phytoglyphy 
for which the process was especially devised. 
Also pUytography. 
4468 Phytotoma 
yellow, and characterized by a peculiar venation of the phytophagic (fi-to-faj'ik), rt. Same as phy- 
wings. The larvae are leaf-miners, some transforming to tmthnnmis 
~~, :,. *\,n ..:':::.: llrhl'ln rttllill'D Tl 1 1 TI<1 1 (1 111 t ll C\ n-ll.Hl Till, Wit 1 1< ' '/ ' " ' '^ 
[= F. pliyto- 
', Gr. 0- 
j; feed- 
n'hvtoeranhic (fi-to-graf 'ik). a. [<pliytograph-y tomyia 3- -idee.'] A family of dipterous 'insects ing on plants '; herbivorous; specifically, of or 
I Of or pertaining to phytography or named from the genus Phytomyia, formerly pertaining to the Phytopliuya, in any sense, 
phvtographers relating or related to the de- merged in Mitscidee. Often called Phytomyzi- Also plii/toplinrjan and plnjtvplittgic. 
scribing, naming, and classifying of plants, to, as by Osten Sacken 1878 phytophagy (fi-tof 'a-ji),. [<Gr.0rw,aplant, 
Future XXXVlfl "20 phyton (fi'ton), n. [NL., < Gr. jvrtv, plant, < + -jnyia, <>aytw, eat.] The habit of feeding on 
Dhvtoeraphical (fi-td-graf 'i-kal), . [< phyto- fi-uv, produce, pass. <l>vea6ai, grow, become : see plants ; a phytophagous regimen. 
iirtinliic + -nl.] Same us phyibgraphic. fee 1 .] 1. In lot., same as pliytomer. 2. leap.] phytophllous (fi-tof i-lus), a. [<NL. pliytovhl- 
Dhvtoerauhv (fi-tog'ra-fi), n. [= F. phyto- In entom., a genus of Cerambytidee. Newman, lus, < Gr. vr<H>, plant, + faieiv, love.] Fond 
.. .*...!.:.. u~ .<*/./, 'l_T>r ,,h u /n/nvi7juz It 1840. of plants, as an insect. 
[= F. phytonomie phytophthire (fl'tof-thir), n. [< Gr. tyvrov, a 
c = Sii fttoqrnfia = Pg. pln/tograpkia = It. 1840. 
atoaraHa < Gr 0V>, plant, + -jpaf a. < y/xtyetv, phytonomy (fi-ton'o-mi), n 
write.] 1. The description of plants; that 
branch of botany which concerns itself with 
the rules to be observed in describing, naming, 
and classifying plants. 
Phytography is entirely subordinate to Taxonomy, or 
Systematic Botany. 
Henslow, Descriptive and Physiological Botany, 3. 
= Sp. fitonomio, It. fitononria, fitonimia, < Gr. plant, + ^7), louse.] hame as phi/tiqilitlu 
^irw, plant, + ix5//or, law.] The science of the PhytophthiriaCfi-tof-thir'i-a),^.^.^ [NL.see 
laws of plant-growth. 
phytopaleontologist(fi-to-pa"le-on-tol'o-jist), 
n. [< phytopaleontolog-y + -ist.\ 
Same as pa- 
leobotanist. 
The nature of some impressions described by phytapa- 
leontologists as remains of fossil Algse. Science, I. 252 
2. Same &aphyto</lyphy. siiAigse. nee, i. 
phytoid (fi'toid), a. [< Gr. 'QvroeiSfa (in adv. phytopaleontology (fi-to-pa"le-on-tol'o-ji), n. 
fvroetiof), contr. IJWT&SJK, like a plant, < QVTOV, [< Q r _ Q VT 6v, plant, + E. paleontology."]' Same 
plant, + elSac. form.] Plant-like: specifically, ag naleobotami. 
in zoology, noting animals and organs which re- 
semble plants in appearance. 
Phytolacca (fi-to-lak'a), n. [NL. (Tournefort, 
1700), so called in allusion to the crimson juice 
of the berries ; < Gr. Qvr6v, plant, + NL. lacca, 
I( . , B to defendhta position, and that, indeed, of phyto- 
paleontology. Science, I. 253. 
pfcytopathological (fi-to-path-6-loj'i-kal), a. 
