physicist 
I do not think there is a doubt ill the mind ot any emu 
jn lent /,/,y\<>,V< ui physiologist that the wurk .lone in lift- 
ing the weight "f the arm is Hie mechanical e.jii ivalent .if 
a certain pr,i|nirli f the energy set free by Hie molecu- 
lar changes which take place in tin- muscle. 
Uujcli'ti, N ineteenUi Century, XXI. 495. 
2. In liinl., one who seeks to explain funda- 
mental vital phenomena 
I 1(15 
of Hie slate shoiilil ln> raised li> 11 direct tax on 
liin.l. Also culled iilii/xiorrnlisi.!. 
physiocrat (li/.'i-o-krat), n. [<. (ir. ninn, na- 
ture, + K/taTcii: rule: see pkfttMraef'l O* 16 
who advocates the iloctrines of physiocracy ; 
specifically, one of a group of French pliilos- 
physiography 
Mii*tn ; as i>liysi<M/inii-y + -ist.] 
i nc skilled in 
physiognomy, (a) One who Judge* of the disposition 
nr .^llalil iesnf I he inili'l liy iibservalinu "t thr , mini.-! 
(6) One h tells lortiiiicH tiy scrutiny of tlie lace. 
A certai 
on.-ly u|H)i 
A certain phyriuuin'ini'i, "t t.-II.-r iif fortune liy looking 
)ii tin- l:ir' ui IIM ii ;ui'l "omen. 
, tr. "f 1'liny, xxxv. 10. 
miz), r. t. ; pret.and 
upon purely physical "I*""''* "'"' political economists, tollowers ol physfognoniize (fiy.-i-og'no-: 
or chemical ji'rinciples: one who holds that life Krancois (^lesnay (16 > r * ,,/,..,. ,,f, ,,,, r . phygiogOmttin. 
is a form of ener-v due simply to molecular prominence in Hi- latter hi I the eighte. titli ,,.;;, ,, + ., ,.j To practise phygiog- 
movements taking place in the'tiltimate mole- century, and maintained Unit a natural e mstl- nomyupoll .' s,nM,. [Kiire.] 
v* * i ..*: ^., ,,... *-,,! ..... ,1- 1 ut ^- . .1 L>J v,, 1 lit 1- Mm \"l(l tlTlsttlfkt t r .*'. * . "* 
cities of the protoplasm, and capable of corn- 
lation with the ordinary physical and chemical 
forces: opposed to vitaluit. H. A. Xicliolxmi. 
physicky(iiz'i-ki),a. [<physic(k)+-yi.] Like 
physic or drugs. 
Some authors name It cauda pavonis, on account of Its 
inimitable beauty ; the (lowers Inve a /,/,., wi>*]/ smell. 
Grainger, Sugar Cane, I., note 520. 
physic-nut (hVik-nut), . See Jatropha. 
physicochemical (fiz'i-ko-kera'i-kal), a. [< Or. 
(tii-niKiir, physical, + E. chemical.]" Pertaining 
or relating to both physics and chemistry : pro- 
duced by combined physical and chemical ac- 
tion or forces. 
physicologic (fiz''i-ko-loj'ik), n. [< Gr. ^IW/M), 
physics, + 'AoytKij, logic: see logic.] Logic il- 
tutionorordere.xisls in society, the violation of 
which has been the cause of all the evils sntTiriM I 
liy man. A fundamental right derived from this consti- 
tution or order was held to be freedom .if person, of >]iin- 
iini. uf pnipeity. and of contract or exchange. The phj-i 
ocrats regarded limd or raw materials as the sole source of 
weal !h, leaving out of account the elements of labor and 
capital, and denying the dogma of the mercantile system 
that wealth consists In the precious metals. They main- 
tained that, as wealth consisted entirely ill the produce of 
a. [= 
< Gr. jiiounpaKuit, < 
physiognomy : see i>liysii/>iomy.] 
i, . 
s pliyfiiogiiomto. 
physiognomy (li/.-i-OR'no-mi), W.; pi /ilii/xoiii- 
ninnil'X (-miz). [Formerly also iilii-ini/iinm\f, 
also pltlsonomif, jilii/sinmmi/. i>lii/xiiuiitii; jillisno- 
jixniiiiiij, etc. (whence colloi). flii;. <|. v.); 
' 
land, all revenue should be raised by a direct tax on land. < ME. J'l/sniniiiii; Jixiiii< . i-ixiiniiiit' 
+~ -nl.] 
