phylloxera-mite 
4483 
Phymatidae (fi-nmt'i-dej, n. pi. [NL. (Amyot 
and Serville. IK4:i), < Plii/mntii + -nl;i.\ ' A 
family of raptorial lieteropterons insects, typi- 
fied by the genus Pliyumtii, belonging to the 
coreoid series, and forming a connect ing-link 
with the retluvioids. It contains six genera. 
Most of the species are tropical or subtropi- 
cal. 
phyogemmaria (fi'o-je-ma'ri-ii i, n. pi. [NL., 
< (ir. or/,, growth (< Qi-rntiat, grow), -I- L. gi in- 
niii, bud: see gi-iiiiiiiiry.] The small gonoblas- 
tids or reproductive buds of some physopho- 
ran hyilrozoans, as the I'clrllitlec, 
phyogemmarian (fi o-.ie-mii'ri-an), . [< phy- 
III/IIIIIHIIIIII + -IIII.] Of or pertaining to 
Shielded 1'hylloxcr.i mite ! Itoflofhtrra arctata . 
a, b, c, d. t, different attitudes assumed by it ; f. Ictf, highly magnified 
nus are now known to bflimsj to Tyrof/typhuit. The fig- 
ures show the initc in this stage, in several positions. 
phylloxerated (li-lok'se-rii-tedl, n. [< I'/ii/lln.i-- 
era + -ale'* + -til-.] Infested with phylloxera 1 . 
phylloxeric (fil-ok-ser'ik), a. [< J'hyllorerii + 
-<!.] Of or pertaining to the phvlloxera or 
grape-louse. Kiliiiliiirijli l!i-i\, CLXlV. 37K. 
Phylloxerinae (fi-lok-s'o-ri'ne), . pi. [NL., < 
Phylloxera + -ina'.] A subfamily of Aphidida, 
typified by the genus Plii/lliu'i-rii ; the vine- 
pests. See ('In run. fins'. 
phylloxerize (fi-lok'se-riz), e. t. ; pret. and pp. 
fwyttoxerited, i>pr. pkyfUxMriiing. [< Phylloxera 
+ -4ze.~\ To contaminate or infect with phyl- 
loxerse. 
phyllulat (fi-lu'la), n. [NL., < Gr. ^vUov, leaf, 
+ oW.ty, scar.] In oot., the scar left on a branch 
by the fall of a leaf. 
phylogenesis (fi-lo-jen'e-sis). . [NL., < Gr. 
<t>v/j>v, <jiv'Ai/, a race, tribe (see phyle, phylum), + 
ylveotf, origin : see genesis.] Same as phylogeny. 
phylogenetic (fi*lo-je-net'ik), a. [< phylogene- 
sis, after genetic.] i-iame as phylogcnic. Hux- 
ley, Anat. Invert., p. 43. 
phylogenetically (fi''lo-je-net'i-kal-i), ndr. Ac- 
cording to the doctrine or principle of phylo- 
genesis; by means of phylogeny. 
phylogenic (fi-lo-jen'ik), a. [< phyliM/eii-i/ + 
-jc.] Of or pertaining to phylogeny, as distin- 
guished from initni/i ny. Also phylogenetic. 
phylogeny (fi-loj'e-ni), . [= F. pliylogcnie, < 
Gr. <j>v?<ev, <t>v/J/, a tribe, + -yeveta, < -ycvifa, pro- 
ducing: see -geny.~] That branch of biology 
which attempts to deduce the ancestral history 
of an animal or a plant from its ontogeny or 
individual developmental metamorphoses; tri- 
bal history: opposed to ontogeny, or the origin 
and development of individual organisms. Also 
_ _yloptera (fi-lop'te-rS), n. pi. [NL. (Pack- 
ard), ' Gr. ^i'/ov, <t>vMt, a tribe, + ^repov, wing.] 
A superorder of hexapod insects, including the 
orders Neuropteru, Pseudoneuroptera, Orthop- 
li i-ii. and l>i nnatoptera. 
phylopterous (I'l-lop'te-rus), . Pertaining to 
the J'lit/liipti'ni, or naving their characters. 
phylum (fi'lum), n. ; pi. phyla (-la). [NL., < 
Gr. QV'AUV, (jivM/, a tribe: see phyle."] 1. Any 
primary division or subkingdom of the animal 
or vegetable kingdom. Cuvier recognized four ani- 
mal types which would now be called phyla : the Radiata, 
MoUuxca, Articulata, and Vertebrate. Zoologists now rec- 
ognize nt least seven such phyla: (1) Protozoa, (2) Cceten- 
terata, (8) Echinodennata, (4) Vermei, (ft) Arthropoda, (6) 
Mollusca, (7) Vertebrata. The main branches of a phylum 
are called nubphyla. 
2. The graphic representation of the evolu- 
tion of one or several forms of animal life by 
descent with modification from preexisting an- 
cestors, on the principle of the construction of 
a genealogical table or "family tree.'' 
