p 
l. 
physopod 
physopod (fl'so-pod), . and n. [<(ir. nimi. bel- 
lows, -t- -'iff (mxJ-) = K. ./(<(</.] I. '/. H;I\IIIL' 
a sort of sucker on the feel : specifically, of or 
pertaining to tin- I'lii/xii/iiiilii. 
II. a. A member of toe /'A// "/></". 
Physopodat (fi-sop'o-dji). .'/./. |\L.. < (ir. 
0iwn, bellows, + n-orf (mo*-) = E./oot.] Same 
as T/II/XIIIKI/I!/ KI. 
Physospermum (fl-B$-8per'nrom), . [NL. 
(I 'll-isilll. 17^), SCI called with reference to till' 
looseness of Ilic out IT coat of tin' young fruit: 
< (ir. (filaa, bellows, + axr/i/ia, seed : sec */ //. | 
A genus of umbelliferous plants of the tribe 
ImittineieimA subtribe Xmi/nut;t'. distinguished 
by the largo oil-tubes solitary in t heir channels, 
and the very slight ridges on the ovate or com- 
pressed fruit. There are about S species, natives of 
l.iirope ami thr i 'line;! -i!'. I In \ are smooth perennials, 
with ample anil minutely dissertnl leaves, ;unl comiM.iiml 
Hinlirls i>l Tunny white tli.wers with many linear Iiraetsanil 
bracelets. Several aperies ure cultivated for ornament, un- 
<l> ]' lllr lllllin- li/'l'/i /-.<.',',/ 
Physostegia (fi-so-sto'ji-a), . [NL. (Benthain, 
ISl'll), so ciilleil with reference to the enlarged 
and somewhat inflated fruiting calyx; < Or. 
ipi<oa, bellows, + arh/Ti, a roof ivr covering.] A 
genus of erect herbs of the order Lalriatx, the 
mint family, belonging to the tribe Much I/I/I.T 
and subtribe Melittcse, and characterized by 
the broad and five-toothed calyx, long-exserted 
ample corolla-tube, parallel anther-cells, and 
two-flowered spiked verticillasters. There are 8 
speeies, all North American, calleil /nine draijon'g-liead 
(which see, under draijon'n-ht'ad). They are tall arid smooth 
perennials, with narrow toothed leaves, and showy sessile 
pink or tlesli-cnlored flowers, forming one or many dense 
or interrupted terminal spikes. P. Virginiana, the van- 
able eastern species, is often cultivated in gardens. 
Physostigma (fi-sg-stig'ma), . [NL. (Balfonr. 
1861), so called with reference to the bladder- 
like apex of the style; < Gr. <t>iiaa, bellows, + 
ariffta, stigma.] A genus of leguminous plants 
of the tribe Phaseolcse and subtribe Eupnaseo- 
leee, characterized by the spiral keel and by the 
continuation of the bearded style above the 
stigma into a large and oblique hollow hood. 
The only species, P. venemntum, is a high-twining vine of 
tropical Africa, with leaves of three large leaflets, and ax- 
illary pendulous racemes of purplish flowers, followed by 
long dark-brown compressed pods, each with two or three 
thick oblong highly poisonous seeds of valuable medicinal 
powers. See Calaliar bean (under beanl ), chop-ntit, eserine, 
and fiti!i^^H:niii". 
physostigmine (fi-so-stig'min), . [< Physostig- 
IIIK + -Hie 2 .] An alkaloid constituting the ac- 
tive principle of the Calabar bean, it is highly 
poisonous, and when separated by the usual process pre- 
sents the appearance of a brownish-yellow amorphous 
mass. It is tasteless, being only slightly soluble in water. 
physostomatons (fi-so-stom'a-tus), a. Same 
as /ilii/noxtoiitouy. 
physostome (fi'so-stom), a. and n. I. a. Same 
a xjihysostomous. 
II. n. A physostomous fish. 
Physostomi (fi-sos'to-ml), . pi. [NL., pi. of 
lilii/.iostomux: see physostomoitf:.] An order of 
teleost fishes established by J. Mttller in 1845, 
containing those whose air-bladder, when pres- 
ent, is connected with the alimentary canal 
by an air-duct, the bladder thus having an 
outlet or mouth: contrasted with I'hi/xtM-lixti. 