\^ t0 p a1 , lo T 0{/ .y + \ ic . ( ;fi of or pertaining 
J- ihvtom 
IO pUyiOpd 
phytoph thire.] A tribe or suborder of hemipter- 
ous insects; plant-lice, etc. They have the thorax 
normally constructed of three segments ; the mouth suc- 
torial without palpi ; the wings four, two, or none, and 
membranous when present ; the antemiBe of more than five 
joints ; and the tarsi of one or two joints. It contains sev- 
eral families, as the Coca'die or scale-insects, ApMdida or 
plant-lice proper, Aleurodidie, or moth-blight insects, and 
Pgyllidse, jumping plant-lice, or flea-lice. Also called Ste- 
uorhynchi. See cuts under coccus, cochineal, Aphis, and 
Ptylla. 
phytophthirian (fl-tof-thir'i-au), a. and 11. [< 
pliytophtMre + -an.] I. a. Infesting plants, as 
a plant-louse, scale-insect, or aphid ; specifical- 
ly, of or pertaining to the Phytoplitliiria. 
' n. Amemberof the Phytoplitltiria ; aplant- 
Also phytophlhire. 
...... ... . _.. . _ le 
hairy, and with round, grooved, or angled branches. They 
bear alternate undivided leaves, and small flowers in axil- 
medicinal properties, especially P. decandra, one of the 
most characteristic of American plants (for which see poke- 
weed, also called eaaJnim, scoke, redweed, red-ink plant, ink- 
a small and shrubby 'plant, is cultivated for its graceful 
drooping racemes of white flowers, under the name of hy- 
drangea-leafed poke. P. octandra is the Spanish calalu, or 
West Indian foxglove. (For P. dioica, also called tree-poke 
and umbra-tree, see bellasombra-tree.) P. etculenta has 
been cultivated, often under the name of Pircunia, as a 
substitute for asparagus and for spinach. 
Phytolaccaceae (fi"to-la-ka'se-e), n. pi. [NL. 
(Liudley, 1835), < Phytolacca + -acex.] An or- 
der of apetalous plants of the series Curvem- 
bryeie, distinguished by the usually many car- 
pels in a ring, each with an undivided style. 
It includes about 60 species, of 3 tribes and 10 genera, of 
which Phytolacca (the type), Rivina, and Petiveria are the 
best-known. They are trees, shrubs, or herbs with a 
woody base, bearing alternate entire leaves, generally 
smooth branches, and racemed flowers, of greenish or whit- 
ish tinge, with one bract at the base of the pedicel and 
two smaller at its middle. 
phytolitet (fi'to-lit), u. [= F. phytolithe = It. 
fitolitc, < Gr. ifvrov, plant, + 7Mog, stone.] A 
fossil plant. 
phytolithologist (fi"to-li-thol'o-jist), n. [< 
phytulitholpg-y + -1st.] One who is skilled in 
or who writes upon fossil plants. 
phytolithology (fi"to-li-thol'o-ji), . [< Gr. 
<pv-6v, plant, + E. Uthology.] The science of 
fossil plants. 
phytological (fi-to-loj'i-kal), a. [< phytolog-y 
+ -ic-al.] Of or pertaining to phytology ; bo- 
tanical. 
phytologist (fi-tol'o-jist), n. [< phytolog-y + 
-ist.] One who is versed in phytology, or the 
science of plants ; a botanist. 
As our learned phytologist Mr. Ray has done. Evelyn. 
phytology (fi-tol'o-ji), n. [= F. phytologie = 
Sp. fitologia = Pg. pliytologia = It. fitologia, < 
Gr. <t>m-6v, plant, + -Aoy/o, < ?yeiv, speak: see 
-ology.] The science of plants; botany. [Bare.] 
We pretend not to multiply vegetable divisions by quin- 
cuncial and reticulate plants, or erect a new phytology. 
Sir T. Browne, Garden of Cyrus, Ep. Ded. 
phytomer (fi'to-mer), . [< Gr. $vrav, plant, + 
,fpof, part.] In l)0t., a plant-part, or plant-unit 
that is, one of the structures or elements 
which, produced in a series, make up a plant of 
the higher grade. The ultimate similar parts into 
which a plant may be analyzed are the serial leaf-bearing 
portions, since they are produced from and in time may 
produce similar parts. Also called phyton, phytomera. 
1806) : 
the diseases of plants; an account of the dis- cies _ of wlljch p ^t^ auSt the downy mildew of the potato 
eases to which plants are liable ; mycology. or potato-rot, is the most destructive. See potato-rot. 
ophaga (fi-tof '&-g&),n.pl. [NL. (Dum^ril, phytophysiology (fi-to-fiz-i-ol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. 
