Phyllium 
nanie of \6af-4n8eCt8 or ir/tllii/if -liil/'tx. Sunn- of 
thrill haver whig -covi'issorliis.'ly n-i-i nitilliiK thi' li 
plants that thi-y ar. . a-ih mistaken fur the vc-^, t;.|jh |,n,- 
cliiclimis around tin-in. The i%'s, I"". hear n I'lmmis ir 
semblance t<i tile seeds of plants. Tliry arc fur Hi. must 
part natives of the East Indies, Australia, and Smith 
America. The males have long anteniup and wing, and 
can fly ; the females have short antennae, and are Incapa- 
Illi-of'llight. 
phyliobranchia 1 (fil--l>rang'ki-ii). . : pi. /</////- 
tobraiushue (-<"). l< <ir. fvMov, leaf, + flpa^X' a 
(L. brain-Ilia:, sing, branrhin), gills: see 
chise.] One of the lamellar or foliaceous gills 
of crustaceans. 
In the prawns and shrimps, in Ut-hia ami I'allianassa, 
in all the Anomura and llrachyura, the gills an- jilit/U"- 
tmnehiir. Huxley, I'TOC. Zool. Soc., 1H78, p. 777. 
Phyllobranchia-lfil-o-brang'ki-ii), n.pl. [XL., 
< Gr. <pii/Anv, leaf, +' ftpa-jxta, gills: see briin- 
clii.T.] A division of crustaceans, containing 
those decapods which are pliyllobranchiate. 
phyllobranchial (nl-o-brang ; ki-al), a. [< /</-//'- 
lolirinichin- + -nl.] Lamellar or foliaceous, as 
gills: of or pertaining to phyllobranehio). 
phyllobranchiate (lil-o-brang'ki-at), . [< 
liJii/ll<>t-ini/-liiii- + -ate 1 .] Having phyllobran- 
chiie, as a crab. 
phylloclade (fil'o-klad). n. Same as pkylhela- 
tlill III . 
phyllocladium (fil-o-klii'di-um), n. ; \>l. /iln/l- 
/iifliiilin (-ii). [NL.,'< Gr. fyrttjuv, leaf, + XAMof, 
branch.] In but., a stem or branch which as- 
sumes the functions of foliage. The broad, 
succulent steins of the Caetneex are familiar 
examples. 
phyllocyanin (fil-o-si'a-nin), . [< Gr. ^{vOW, 
leaf, + K/'avof, blue: see cyaiiine.] See chloro- 
iihyl. 
phyllocyst (fil'o-sist), n. [< Gr. qi'Uw, leaf, 
+ KiaTtf, bladder: see cyst.] A cyst or cavity 
in the hydrophyllium of certain oceanic hydro- 
zoans. See cut under dipkyzo&id. 
phyllocystic (h'1-o-sis'tik). a. [< phyllitcyxl + 
-i>.] Pertaining to or having the character of 
a phvllocyst. 
phyllode (fil'od), . [= Y.phyllode, ( NL.p7i.vJ- 
lixlium: see phyllodium.] Same as phyllodium. 
phyllodia, n. Plural of phyllodium. 
phyllodineous (fil-o-diii'e-us), a. [(phyllodium 
+ -in + -eoiix.] In bot., resembling or belong 
ing to a phyllodium. 
phyllodiniation (fil-o-din-i-a'shon), n. [( iihi/l- 
lodiin'oiiK + -i-ittioii.]' In hot., the state of being 
phyllodineous ; the formation of twig-like parts 
instead of true leaves. It. Brown. 
phyllodium (fi-16'di-um), n. ; pi. phyllodia (-&). 
[NL., < Gr. 0i)A/t<ju>/p, like leaves, rich in leaves, 
< ipi'A&ov, leaf, + fldof, form.] In 
bot., a petiole which usurps the 
form and function of a leaf- 
blade, as in many species of 
Anifia. It has usually been further 
distinguished from a true blade by the 
statement that it normally presents 
the edges instead of the faces to the 
earth and sky ; but recent investigation 
proves that this does not always hold 
good, since some undoubted phyllodia 
are not vertical, but are dorsiventrally 
placed, like true leaves. The South 
American Oxalis bttpleurtfolia is an ex- 
ample. Also phylludt. See also cut 
under petiole. 