Phymata (fi-ma'ta), n. [NL. (Latreille, 1802), 
< Gr. Qi'/ia (<f>vfiar-), a 
tumor (< Qvhv, produce, 
Qreaffat, grow), -r -?!.] 
The typical genus of 
PliymatidiT, having very 
broad curved fore fem- 
ora, of raptorial charac- 
ter, p. erosa or 7". witlj/i is a 
common North American bug 
of curious form and green- 
ish-yellow color, handed and 
spotted with black, found on 
goldenrod and various other Phymata trasa. 
plants of meadows and gar- 
dens, preying on the insects which come to collect honey 
or pollen. The species abound in tropical and subtropi- 
cal America. 
Physa tiVsji), . [NL., < Gr. fvoa, a 
pair of bellows, breath, wind.] Alarge 
genus of pond-snails or fresh-water 
gastropods of the family l.inimi iil.-i . 
or made type of the Phynidir, having 
the shell sinistral. There are many spe- 
cies, found on aquatic plants in ponds, as /'. 
fimlinali* of Europe and /'. hetertmtntpha of 
America. The genus was named by Draparnaud in 1801. 
Physalia (fi-sa'li-a), . [NL. (Lamarck, 1819), 
(. Gr. *$vaa)if, <j>i-aa'/.).if, a blad- 
der: see Phytuilix.] 1. The 
typical genus of Pli yxtili i<l;i . 
These oceanic hydrozoans, known as 
Portuguese rrun-iif-war, are remark- 
able for their size, brilliancy, and 
powerof urticating. There isalaige 
oblong crested float which buoys the 
animal up, from which hang many 
processes, some of which attain i 
length of 12 feet or more in Indi- 
viduals whose float is only a few 
inches long. P. atlantica urpelaijica 
is an example. 
2. [?. c.] A member of this 
genus. 
physalian (fi-sa'li-an), . and 
M. I. a. Pertaining to the ge- 
nus Physalia, or having its 
characters. 
II. n. A member of the ge- 
nus Phi/salia. 
Physaliida (fis-a-li'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Phy- 
xi 1 1 ia + -idle. ] A family of oceanic hydrozoans 
of the order Siphonophora and suborder Phi/so- 
phora, represented by the genus Phyaatia. The 
family is sometimes raised to the rank of a sub- 
order. Also Phyxalidte, Physaliadse. 
Physalis (fis'a-lis), n. [NL. (Linnwus, 1737), < 
Gr. *<j>vaaAif, prop. ifn>aa/Mc, some plant with 
a bladder-like husk or calyx (prob. Phymitis 
Allcekengi), < Qvoa/Mc., a bladder, < tyvaav, blow, 
blow up, puff, < (jtvaa, a pair of bellows: see 
Physa.] A genus of herbaceous plants, of the 
gamopetalous order Solanaceee and tribe So- 
laiiese, characterized by the five-angled, broadly 
bell-shaped corolla, and the five- or ten-angled 
bladdery fruiting calyx remotely inclosing the 
much smaller globose berry. There are about so 
species, mainly American, especially in Mexico (17 in the 
I'nited states). They are hairy or clammy annuals or 
perennials, with sinuate leaves, and rather iarge flowers, 
solitary in the axils, violet, yellow, or white, often with 
a purple eye, and with yellow or violet anthers. Some 
yellow-flowered species have been cultivated for orna- 
ment. The two white-flowered species, once much cul- 
tivated in the United States for their edible berries, under 
the name of strawberry-tomato (which seeX are P. Alke- 
kenffi, the winter-cherry of the south of Europe, with red 
berry and calyx (see alkckenyi and bladder-herb), and P. 
Peruciana, with yellow berries (see aUceTcengi, winter- 
cherry (a) (under cherry), and bladder-herb). Among the 
native American species, all commonly known as ground- 
cherry, the berries of /'. nniritlata are considered edible, 
and those of /'. vincosa are strongly diuretic. 
physalite (fis'a-lit). n. [= F. physalite, < Gr. 
'<t>vaa/.if, prop. fMMJUf, a bladder, + -ite*.] A 
coarse, nearly opaque variety of topaz. Also 
called jii/i'oplii/xiilite. 
Physaraceae (fls-a-ra'se-e), n. pi. [NL. (Ros- 
tatinski, 1875), < "Physiirum + -ace&.] A fam- 
ily of myxomycetous fungi, named from the ge- 
nus Physariim. They have the capillitium (with the 
tube) delicate, reticulate, hyaline, or pellucid, and the 
columella is small or wanting. 
Physarum (hVa-rum), n. [NL. (Persoon), < 
Gr. (fvaapiov, dim. of <pi'oa, a pair of bellows : see 
I'lii/na.] A genus of myxomycetous fungi, giv- 
ing name to the family Physaracrie. The perid- 
innt is composed of a simple or double membrane which 
dehisces irregularly. Sixty species are known. See/airy 
ring, under fairy. 
Physcia (fis'i-a), n. [NL. (Fries, 1825), < Gr. 