The order was divided by Miiller Into 2 suborders and 
14 families. It includes most of the abdominal malacop 
In yjdan fishes of the older authors. In Cope's system of 
classification it is ranked as a primary group of actlnop- 
terous flshes, with the basilar segments of the ventral fln 
rudimental and abdominal, the parietal bones usually unit- 
ed, branchioategal rays developed, and the pneumatic duct 
open. It includes, in addition to the forms recognized by 
Miiller, certain ganoids, as the Amiidx (order Halecvmor- 
phi) and LepidotitMa (order Ginglymadt). See cuts under 
Percopsis, pike, and Esox. 
physostomoUS (fi-sos'to-mus), a. [< NL. pluj- 
xD.itomus, < Gr. <t>voa, bellows, + ara/ia, mouth.] 
Having the mouth and air-bladder connected 
by an air-duct, as a fish ; specifically, of or per- 
taining to the rill/Sllstoilli. 
I If. 7 
-i;i.] A tribe of palms, distinguished by the 
continence of the ovaries in fruit into a globose 
synciirp. and including the two genera I'hi/iili 
films and Xi/m, both very dilTerent from all 
other palms and from each other, but alike in 
their growth from partly or wholly prostrate 
stems, their corneous nlbiimen. ami their (low- 
ers of one or both s.-.\es crowded upon long 
drooping spa.li.-es resembling catkin.-. 
Phytelephas (fi-tclV-fas). . [N'l,. (Rni/ and 
I'avon, 171)8), so called with reference to the 
hard albumen, called vegetable ivory; < Gr. 
<t<r6v, plant, + i/Ufar, ivory: see i li /i/unit.] An 
aberrant genus of palms, type of the tribe I'luj- 
Irlt /,l,(iitlui;i'. and from its singularity long sep- 
ar.ited as an order J'hi/li l< />li<nil<;t : (Mni'tin.i, 
I s:;.i). it is unlike all other palms in its numerous sta- 
mt -M-, (Mifunn stigmas, and unbranched spadices, and in 
the elongated petals of its female flower. There are 3 sne- 
cles, natives of IVru and the United .States of Colombia, 
Known from tile nut as ioury-palin. They are dioecious 
trees growing in dense and e\t,-n-i\e groves, with a short 
robust trunk sometimes 6 feet high from a creeping and 
prostrate base often at feet long. They bear tt crown of a 
ilo/fN nr more pinnate leaves, reaching 18 or 20 feet in 
length, resembling those of the cocoaiiut-pahn, and used 
by the natives in roofing. The male trees are taller, and 
bear a fleshy and pendulous cylindrical fragrant spadix 
aliout 4 feet long, crowded with small flowers between 
minute bracts, each with aliout thirty-six stamens, and 
Phytotoris linearit. 
( Line shows natural size. ) 
physyt (fiz'i), [A corrupt form for iiscc 
(simnlating Gr. <j>van, a bellows f).] A fusee. 
Some watches ... are made with four wheels, others 
with live ; . . . some have strings and jfhyneg. and others 
niiiif. Locke, Human Understanding, III. vi. 38. 
phytalbumose (fi-tal'bu-mos), . [< Gr. fvrov, 
plant, H- album(en) + -ose.] A form of albumen 
occurring in plants: so named to distinguish it 
from similar forms occurring in animals. 
Phytastra (fi-tas'tra), n. pi. [NL.. < Gr. jvrAv, 
plant, + atrrijp, star!"] In Lankester's classifi- 
cation, one of two orders of Ophiuroidea, con- 
trasted with Ophiastra. 
Phytelephantinae (fi-tel"e-fan-tl'ne), n. pi. 