Phyllodoce(fi-lod'o-se), . [NL. 
(Brown, 1756), < L. Phyllodoce, 
a sea-nymph, daughter of Ne- 
reus a<id Doris ; no correspond- 
ing Gr. form appears.] 1. A genus of oceanic 
hydro/.oans of trie family Phyeqpkorida. Also 
44C.1 
phyllogenous (Pi-loj'e-nuH), . [< Gr. 
leaf. + -,<iy, |iriiiliicing: see -1/1 inni.t. ] Grow- 
ing upon leaves. 'rii"lll'is, Meil. Diet. 
Phylloglossum(fil-o-glos'um), ii. [NL. (Kun/.e. 
lS4:i), < Gr. fbMm, leaf, + f/JJaan, tongue.) 
A peculiar monotypic genus of plants of the 
natural order Lyeopodiacetl. They are acauleicent 
plants, with a basal rosette of from six to nine lini-ar-suhu. 
late leaves, and a pi-dinu'lcii spikr cru ilnl itli it-inform 
one-celled two-valved sjHiraitKia, each stihtencled by a cus- 
pidate bract. /'. Dnmmummi, the only species, la found 
in Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and New Zealand. 
phylloid (fil'oid), a. f_= F. pliiflliHili, < Gr. 
"^v>JMet6>K, contr. ^V^MTK, leaf-like, < ifi'/'/nr, 
leaf, + eMof, form.] Leaf-like; foliaceous. 
Also /iln///iiiilious. 
phylloideous (fi-loi'de-us), . [< ]>hi/lioiil + 
-I mix. ] Same us phylinid. 
phyllomania (ul-o-ma'ni-ii), n. [NL., < Gr. 
i.H/'/jiv, leaf, + /lavia, madness (see niniiin). Cf. 
Gr. (jwhto/uivf'iv, ruTi wildly to leaf.] In hot., 
the production of leaves in unusual numbers 
or in unusual places, 
phyllome (fil'om), n. [< Gr. ^r/Tu/ua, leafage, 
foliage, < QvMovv, clothe with leaves, < tyi'tJjni 
= L. folium, leaf: see foil 1 .] In bot., the leaf 
in all its modifications; foliage. Also phyl- 
IIIIIHI. 
We call foliage leaves, tendrils, and anthers In their 
various adaptations, metamorphosed leaves or phyllutnet. 
DcBary, Fungi (trans. X P. 266. 
Phyllomedusa (fil'6-me-du'sa), n. [NL. (Wag- 
ler), < Gr. tf>Mov, lent, + NL. (L.) Medusa.'] 
Phyllorhininae 
tlie terminal bud or growing-point in a palm. 
Also plll/lllM/l->l. 
phyllopnorous (ti-lofo-rns), . [< (ir. Qffljyu- 
/(..;. liearin^' leave*. < ,,i//w, leaf, + (tifpciv = E. 
//'.) 1. I, eiif-bearing; producing leaves. 
2. In ;<iiil., having foliaceousor leaf-like parts 
or organs; specifically, provided with a nose- 
Nat', as a bat. 
Phyllopneuste (ti'-op-nn'stc), . See riu/n<>ji- 
phyllopod (lil'o-poil), ii. and (i. [< NL. *pliyl- 
lii/inx (-IHII!-), < (Ir. ffMav. leaf, 4- voi'f (voi-) 
Pftyllamednsa tfitoli 
Phyllodium (a) 
of /.,'.:,( ttettro- 
Lesson, 1843. 2. The typical ge- 
nus of I'ln/llixloeithe. P. riridis is the palolo, 
also, however, placed in the genus Lyxidi<-<; 
and now in I'ahlo. 