): see phytophagous.} 1. In entom.: (a) A fymav, a plant, -f- Qvatotoyia, physiology.] Vege- 
very large group of phytophagous tetramerous table physiology. 
coleopters, having the head not rostrate, the Phytoptid* (fi-top'ti-de), n. pi. [NL., < Pliy- 
maxillaB with toptus + -idee.] A family of atracheate Ocarina 
two lobes, the with two pairs of hind legs abortive, typified 
antennas linear by the genus Phytoptus. They are commonly 
and of moder- known as gall-mites or runt-mites. 
ate length or phytoptosis (fi-top-to'sis), 11. [NL., < Phytop- 
short, the body tus + -osis.] A disease of plants caused by 
ovate, oblong, or the attacks of mites of the genus Phytoptus. 
rounded, and the It is accompanied by an abnormal growth of 
elytra covering the plant-tissue. See erineum. 
the sides of the Phytoptus (fi- top 'tus), n. [NL. (Dujardin, 
abdomen. They 1851), < Gr. <t>vr6v, plant, + *o7rrdf, verbal adj. 
are found on plants, of -V/OTT, see : see optic.] A genus of gall-mites, 
andiiiimber onward gi v ' u g name to the Phytoptidse, and containing 
of 10,000 described such species as P. quadripes, which galls the 
species, represent- soft maple in the United States. 
fammes^Thf kaf* V^^OSiS (fi-to'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 4>vr6 V , plant, 
bae&* + -MfeO T h ? presence of vegetable parasites, 
dse, are characteris- 
tic examples, and 
the name is some- 
these, though in 
wider sense the Ce- 
ra-mbycidse, Spondylidx, and Bruchidx are also included. 
See also cuts under Cerambyx, Chrysomela, and Bruchus. 
(ft) A division of terebrant hymenopterous in- 
sects represented by the families Tenthredinidee 
and Uroceridse, or the saw-flies and horntails; 
the Securifera of Latreille : contrasted with En- 
tomophaga and Gallicolse. (c) [Used as a sin- 
gular.] A genus of dipterous insects of the 
family Tipulidx. Sondani, 1840. 2. In ichth., 
a group of cyprinoid fishes. 3. In mammal.: 
(a) One of two primary groups into which the 
Edentata or Bruta have been divided, the other 
being Entomophaga. The Phytophaga are the 
vegetable-feeders. 
The Phytophaga are divisible into two groups, one ex- 
isting, and the other extinct. The former consists of the 
sloths, or Tardigrada; . . . [the latter are] the Gravigrada. 
Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 333. 
(ft) One of two prime divisions of placental 
mammals, including the pachyderms, herbivo- 
rous cetaceans (Sirenia), rodents, and rumi- 
nants of Guvier on the one hand, and the eden- 
tates of Cuvier (minus the monotreuies) on the 
other hand, together forming two orders, Dip- 
lodontia and Aplodontia, collectively contrast- 
ed with Zoiiphaga. 
of the 
lttl,cllis\ female, natural size. 
or the morbid conditions produced by them: 
especially used in designation of the dermato- 
mycoses. 
phytotaxy (fi'to-tak-si), n. [< Gr. <f>i>Tov, plant, 
-I- rdfif, order, arrangement.] The science of 
the classification of plants ; systematic botany. 
Compare sootaxy. Lester F. Ward, Dynamic 
Sociology, I. 120. 
Phytotoma (fi-tot'o-ma), n. [NL. (Molina, 
1789), < Gr. <j>vr6v, plant, + -rofio(, < re/iveiv, 
rajBHivcut.] The only genus of Phytotomidte. 
_^ 
imyia (fi-to-mi'i-a), n.' [NL? (Hafi'day, phytophagan (fi-tof 'a-gan), a. and n. [< pliy- 
1833), emended from Phytomyza (Fallen, 1810), tophag-ous + -an.] I. a. Same as pkytopha- 
< Gr. <t>vrov, plant, + /ivla, fly.] A genus of goiis. 
dipterous insects formerly of the family Musci- II. A phytophagous animal ; specifically, 
dse, now giving name to the Phytomyidse. They a member of the Phytophaga, in any sense, 
are small flies, of a blackish-gray color often spotted with Also plnjtiphaijan. 
Phytotoma rara. 
Three species are described, P. rara, P. anrruztirottris, and 
P. rutela. These birds are said to do much damage liy 
cutting tender sprouts and buds with their serrated bill. 
Their voice is harsh and grating. 