(4i'<7/o7, a sausage, a blister, < <t>vaav, blow up, < 
<j>i>aa, a pair of bellows, breath, wind: see Phij- 
mi.] A large genus of parmeliaceous lichens, 
with a foliaceous cartilaginous thallus. scntelli- 
form apothecia, and el lipsoid, usually bilocular 
Physeteridae 
brown spores. Several of the species are used 
in the arts for coloring, etc. 
physcioid (fis'i-oid), '/. [< Phyxi-in + -mil.] Be- 
longing to or 1' the ^'elllls /'Ili/xi'ill. 
Physcomitrieae (tis k..-nii-tri'f-e), n. ;/. [XL., 
< riii/^i'iniiiiiiiiiii + -in-.] A tribeof bryac( ens 
mosses, named from the genus I'liii^i'iimiti mm . 
I IK y are short soft plants with relatively large leaves and 
a usually oomaooi "i j;ililKJu capsule. 'I In- |>- iistome Is 
absent, (r has 10 tfclli. 
Physcomitrium nis-ko-niit'i-i-nm), . [XI.. 
(Hridel, ISiMi), < (Jr. ijifikia;, something inflated. 
+ /iiT/iim; a little cup, dim. of /itr/ia, a cap, mi- 
ter: see miter. ~\ A genus of mosses, giving 
name to the tribe AyMOMftffMh They are 
simple or sparingly branched plants, with pyri- 
fonri capsule anil no peristoine. See cut under 
mi h tl'itnii. 
physematifi-se'mii),/'. [NL.. < (ir. oifi//. that 
which is blown, a bubble, < <f-nnr, blow, blow 
up, < Qi'aa, a pair of hollows, breath, wind : see 
l'lii/.in.] 1. A mock pearl; an empty bubble in- 
stead of pearl. A". Phillip*, 17(Xi. $5. The resin 
of the pine-tree. !'.. Pliillipx. 3. .\ swelling 
or puffing in any part of the body. K. Phillip*. 
Physemaria (lis-e-nnl'ri-ii), H. pi. [NL., < (ir. 
tfim/fia, a bubble : see phynema.'] A group formed 
by Haeckel for the reception of two genera of 
low metazoic animals, Hiiliplii/srinn and (;</>- 
trophyttf ma, which had been confounded partly 
with the sponges and partly with the protozo- 
ans. The validity of the group has been denied. 
physemarian t lis-e-ma'n-an), . and M. [< Pliy- 
si iiuiriii + -'in.] I. . Of or pertaining to the 
Physemaria. lltuicy. 
ll. n. A member of the Phynenuiria. 
physeter (fi-se'ttr), H. [= F. phuxetere = 8p. 
flse tcr, Jusetera, < L. physeter, < Gr. ^imrriip, a 
blowpipe, a kind of whale, < <j>vaav, blow, < <fi>aa, 
a pair of bellows, wind: see Phijsa.'] 1. A 
sperm-whale or cachalot. 
When on the surges I perceine from far 
Th' Ork, Whirl-pool, Whale, or huffing Pliyteter. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, L 5. 
2. [cap.'] [NL.] The typical genus of Physe- 
terinte, containing the ordinary large sperma- 
ceti-whales, or cachalots. The head ia very large, 
truncate In front, and about one third of the total length 
Pmx 
Top (A), Bottom (B), and Side (C) of Skull of Fetal Sperm-whale or 
CtCMm(PtowAr). AM, auditory; B O. basioccipital ; EC, exoccipi- 
tal ; Kill, ethmoid : Fr. frontal ; 'Jtu, jugal (displaced behind in fig. 
C); Mm. mandible : MX. maiilla ; A' S" , nasal openings, the bone* 
not represented : />.-. rmx. premaxillaries of right and left sides 
(unsymmetrical; ; Pa, parietal; PI. palatine: ft, pterygoid ; Sf, 
squamosal ; So, supraoccipital : /V, vonier; flS, basisphenoid : AS, 
alisphenoid. 
of the body ; the blow. hole is near the edge of the snout ; 
and the brain-cavity is declivous. /'. inacrnfephalus is 
the common cachalot, from which spermaceti is obtained. 
Also called Catodon. See also cut under Caledonia. 
Physeteridae (tis-e-ter'i-de), n. pi. [NL.. < 
Physeter + -Ma?.] 1. A family of existent del- 
phinoid Cetaeea, of the group Dflphinoidea, hav- 
ing functional teeth in the lower jaw only, and 
the skull strongly asymmetrical. To this family 
belong the sperm-whales'proper (Physeteri>ar\ and such 
forms as the bottle-nosed whale (Hypertnidun). 
2. In stricter use, a family of sperm-whales, 
typified by the genus Phyxcter, and containing 
the subfamilies Physeteritix and Koijiinte, or 
ordinary and pygmy sperm-whales. They have 
the head 'neither rostrate nor marginate ; the snout high 
toward the front and projecting beyond the mouth; the 
skull high behind or retrorsely convex: the supraoccipi- 
tal bone projecting forward laterally to or beyond the ver- 