[NL. (Drude, 1887), < Phytelephas (-elephant-) + 
Fruiting Female Plant of Vegetable Ivory i Phytelefh.tt 
inacrocarfa). 
exhaling a penetrating odor of almonds. The female tree 
produces a shorter and erect spadix, six or eight at once, 
each with six or seven pure-white flowers, which are far 
the largest among palms, with from five to ten fleshy pet- 
als (each from 2 to 3 inches long), three papery triangular 
sepals, numerous Imperfect stamens, anuf a roundish ovary 
with from four to nine furrows, carpels, and stigmas, be- 
coming a drupe in fruit. The mass of six or seven drupes 
from one spadix consolidates into a heavy pendulous glo- 
l)ose syucarp, or multiple fniit (from its size known locally 
as neffro'g-head\ covered with hard woody prominences. 
Each drupe contains about six large seeds ; these, when 
young, are fllled with a clear liquid, which is sought by 
travelers as a drink, and solidifies first iuU> a pulp eagerly 
eaten by animals, and later into the hardest albumen 
known, whence its name iwrry-nut. This again softens in 
germinating, turning into a milk and pulp, which feeds 
the young plant until it has grown for a year or more. 
Phyteuma (fi-tu'mii), n. [NL. (Linnteus, 1737), 
< L. phyteuma, < Gr. fvrevfta, a kind of plant, 
perhaps Reseda phyteuma; a particular use of 
QiTnifia, anything planted, < ^vmVij, plant, < 
<t>vr6v, a plant : see i>hyton.~\ A genus of orna- 
mental plants of the order Campanulacese, dis- 
tinguished by a five-parted corolla with narrow 
spreading or long cohering lobes, and a fruit 
closed at the apex and dehiscent laterally. 
There are about 50 species, natives of Europe, the Medi- 
terranean region, and the temperate parts of Asia, They 
are perennial herbs, with long-stalked radical leaves, and 
small alternate stem-leaves. The flowers are commonly 
blue, sessile, and handsome, often in a dense head or 
spike. Some species are well known in cultivation, espe- 
cially as hardy ornaments In rockwork. by the name of 
horned rampion (which see, under rainpion), and often 
under a former generic name, Itapunttdiu. 
phytifqrm (fi'ti-fdrm), . [< Gr. $vrav, plant, 
+ L. forma, form.] Resembling a plant. 
phytiphagan (fi-tif'a-gan), a. and . See phy- 
phytoglyphy 
gills; noting a division of isopnds, in 
tin n from /'>' i-i/iiiilii'inii-liiiii' . 
phytochemical Ifl -lo-kem'i-kal), n. [< (ir. 
. plant, + I'l. rln iinnil.] r.-itaining or re- 
lating to pliytoehcmistry. 
phytochemistry ifi-to-ki m'is-tri). . [< (ir. 
6vr6v, plant, + E. <//< iiuxii'i/.] Vegetable chem- 
istry; the chemistry of plants. 
phyfochimy (fi'to-kim-i), . [< F. />/"/'"' '"""'. 
< (Jr. fiTor, plant. + F. i-himir, chemistry : see 
tilrlirmi/, i-ln ini.tl.) Same as jilii/lni-ln mi* try. 
phytochlore (fi'to-klor), n. f< Gr. fvrov, plant, 
+ x/^l^i pale-green: see rhlorin. Cf. chloro- 
I'lu/l.] In /<"'.. same as rlili>n>/>lutl. 
Phytocoridse (fi-to-kor'i-de.), . //. [M-. 
ber, IK(il), < riiijtiM-nrix + -nln:\ A very large 
family of heteropterous insects, typified by the 
genus I'lii/l'ii-iii-ix, and collectively called iilmii- 
liii'ix. They are mostly of small ize, and are extremely 
variable in form ; the base of the wings has usually a 
looped nun ure ; and the ocelli are extremely minute or 
wanting. They are divided Into more than a dozen sub- 
families, among them being the bugs commonly known 
as Cttprini or Cap*' 
Phytocoris (fi-tok'o-ri*), . [NL. (Fallen, 
1814), < Gr. <t>vr6v, plant, + n6ptf, bug.] A genus 
of plant-bugs, typical of 
the family Pliytororidee, 
having the beak extend- 
ing to the middle of the 
abdomen, and the sides of 
the head angular. There 
are about 20 species, 7 of which 
inhabit North America, P. tri- 
jnutulatus is blackish, spotted 
with orange, and found on net- 
tles. 