Phyllodocidae (fil-o-dos'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
J'/iylloitoce + -idir.] A family of polyeha?tous 
annelids, having the parapodia modified as 
swimming-plates by a widening of the ends of 
the separated or fused parapodia. or of their 
cirri : typified by the genus I'hyllodnce. They 
are known as Iraf-bfariinj ii'iiniix. 
phyllody (nl'o-di), . '[< Gr. ^vUMm, like 
leaves: see j)//(/Wo<h).] In but., the condition 
in which true leaves are substituted for some 
other organ that is. in which other organs are 
metiimorphosed into green leaves. This condi- 
tion may occasionally occur in bracts, the calyx, corolla, 
ovules, pistils, and stamens. Called frvndeK&ue by En- 
gelmann, and phyllamorphy by Morren. 
phyllogen (fil'o-jen), . [< Gr. ^(.<X/oi>, leaf, + 
-,'"'Wi producing: see -gen.] Same as 
The typical genus of Fhyllomedu&idx, having 
apposable digits, so that the feet can be used 
for grasping. There are several species, as P. 
bicolor of South America. 
Phyllomedusidae (fil'o-me-du'si-de), . pi. 
[NL. (Gunther), < Phyllomedusa + -idae.] A 
family of salient anurous Batrachia, typified by 
the genus Pltyttamednsa. They have free platydactyl 
digits, maxillary teeth, ears perfectly developed, parotoids 
present, and sacral apophyses dilated. The family is now 
usually merged in Hylidtr. 
phyllomic (fi-lom'ik), a. [< pliyllome + -it.] 
In hot., of the nature of a phyllome; resem- 
bling a phyllome. Nature, XXXIV. 17. 
phyllomorphy (fil'o-mor-fi), H. [< Gr. <j>i'Mm>, 
leaf, + [mpQr/, form!] Same as pliyllody. Also 
l>h i/lliimorphosis. 
Phyllophaga ( fi-lof 'a-ga), n. pi. [NL. (Hartig, 
1837), < Gr. ^i'X/ov, leaf, + ipayeiv, eat.] 1. In 
en torn.: (a) A series of securiferous hymenop- 
terous insects, including the saw-flies or Ten- 
tJiredinidee. They have the trochantere two-jointed, an- 
terior tibiae two-spurred, abdomen connate with the tho- 
rax, and the ovipositor formed of two saws which are al- 
ternately protruded. (6) A section of lamellicorn 
beetles which are leaf-eaters, as the chafers, 
conterminous with Macleay's two families Ano- 
/ilni/iKi/liiilie and Afelolonthidie. Latrcilte. Also 
riiylltililiui/i. 2. In mammal., a group of eden- 
tates corresponding to the Bradypoda, or sloths. 
(hri'ii, 1S4L'. 
phyllophagan (fi-lof 'a-gan), . [< Phyllophaga 
+ -aw.J A member ofnie I'liyllojutaga, in either 
sense. 
phyllophagous (fi-lof'a-gus), a. [= F. phyllo- 
phage, < Gr. tyi'Mov, leaf, 4- ^ayflv, eat.] Leaf- 
eating ; feeding on leaves ; of or pertaining to 
the Phi/llnpliii<iii or Pliyllophagi. 
phyllop'hore (fil'o-for), n. [< Gr. ifivVjxtffxx;, 
bearing leaves: see phyltupltorou*.] In but.. 
= E. fun!.] I. ii. Having foliaceous feet; hav- 
ing the limbs expanded and flattened like 
leaves; specifically, of or pertaining to the 
li. a- A crustacean of the order Phyllnpoda. 
Phyllopoda (M-lop'o-dS), n. pi. [NL.: see 
lilii/lin/Mid.] 1. An order of entomostracous 
crustaceans, the leaf-footed crustaceans, some- 
times forming (with Ostracopoda and Cladiin-- 
ra) a suborder of Branchiojwda. in Latrellle's 
classification the phyllopods were a section of his bran- 
chlopods, corresponding to the modem order of Phyllo. 
