Pinus 
Then- are alxmt 70 species, widely distributed thmiiKhont 
north temperate regions, with a very few extending within 
the tropics in eastern Ann and Central Ainrrie. They 
arc (all m sometimes low evergreen* hearing ovoid or oh- 
long cones i if closely imhricated woody scales, with thin <>r 
thickened apex. Every scale hears two winged seeds, the 
enthryo with from three to ten seed-leaves set in a circle. 
(See cut under cotyledon.) The scales remain tightly set 
together over the seeds from fertilization till maturity, anil 
after opening and discharging the seeds are long persistent 
on their axis. The cones vary in size from 2 inches and less 
in / '. edulis, the pinon, to 6 inches in the well-known cones 
of the white pine, /' Strobug, and reach 18 Inches or more 
in /'. /Mmbertiana, the sugar-pine. The United States Is 
particularly rich In pines, hcing the home of half the 
known species. For species and uses, see pinel. See cuts 
under CUM, Abiftiiieat, cotylednn, and potlen. 
2. [i. c.] Same as pint allM>di/( which see, under 
pineal). 
pin-vise (pin'vis), n. 1. A hand-vise used by 
clock-makers for grasping small arbors and 
pins. K. H. Knit/lit. 2. A small vise used by 
professional and amateur fly-makers to hold a 
nook while attaching and constructing a fly 
upon it. Norrix. 
pinwheel (pin'hwel), n. 1. A cpntrate wheel 
in which the cogs are pins set into the disk. 
2. In tanning, a stout circular box contain- 
ing warm water or water and melted tallow, 
in which hides are rolled about over strong 
wooden pins fastened to the inner circumfer- 
ence of the box. Harper's Mug., LXX. 275. 
3. A kind of firework, consisting of a long pa- 
per case filled with a combustible composition 
and wound spirally about a disk of pasteboard 
or wood. When it is supported vertically on 
a pivot, and ignited, it revolves rapidly, form- 
ing a wheel of fire. 
pinwheel (pin'hwel), v. t. In tanning, to sub- 
ject to the action of the pinwheel. 
pin-wingt (pin'wing), . A penguin. Encyc. 
Brit, m. 734. 
pin-winged (pin'wingd), a. Having a short at- 
tenuated falcate first primary. The pin-winged 
doves are pigeons of the genus sRchmoptUtt or 
Engyptila, as K. alltifrons of Texas and Mexico. 
pinwork (pin'werk), n. In needle-point lace, 
small and fine raised parts of a design. 
pinwork (pin'werk), v. t.; pret. and pp. pin- 
teorkctt or pinwroitght, ppr. pinwofking. In flax- 
spinning, to work (flax-yarn) on a pin of wood in 
a manner to increase its suppleness, when mak- 
ing the yarn up into bundles for packing. Sev- 
eral hanks arc operated upon at a time ny passing them 
over a stout arm Axed to a suitable support. A stout pin 
is then passed through them, and with this the operator 
jerks and twists the hanks till they areas supple as desired, 
and will He as placed while they are being bundled. 
pinworm (piu'werm), n. A small threadworm 
or nematoid, Otytiritt rermicularis, infesting the 
rectum, especially of children. See Agcaridx, 
and cut under Ojcyurig. 
pinx. The usual abbreviation of piiixit. 
pinxit (pingk'sit), r. [L., (he) painted (this), 
3d pers. perf. ind. ofpingere, paint: teQ paint.} 
A word occurring as a part of a marginal note 
on a picture, noting who painted it: as, Ru- 
bens pinxit, ' Rubens painted (this).' Abbre- 
viated pinx. and pxt. 
Pinxter, . See PM-stcr. 
pinxter-flower, . See pinkster-flower. 
piny 1 (pi'ni), (i. [Also piney: < pine 1 + -yl.] 
Pertaining to, of the nature of, consisting of, or 
covered with pines. 
Between the piney sides 
Of this long glen. Tennyson, (Knone. 
We passed the beautiful falls of the Tind Elv. drove for 
more th:in twenty miles over wild piny hills, and then de- 
scended to Kongsberg. 
B. Taylor, Northern Travel, p. 897. 
The thrush that carols at the dawn of day 
From the green steeples of the piney wood. 
Longfellmc, Birds of Killingworth. 
Piny resin, the product also called piny tarnish, Indian 
(sometimes Manila) anil liquid copal, and white dammar- 
resin. See dammar-rerin. Piny tallow, a concrete fatty 
substance resembling wax, obtained by boiling with water 
the fruit of the Valeria indica, a tree common upon the 
Malabar coast. It partakes of the nature of stearfne, and 
forms excellent candles. Also called Mululmr tallow. 
piny- (pi'ni), n.; pi. pinies (-niz). A dialectal 
form of peony. 
pionet, ii. A Middle English form of penny. 
pioneqt, . A word variously explained as 
meaning 'overgrown with marsh-marigolds,' or 
simply 'dug.' Aldis Wright. 