[Rare.] 
Pertaining to physicologi 
They advocated complete freedom of trade and the doc- 
trine of laisser-faire. See phyriocracy. 
There is no other thinker of Importance on economic 
-.ni'jrets in France till the appearance of the physiocrats, 
which marks an epoch in the history of the science. 
Encyc. Brit., XIX. 369. 
Commerce, according to the theory of the physiocratet, 
only transfers already existing wealth from one hand to 
another. W. Rotcher, Pol. Econ. (trans.), 8 49. 
IX >>huxi- physiocratic (fiz*i-o-krat'ik), a. [< physiocrat 
icologic. + -ic.] Of or pertaining to government accord- 
/a, late 
the art 
ing to nature; specifically, of or pertaining to 
- 
physicomathematics (fiz'i -ko-math-e-mat'- "> physiocrats or their doctrines: as, phy*io- 
v rr*? r_ i? .. ,.(/.,;;,,, _!**..-.- m/<<P theories; the nhiitaocratie school of pohti- 
iks), it. [= F. pliysicomatlie'inatique = Il.fisico- 
ni/i/i-miitim, < Gr. fvautn, physics, + ftaBrjuariKii, 
mathematics.] Mixed mathematics. See nmlli- 
crutic theories ; the physiocratic school of politi- 
cal economy. 
It [the mercantile system ] forms the basis of the econom- 
ic ideas of all writers of the eighteenth century who did 
not belong to the phyrioeratie school or to that of Adam 
Smith. Cyc. Pol. Set., II. 827. 
De Gournay, the elder Mtrabeau, Morellet, and Dupont 
.. < OF. iiliisonniuie, jiliytioiinniic, phyxi- 
'iii/iinmi<', F. i>lii/ftioiiontie = Pr. 
Sp. i;*iti>nnia = Pg. pliytioHoiiiia 
mil/. Hniiiii(iini(i,Jixi>ii<tniiti. < ML. ' 
pjtifionomia, iiliisouomin,<. MGr. 
and incorrect form of Gr. fvaio^i' 
of judging a man by his features, 
judging by features, < <t>iai(, nature, + yva/Juv, a 
judge, interpreter: see gnomon.] 1. The art of 
discovering the characteristic qualities of the 
mind or temper by observation of the form and 
movements of the face or body, or both. Also 
physicomental (fiz'i-ko-men'tal), a. [< Gr. 
Qwutof, physical, + E. mental.']" Pertaining to 
physical and mental phenomena or their mu- 
tual relations. 
physicophilosophy (fiz"i-ko-n-los'6-fi), . [< physiocratism (fiz-i-ok'ra-tizm), . 
(Jr. QvatKu, physics, + <t>t)MO<xt>ia, philosophy.] r rat + -irm.] Same as jihysiocracy. 
The philosophy of nature. physiogenesis (fiz'i-o-jen'e-sis), n. 
physicotheological (fiz'i-ko-the-o-loj'i-kal), a. , f? nature, + ytveoif, generation.] 
[< physicotheoltxj-y + -ic-al."] Of or pertaining 
to physios and theology, or to physicotheology. 
In the first case we have the cosmologicul and phyttiro- 
de Nemours are well-remembered names of the physio- 
cratic schooL Pop. Sci. Mo., XXXVI. 481. 
[< phynio- 
[< Gr. <t>l'- 
uature, -t- ftttatc, generation.] Same as 
pliysiogeny. 
physiogenetic (fiz"i-o-je-net'ik), a. [(.pJtftto- 
_ _ _ genexis' (after genetic).] | Same as physiogenic. 
theological proofs of the existence of God ; in the second, phvsioeenic (fiz'i-6-jen'ik), a. [s phi/siogen-y 
the ontological. Adamton, Philos. of Kant. *+'_ ic- f O f or pertaining to physiogeny or phys- 
.v .--*T.-_I /_ vx tv X.VA i iv j ogenes j g . physiological with special reference 
to ontogeny and phylogeny ; evolutionary or de- 
velopmental with reference to physiology, 
physiogeny (tiz-i-oj'e-ni), H. [< Gr. fi-oic, na- 
ture, + -yeveia, < -yevtif, producing: see -geiiy.] 
