc. 
r , 
central angle, and the seed-leaves much broad- phyllis 1 (fil'is), J>. i. [< pliyllis^, n. Cf.philan- 
To address or celebrate in amatory 
[Rare.] 
He passed his easy hours, instead of prayer, 
In madrigals and phiilyeing the fair. 
Garth, Dispensary, L 
also filatiere, philatiere, later phylacterie, phy- er than the radicle. It includes 54 genera, mainly der, v.] 
lactere, F. phylactere= Sp. filacteria = Pg.phy- tropical, of which Phyllanthus is the type. For other verses. 
lateria = It. filateria; < LL. phylacterium, fy- principal genera, see Putranjiva and Toidcodendron. 
lacterium, a phylactery, < Gr. Qvhutrripiav, a post Phyllanthus (fi-lan'thus), n. [NL. (Linnaeus, 
for watchmen, or a garrison, a fort, castle, out- 1737), so called from species with flowers seated 
post, also safeguard, preservative, esp. an amu- on leaf-like flattened branches ;< Gr. (f>v/-^ov a phylli 8 2 (fil'is), n. [NL. (Linnteus, 1737), 
let (whence the Jewish use), < QvhaicT/ip, a guard, leaf, + av8of, flower (cf . L. phyllanthes, < Gr. go ca u e( j f rom the handsome green leaves and 
< yokaaaeiv, watch, guard.] A charm or amulet, fvltavflcf, a plant with prickly leaves, prob. tliei] , ornamental venation; < L. phyllis, an 
And Fathers, Councils, Church, and Church's head scabious).] A large genus of plants of the or- a i mon d_tree, < Gr. jniMf, foliage, < fvMov, a 
Were on her reverend phylacteries read. derEuphorbiaceie, type of the tribe Pliyllanthese, j eaf -i A genus of undershrubs of the gamopet- 
Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 399. characterized by the entire alternate leaves a i ou g or der ^6iace and the tribe ^l(osper- 
Happy are they who verify their amulets, and make an d apetalous monoecious flowers, the male m characterized by stamens inserted on the 
their phylacteries speak in their lives and actions. glomerate clusters and with from two to six , t ii 11- ^ *,,;*<,;*; f t, 
flfrT. Browne, Christ Mor ,. 10 f^ ftnd b ^ ^ consigti of from 
Specifically (a) InJem&antiq., an amulet consisting of t v,., 0( , t L a ,, v pornpl<i thpiv two cleft stvles not 
a strip or strips of parchment inscribed with certain texts "I 166 to many carpels, tneu two e 
dilated below the apex. There are about 450 species, 
very widely dispersed throughout the warmer parts of the 
world, rarer in temperate climates. They are either herbs, 
shrubs, or trees, of great variety in appearance. The 
leaves are generally two-ranked, and so airanged as to 
make the branches resemble pinnate leaves. The small 
from the Old Testament, and inclosed within a small lea- 
ther case, which was fastened with straps on the forehead 
Just above and between the eyes, or on the left arm near 
the region of the heart. The four passages inscribed upon 
the phylactery were Ex. xiii. 2-10, 11-17, and Deut. vL 4-9, 
13-22. The custom was founded on a literal interpreta- 
tion of Ex. xiii. 16, and Deut. vi. 8 and xi. 18. 
He which hath his Phylacteries on his head and armes, 
and his knots on his garment, and his Schedule on his 
doore, is so fenced that he cannot easily sinne. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 18& 
(6) Among the primitive Christians, etc., a case in which 
were Inclosed relics of the saints. =Syn. (a) See defs. of 
amulet, talisman, and mezuzah. 
Phylactolsemata (fl-lak-to-le'ma-ta), . pi. 
[NL., < Gr. tfni/MKTof, verbal adj. of QvTiaaosiv, 
guard, + fau[i6f, throat.] A subclass or order 
of Polyzoa, containing those whose lophophore 
is bilateral, crescentic, or hippocrepiform, pro- 
vided with a circlet of tentacles, and defended 
by an epistoma. These polyzoans are larger, softer, 
and more homogeneous than the Gymnolxinata, and are 
specially characteristic of fresh water. The families Plu- 
matellid and Crigtatellidx are characteristic components 
of the group. Also called Lophopoda and Hippocrepia. 
See cut under Polyzoa. 
phylactplaematous (fi-lak-to-le'ma-tus), a. 