Thy banks with pioned and twilled brims. 
Shale., Tempest, Iv. 1. 64. 
pioneer (pi-o-ner'), n. [Formerly also pinner, 
rarely pitirr; < F. pionnicr. OF. peonicr, a foot- 
soldier, sapper, or miner, < peon, pion, a foot- 
soldier: sec peon.'] 1. Milit., one of a party 
or company of foot-soliliers who march before 
or with an army, and are furnished with dig- 
4503 
King- and cutting-implements, to clear the way 
of obstructions, repair the roads, dig intrench- 
ments, etc. 
A thousand horse and foot, a thousand jriiineer*, 
If we get under ground, to fetch us out agaiu, 
And every one an axe to cut the woods down. 
Fletcher, Pilgrim, III. 4. 
He | the Russian) useth no Foot but such as are Pioneers 
or Gunners, of both which sort 30000. 
MUtun, Hist. Moscovia. 
2. One who or that which goes before and opens 
and leads or prepares the way for others com- 
ing after; specifically, a first or early explorer 
or experimenter in any department of human 
enterprise. 
The colonies and settlements . . . occupied with taming 
the wild earth, and performing the functions of pianeen of 
civilization. 
SirQ. C. Lewis, Authority in Matters of Opinion, lit 
[(Latham.) 
Snow-drifts stretch by the roadside, and one by one the 
pioneers of the vast nine-woods of the interior appear. 
./. .1. Symonds, Italy and Greece, p. 31. 
pioneer (pi-o-ner'), P. [< pioneer, M.] I. tram. 
To go before and open (a way) ; lead or prepare 
the way to or for. 
I found that miners had pioneered the way some distance 
down the river in search of gold. The Century, XXX. 73. 
It Is true that in the earliest days of the settlement the 
diggers who found their way to Kimberley were of a more 
orderly and law-abiding class than those who pimieered the 
gold-mines of California and Australia. 
Fortniyhay Jtev., N. S., XLIII. 877. 
II. intrant-: To act as pioneer; clear the way; 
remove obstructions. Quarterly Rev. 
pioneering (pi-o-ner'ing), p. a. Pertaining to 
pioneers; serving to pioneer: as, & pioneering 
expedition. 
pionert, An obsolete form of pioneer. 
Pionias (pi-o'ni-as), H. See Pinnutt. 
Pionidae (pi-on'i-de), H. pi. [NL., < Pionus + 
-idee.] A family of parrots, named from the 
genus PioniiiM or Piontu. It Is characterized by a 
short broad tail half as long as the wings, a short grooved 
and toothed bill with an extensive naked cere, and color- 
ation chiefly green. There are upward of 80 species, 
most of which are American, the others being African. 
pipningt (pi'o-ning), M. [< pion(cr) + -ing 1 .'] 
The working of pioneers; military works raised 
by pioneers. 
With painefnll pyoninyx 
From sea to sea he heapt a mighty mound 
Spenser, V. Q., II. x. 63. 
Pionus (pi'o-nus), M. [NL. (Wagler, 1830), < 
(Jr. iriuv, fat.] An extensive genus of parrots 
of the family Psittacida (or a family Pionidee), 
containing such species as P. menxtruux an<\ P. 
nenilin of Brazil. Also, more correctly, Pioniax. 
piony, n. An obsolete or dialectal form of penny. 
Piophila (pi-of'i-la), H. [NL. (Fallen, 1810),' < 
Gr. iriui', fat, + fi'/.eiv, love.] A genus of dip- 
terous insects of the family Muxeidee, or giving 
name to a family Piophilidte, species of which in- 
habit cheese ; the cheese-flies. The larva of the cos- 
mopolitan /'. casei, the common cheese-hopper, lives on 
cheese, hams, and fat in general, and also, according to 
(termar, In cooking-salt. One species has been reared on 
the roots of celery. There are about 30 species, the adults 
of all of which are small black glistening Hies. Three are 
common to North America and Europe. See cut under 
cheejie-Jly. 
Piophilidae (pi-o-fil'i-de), . pi. [NL. (Mac- 
quart, 1835), < Piophila + -<?.] A family of 
acalyptrate dipterous insects, typified by the 
genus Piophila, having the auxiliary vein of the 
wings coalescent throughout with the first lon- 
gitudinal vein. Several genera belong to this 
family, and four of them are represented in 
North America. 
pioscppe (pi'6-skop), n. [< Gr. ir/W, fat, + 
anoTtelv, view.] A kind of lactoscope invented 
by Heeren. It consists of a black vulcanized rubber 
disk having a central circular recess for holding the milk 
to be tested. Upon this is fitted a glass cover painted 
with six sectors of color, ranging from white-gray to deep 
bluish-gray, around a central unpainted spot. The color 
of the milk as seen through the unpainted spot in the 
center of the cover Is compared with the colors of the 
sectors, and the quality of the milk is estimated from the 
color of the sector which most nearly corresponds to that 
of the sample. 
piot (pi'ot), n. See piet. 
pioted, a. See pii //. 
pious (pl'us), a. [= F. pieur, an extended form 
of OF. pie = Sp. Pg. It. pio, < L. pius, pious, 
devout, affectionate, kind. Hence ult. (< L.) 
piety, pity, pittance, etc.] 1. Having or ex- 
hibiting due respect and affection for parents or 
others to whom respect and affection are due ; 
also, pertaining to or consisting in the duties of 
respect and affection toward parents or others. 