Phytocrene (fi-to-kre'- 
ue), n. [NL. (Wallich, 
1832), so called with ref- 
erence to a copious wa- 
tery sap which flows from 
the porous wood when 
pierced, and is used as a drink; < Gr. 
plant, 4- Kpr/vr/, fountain.] A genus of poly- 
petalous shrubs of the order Olacitiese, type of 
the tribe Pliytocrencie, characterized by capi- 
tate flowers with filaments longer than tne 
anthers. The 8 species are natives of tropical Asia and 
Africa. They are high climbing and twining shrubs, with 
alternate leaves, and small dioecious hairy flowers, the 
staminate heads the size of peas and densely crowded in 
elongated panicles, the pistillate heads solitary and reach- 
ing the size of the human head, followed by a globular 
mass of hairy or spiny drupes with resinous stones. /' 
<ii-"r>:t"i . with white flowers, from Martaban in Burma, is 
cultivated under glass by the names of trater-rine, cegetaUe 
fountain, and /.'</' Indian fountain-tree. 
Phytocrene (fi-t*>-kre'ne-e), . pi. [NL. (Ar- 
nott, 1834), < Phylocrcne + -.] A tribe of 
polypetalous plants of the order Olacitiese, char- 
acterized by equal and alternate stamens and 
petals, and broad leaf-like or fleshy cotyledons. 
It includes 11 genera and about 37 species, all 
tropical climbers, of which Phytocreite is the 
type. 
phylogenesis (fi-to-jen'e-sis), . [NL., < Gr. 
otTtiv, plant, + ytvtoif, origin: see genesis.] 
The doctrine < 
phytogenetic 
em, after yen f = 
togeny ; of vegetable or plant origin. 
phytogenetical (fi-to-je-net'i-kal), a. [< phy- 
toyenetic + -a/.] Same us phytogenetic. 
The morphological ztvlphytogenetical study of the higher 
plants. Pop. Sci. Mo., XXXIII. 479. 
phytogeny (fi-toj'e-ni), n. [< Gr. dtTov, plant, 
+ -)/rvta, < -yn^f, producing: see -ycny.'] Same 
as phytogentxis. 
phytogebgrapher (fi'to-jf-og'ra-fer), . [< 
phytogeograph-y + -er 1 .] 'One who is versed 
in phytogeography. Mature, XL. 98. 
phytogeographic (fi-to-je-o-graf'ik). a. [< 
phytogeoijraph-y + -c.] Of or pertaining to 
phytogeography. 
Islands may be arranged, . . . for phytogeographic pur- 
poses In three categories, according to their endemic ele- 
ment. Xatwrt, XXXIII. 338. 
plant, -t- yevtaif, origin: see genesis.} 
ictrine of the generation of plants, 
enetic (fl'tp-je-nefik), a. [< phytogen- 
'ter genetic.'] Of or pertaining to phy- 
phytivoroust (fi-tiv'o-rus), a. [< Gr. v, 
plant, + L. orore, devour.] Feeding on plants 
or herbage; herbivorous; phytophagous. Kay, 
Works of Creation. 
phytobiology (fi-to-bi-ol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. yin-ov, 
plant, + E. Moiegy.] That branch of biology 
which deals with plants; vegetable biology. 
Athenseum, No. 3253, p. 278. 
phytobranchiate (fi-to-braug'ki-at), a. [< Gr. 
$mAv, plant, + ftpayxtt, gills.] Having leafy 
phytogeographical (fi-to-je-o-graf 'i-kal), a. [< 
phytogcijgraphic + -/.] Same as phytogeo- 
ijraphic. 
phytogeography (fi'to-je-og'ra-fi), . [= F. 
phytogeoyruphie = It. fitogeogr'afia, < Gr. qnrrfa. 
plant, + -)cu^pa(jaa, geography: see geography.] 
The geography or geographical distribution of 
Slants: correlated with toSffeoffraptf. 
ytoglyphic(fi-to-glif'ik),'. [< phytoglyph-y 
+ -ii-7] Of or pertaining to phytoglyphy. 
phytoglyphy (fi-tog'li-fi), n.' [< Q r . ^vT6v, 
plant, + y/U^tw, engrave : see glyph.] Nature- 
printing, as applied to the portraying of pla nts, 