1. In biol., the genesis of function : the develop- 
ment or evolution of those functions of living 
matter which are the province of physiology. 
2. The science or history of the evolution of 
physicotheology (fiz"i-ko-the-ol'o-ji), n. [< 
(Jr. i/>vaiKa, physics, + 6f<Aoyia, theology.] The- 
ology illustrated or enforced by natural philos- 
ophy. 
physics (fiz'iks), H. [PI. of physic, after Gr. 
ifvaiKo, neut. pi., physics: see physic..] Natu- 
ral philosophy; experimental philosophy; the 
science of the principles operative in inorganic 
nature; the science of forces or forms of energy. 
Before the rise of modern science, physics was usually 
denned as the science of that which is movable, or the 
science of natural bodies. It was commonly made to In- 
clude all natural science. At present, vital phenomena 
are not considered objects of physics, which is divided 
into general and applied physics. General physics In- 
vestigates the general phenomena of inorganic nature, 
determines their laws, and measures their constants. It rjhvsioenomer (fiz-i-og'no-mer), W 
embraces four branches (1) mechanics or dyiuimics, the *" , ,* .__...-/__ 
science of force in general, with extensive mathematical 
developments; (2) the science of gravitation, also main- 
ly mathematical; (3) molecular physics, the study of the 
constitution of matter, and of the forces within and be- 
tween its 
indivisible _- - 
(4) the physics of the ether, being the study of light or ra- 
diation, electricity, and magnetism. Chemistry is for the 
, 
molecules, including elasticity and heat (an T ,-| v _ i,. ( mnTrHo ("fWi-oir nom'ikt a [F vhu- 
subject), cohesion, and chemical forces; and pflySlOgnOmiC (nz IK;, a. L- 
' " Q - *>"" fe- -* H- 
Physiognomy . . . dlscovereth the disposition of the 
mind by the lineaments of the body. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 184. 
2. The face or countenance considered as an 
index to the mind or disposition; particular 
configuration, cast, or expression of counte- 
nance. 
Another I beast) called Aranata, which for the Phymu- 
mie and subtletie seemes to bee a kiude of Ape. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 828. 
Who both in favour and in princely looke. 
As well aa in the mind's true qualltle. 
Doth represent his father's physniimie. 
Mir. for Mags., p. 786. 
Faith, sir, a has an English malnc, but Mtjisnomy Is more 
hotter in France then there. Shak., All's Well, iv. 5. 42. 
Let the idea of what you are be pourtrayed in your face, 
that men may read In yoarphysnomy. 
B. Jonson, Every Man in his Humour, I. 2. 
The end of portraits consists of expressing the true tem- 
per of those persons which it represents, and to make 
known their physiognomy. 
VryAen, tr. of Dufresnoy'a Art of Painting. 
3t. The art of telling fortunes by inspection of 
the features. 
Oer. Let me peruse 
Thy face ; 111 tell myself how thou hast sped : 
Well ; Is 't not so? ... 
Thor. \ourphysiognomy 
Is quite discredited. Shirley, Love in a Maze, 11. 3. 
4. The general appearance of anything, as the 
particular configuration of a landscape; the ex- 
ternal aspect, without reference to other char- 
acteristics. 
The changes produced In the physiognomy of vegetation 
on ascending mountains. 
Batfour, Botany, 1 1158. (Encyc. Diet.) 
Little details gave each field a particular physiognomy, 
dear to the eyes that have looked on them from childhood. 
George Eliot, Middleman:!), xli. 
physiogony (fiz-i-og'9-ni), H. [< Gr. ^I'O'f, na- 
= It. fisotiomico, fisionmnico, < ture, + yovij, generation: see -gony.] The pro- 
functions of living matter. 
Just as ... [morphogeny] first onens the way to a true 
knowledge of organic for 
rms, so will Physiogeny afterwards 
make a true recognition of functions possible, by discover- 
ing their historic evolution. 
aaectel, Evol. of Man (trans.), II. 461. 