No one Thing preserves and improves Religion more 
than a venerable, high, pious Esteem of the chiefest Minis- 
ters, Ilineell, Letters, ii. 10. 
Pipa 
2. Having faith in and reverence for the Su- 
preme Being; actuated 'by faith in and rever- 
ence for God; godly; devout: said of persons. 
Here you stand, 
Adore, and worship, when you know it not ; 
Pimu beyond the intention of your thought; 
Devout above tlie meaning of your will. 
Wurdfimrth, Excursion, Iv. 
3. Dictated by reverence for God ; proceed- 
ing from piety: said of things: as, pious awe; 
pious services; pioun sorrow. 
I have . . . paid 
Morepioui debts to heaven than in all 
The fore-end of my time. 
Shot., Cymbcllne, ill. 3. 72. 
Sickness itself Is appayed with religion and holy 
thoughts, with pious resolutions and penitential prayers. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), I. 901. 
4. Practised under the pretense of religion or 
for a good end : as, jiioun frauds. 
With devotion's visage 
And pimtx action, we do sugar o'er 
Hi. devil himself. fili.it., Hamlet, III. 1. 48. 
Pious uses. See use. = Sy n. 2. Religious, holy, righteous, 
saintly. See relitjion. 
piously (pi'us-li), nrfr. In a pious manner; 
devoutly; as an act of piety; dutifully. 
Encompass'd and in great danger, he was valiantly and 
in'.niflii rescu'd by his Son Titus. MUton, Hist. Eng., II. 
pious-minded (pi'us-min'ded), . Of a pious 
disposition. 
PiP (P'P)i " [Early mod. E. also pipe, pype, < 
ME. pi ppr, pyppc = MD. pippe,pij>ne, I), pip 
= MLG. pip, LG.pipp,pipp,<t = OHG.phiplii?, 
ptiptix, MHO. phippfex;, G. (obs.) pfipx, pjippx, 
MHO. \Qpipputt:, pippin, G. pips, pipps (after 
LG.) = Sw. pipp = Dan. pip = F. pejiie = Pr. 
pejrida = Sp. pepiht = Pg. pivitle, peride = It. 
pipita, < ML. pipita, pivita (after Rom.), < L. 
pitiiitH, phlegm, rheum, slime, also the pip; 
prob., with loss of orig. .<-, < xpuerc, pp. xpultut, 
spew: see x;>fir.] A disease of fowls, consist- 
ing in a secretion of thick mucus in the mouth 
and throat, often accompanied by the formation 
of a sheath-like scale on the end of the tongue : 
not to be confused with eanker or roup. 
Choose thou another I friend ] of somewhat tougher frame, 
and that will not die of the pip like a young chicken. 
Sctttt, Monastery, ix. 
A thousand pips cat up your sparrow-hawk ! 
Tennyson, Oeraint. 
pip 2 (pip). H. [Short for pippin 1 ."] 1. The kernel 
or seed of fruit, as of an apple or an orange. 
2. One of the spots on dice or on playing-cards : 
thus, the ace has one pip; the ten, ten pipx. 
3. One of the rhomboid-shaped spaces into 
which the surface of a pineapple is divided. 
4. A trade-name used by manufacturers and 
dealers in artificial (lowers for an imitation of 
the central part of a flower which bears the 
seeds or fruit. 
pip 2 (pip). " ' i pret. and pp. pipped, ppr. pip- 
ping. [< pip?, .] To blackball. [Slang.] 
If Buckle were pipped, they would do the same to every 
clergyman. A. II. lluth, Buckle, I. 252. (Kneyc. Diet.) 
pip :t (P'P)i " [A var. of pipe 1 , peep 1 , in like 
sense.] I. intrunx. To peep, pipe, or chirp, as 
a chick or young bird. 
It is no nnfreqnent thing to hear the chick pip and cry 
in the egg before the shell In- broken. Boyle. 
II. trans. To crack or chip a hole through 
(the shell) : said of a chick in the egg. 
Pipa (pi'pa), M. [NL. (Laurenti).J A genus 
of aglossaY tailless amphibians, typical of the 
family Pipidx. P. amerieana or surinamenxix, 
the Surinam toad, is the only species, its color 
is brownish-olive above and whitish below. It is mine- 
Surinam Toail (Fifa amtricatta), female. 
linn > 7 inches long, and has a peculiarly hideous aspect 
It is particularly interesting on account of Its mode of 
rearing its young. After the female has laid the c 