Pertaining to the Phylactolsemata, or having 
their characters, 
phyla, . Plural of phyle. 
bruised leaves of P. Conaini are there used to stupefy flsh. 
(Compare Piscidia.) Many species are cultivated under 
the name leaf-flower, from the blooming leaf-like branch- 
es, or cladodia. (See cut under cladode.) The snow-bush, 
cultivated for its white flowers, is P. ninalis, native of the 
New Hebrides. Many others are cultivated as ornamental 
evergreen shrubs under the names of Emblica and Xylo- 
base of the corolla, and fruit consisting of two 
pyriform indehiscent carpels. The only species Is 
a native of the Canaries and the island of Madeira. It 
bears opposite or whorled, broadly lanceolate leaves, stip- 
ules united with the petioles into a sheath, and numerous 
minute whitish flowers in panicles, with thread-like erect 
stems, nodding in fruit. It is cultivated as a hardy ever- 
green, sometimes -under the name of bastard hare'8-ear 
(which see, under hare'i-ear). 
'= F. phylKthe (for "phyl- 
' Gr. 0ii/./Ur>7f, of 
D .__ D leaf: see phyl- 
lary.] One of the names given to clay-slate or 
argillaceous schist. It was introduced by Naumann 
a s a substitute for the pAi/iiade of D'Aubuisson. It is little 
use d by authors writing in English. By some later lithol- 
OK j s t g nhtillite has been used as the equivalent of ottre- 
iae slate a schistose rock containing fine lamellic of the 
. mineral ottrelite. 
phylla, the latter a numerous group of woody-branched pvii.-toa (fi li'tey) w TNL see nhvllite ~\ 
shrubs with orange-red flowers, chiefly from the West In- rnyllltes (n- tez;, n. I M pnyiini.j 
dies. For other species, see Otaheite gooseberry (under A name under which a great variety Ot 
gooseberry), seaside laurel (under laurel, 3), and emblie my- leaves have been placed, in regard to whose 
robalan (under myrobalan). The last produces an edible affinities nothing definite was known, 
fruit, used for preserves and in dyeing and tanning, and .,,... , fl ,../.'? ^ r< nhulliff + if ~\ Hav- 
long famed as an astringent medicine (but not now so pnyllltlC (n-l , Ik), . ^ pnyilt. 
used), and a durable wood, used for implements, building, ing the charac- 
and furniture in India and Burma. P. distichus of Java 
also bears an edible fruit, used for pickling. 
phyllary (fil'a-ri), n.; pi. phyllaries (-riz). [< 
NLi.phyllarium,( Gr. (fniMdpiov, a leaflet, dim. of 
= "L. folium, a leaf : see foil 1 .] In bot.. 
ters of phyllite, 
or composed of 
that rock. 
one of the leaflets forming the involucre of 
composite flowers. 
Generallytheslates 
are schistose, phyllit- 
i<\ and chiastolitic. 
Nature, XXXIX. 31. 
phylarch (fi'lark), n. [ F. phylarque, < L. phyllidia, n. Plural of phyllidinm. Phyllium (fil'i- 
phylarchus, < Gr. Qidapxof, chief 'of a tribe, < Phyllidiobranchiata (fi-lid // i-o-brang-ki-a'ta), urn), . [NL., < 
a tribe (see phyle), + apxetv, rule.] In n.pl. [NL., < phyllidium + L. branchiee, gills : Gr. MAtff, dim. 
ancient Greece, the chief or head of a tribe; see branchiate.] A suborder of palliate or tec- of ^t'vUov, a leaf: 
in Athens, the commander of the cavalry of a tibranchiate opisthebranchiate gastropods, in see phytlary.] A 
tribe, the ten phylarchs being under the orders which the ctenidia are replaced by lateral la- genus of orthop- 
of the two state hipparchs, the commanders- mellar functional gills. It contains the lim- terous insects be- 
iu-chief of the cavalry. pets only. See Patellidse. longing to the 
phylarchy (fi'lar-ki), n. ; pi. phylarchies (-kiz). phyllidiobranchiate (fi-lid"i-o-brang'ki-at), a. family Phasnri- 
[= F. phylarchie, < Gr. 0uAap;rm, the office of Pertaining to the Phyllidiobranchiata, or hav- dx. and popular- 
phylarch, < ^Wuap^of, a phylarch: see phylarch.] ing their characters, as a limpet. ly known by the 
nsect (Phylliam fulchrffoliMml, 
female, reduced. 