_ . [<pkysiog- 
nom-y + -er 1 .] Same as physiognomist. 
You erre, fond physiognomers, that hold 
The Inward minde followes the outward molde. 
Times' Whistle (E. E. T. 8.), p. 23. 
in order to explain the phenomena of the universe. Its 
chief branches are astronomy, geology, and meteorology ; 
to which may be added terrestrial magnetism, mineralogy, 
and some other subjects. 
Physidae (tis'i-de), n. />/. [NL., < Phi/mi + -id*.] 
Also physiog- 
cerning character in the face. 
nomonic. 
From Da Vinci he 
nomic traits of his vii 
Encyc. Brit., XIX. 458. 
tises, physiography. 
XXX. 261. 
e caught one of the marked physiog. physiographic (fiz'i-o-graf'ik), a. [=F.phyi- 
isages, smiles and dimples. oi/i'tijthique = Sp. iisiogrdjico = Pg. ptiysiogra- 
= lt.Jiio<tr<i'tico; as physiograph-y + -ic.] 
o 
yttrSaSB^ftwMwai^ physiognomical (fiz'i-og-nom'i-kal), a. [< phys- feelonging or related to physiography : zphysio^- 
:,! S..-.., ,'._.,. ._ ioanomic + -al. ] Same as )>lii/MO<tiiomtc. graphic description of the earth, or a physio- 
graphicTNOTk, is a physico-geographical descrip- 
tion or work Physiographic geology, nearly the 
same as orotrraphy, or a discussion of the earth's general 
features. Physiographic mineralogy, as the phrase is 
most generally used, nearly or quite the same as acscnp- 
tive mineralogy. The use of this term is rare in English 
lognomic + -al.] Same as physiognomic. 
In long observation of men he may acquire a i _ 
nomical Intuitive knowledge; judge the interiours by the 
outside. Sir T. Browne. 
included in I.immeitlfP. The animal has setifonn ten 
tacles : the jaw is single, and has a fibrous prolongation ; 
the radula has central multicuspid teeth ; and the lateral 
as well as the marginal teeth are pectinate or serriform. 
The shell is slnistral and generally polished. The species physiognomically (fiz"i-Og-nOin'i-kal-i), nilr. 
abound in fresh water in various parts of the world. Ag regards or by means o f physiognomy, Or ac- 
cording to its rules or principles; as to the face. 
Many a rough and tough old sea-commander, who would 
have returned a broadside without flinching, has been 
converted physiot/nomicaMy into an admiral of the blue, 
white, and red, ... on having to reply to a volley of 
thanks. Hood, The Elland Meeting. 
physiform (lis'i-t'orm), a. [< NL. Phyaa, q. v., 
+ L. forma, form.] Having the form of the ge- 
n us i'ln/sa. 
Physinae (fi-si'ne), . pi. [NL., < Phym + -.] 
The I'liyxolfe as a subfamily of Limiueiflir. 
physiocracy (fiz-i-ok'ra-si), u. [< Gr. provf, na- 
ture, + -Kparia, < K/MTCIV, rule.] The economic' 
doctrines and system advocated by the physi- 
ii Al __ 11. _i lil_ _ __'A_'3_ il-.. 
ograph 
physiognomies (fiz'i-og-uom'iks), . 
Courses of lectures bearing connectively on geographical 
and physiographical subjects. The American, VIII. 126. 
[PI. of physiographically (fiz'i-o-graf'i-kal-i), <ulr. 
see -ics.] Same as physiog- As regards physiography; from a physiographic 
oerats; the theory that wealth consists in "the nomu, 1. point of view: as, pkysiogrnphically important, 
products of the soil, that alllabor expended in physiognomist (fiz-i-og'no-mist), n. [= F. physiography (fiz-i-og'ra-fi), n. [= P. physio- 
inanufactmvs and in the distribution of wealth, plnjyionomiste = Sp. Jisiondmisla = Pg. physio- graphic = Sp. fyiografia Pg. physiographia = 
though useful, is sterile, and that the revenue nomista = It. fisonomusta, fisionomista, Jisiogno- lt.fisiografia,<. Gr. QiiJif, nature, + -y^o^ia,< ypa- 