poda, and divided into (a) Ceratophthalma, with the gen- 
era Limnadia and EMrria (composing the modern fam- 
ily Ksthrriidtr) and Artemia and Branehipu* (the modem 
family Braiuhipudidx), and (6) Anridophora, with the gen- 
era Apia and Lepiduna (the modern family Apodida or 
Apwidtr). The feet In phyllopods are very variable in 
number, and those of the locomotory series are membra- 
nous or foliaceous, as implied in the name. Excepting in 
Branchipodids, the Inxly bears a very large carapace, 
which in the Limnadiidx takes the form of a bivalve shell 
with a hinge, closed by adductor muscles, into which the 
legs can be withdrawn. But this carapace is not a cepha- 
lothorax as Is usual in crustaceans. Two pairs of antenna' 
are usually present. The mouth-parts are a pair of man- 
dibles, two pairs of maxilla?, and in some forms a pair of 
i n.ixi 1 1 i] wds. Phyllopods hatch from the egg in the nan ji 
lias stage ; in some of them parthenogenesis occurs, and 
the eggs are notable for their ability to withstand desicca- 
tion without losing their vitality. Phyllopods Inhabit 
chiefly fresh-water ponds, sometimes swarming In vast 
numbers. The species of Arttmia, as A. galina, are known 
as brine-shrimps. The phyllopods are an old type, going 
back to the Devonian, and have some resemblance to tri 
lobites. See cuts under Apia, Estheriidtc, and Limnetit. 
2. In conch., in J. E. Gray's classification (1821), 
one of several orders of Conchophora, contain- 
ing dimyarian bivalve mollusks naving the foot 
lamellar or elongate. 
phyllopodal (fi-lop'o-dal), a. [< phyllopod + 
-at.] same as phyllopocl. Claus, quoted in En- 
cyc. Brit., VI. 650, note. [Rare.] 
phyllopodan (fi-lop'o-dan), a. and . [< phyl- 
lopod + -an.] Same us phyllopod. 
phyllopode (fil'o-pod), . [< Gr. fiMov, leaf, 
+ JTOI'T (jro<5-) = E. foot. Cf. phyllopod.] In 
bot., the dilated sheathing-base of the frond of 
Ixoetes, an organ analogous to the petiole of 
a leaf. It is nollowed into a pouch which in- 
closes the sporangium. .7. Gay. 
phyllopodiform (fil-o-pod'i-fdrm), a. [< NL. 
"phyllopus (-pod-), a phyllopod, + L. forma, 
form.] Resembling or related to a phyllopod. 
Kncvc. Brit., VI. 650. 
phyllopodous (fi-lop'6-dtis), a. [(phyllopod + 
-oim.] Same as phyflopod. 
Phyllopseuste (fil-op-sus'te), n. [NL. (Meyer, 
1815), also Phyllojixeuxtfit (Gloger, 1834), also, 
appar. by a typographical error long afterward 
current, Phyllopneuatc (Boie, 1828), and Phyl- 
lopneustes (Bonaparte, 1838); appar. so called 
from some deceptive similarity to leaves ; < Gr. 
^i'XAov, leaf, + Y" e|1<TT W> a liar, cheat, as adj. 
false, ( tyeijoeiv, deceive, cheat, tyei'SfoQai, lie.] 
An extensive genus of small warblers of the 
family Sylriida, now commonly called Phyl- 
loscopus. See cut under Phylloscopug. 
phylloptosis (fil-op-to'sis), w. [NL., < Gr. <pi'l- 
%av, leaf, + fl-nja/c, a falling, ( vmrtiv, fall.] In 
bot.. the fall of the leaf. 
Phyllorhina (fil-o-ri'nii), . [NL. : seenhyllo- 
rhine.] The typical genus of horseshoe-bats of 
the family Jlhinolophidie and subfamily Phylln- 
rhininee, containing about 20 species which have 
the leaf not lanceolate behind and not covering 
the nostrils. They have 1 incisor, 1 canine, 1 or 2 pre- 
molars, and 3 molars in each upper half-jaw, and 2 incisors, 
1 canine, 2 premolare, and 3 molars In each under half-jaw. 
See cut on following page. 
phyllorhine (fil'o-rin), a. and w. [< NL. 'phyl- 
liii-hinHs, prop, 'phyllorrhintis, ( Gr. ft'Uov, leaf , 
+ fa (fttv-), nose.] I. a. Having a nose-leaf, 
as a bat; specifically, of or pertaining to the 
I'hi/llorhinime. 
li. n. A bat of the subfamily Phyllorhininse. 
Phyllorhininse (fil'o-ri-ni'ne), . pL [NL., < 
riii/lliniiiiiii + -ins.] A subfamily of leaf-nosed 
bats of the family Khinolophida', typified bv 
the genus Pliyllnrliiiia, having the toes with 
only two phalanges apiece, and the iliopec- 
