plan 
4f>iJ7 
plane 
Planaria (pla'-na'ri-a), '. 
nmlrr i-intip and canal-luck. 
2. Disposition of parts according to a certain 
design. 
Expatiate free o'er all this scene of man, 
A mighty maze ! but not without a plan. 
Pope, Essay on Man, I. ft. 
Man only mars kind Nature's plan, 
Ami turns the fierce pursuit on man. 
Scott, Itokeby, lit. 1. 
3. A formulated scheme for the accomplish- 
ment of some object or the attainment of an <ni ~ ~ -...... * ..,/... 
cud; the various steps which have been thought p l a narida (pla-nar'i-dtt), n. pi. [NL., < 
out and decided upon for the carrying out of H~%T tu *' jfr t .'_!*' '*?!"', A^ suborder of 
n i.. 
nlanar <nln',,li,.\ j i apex, is a penci-poin. If the Up* of the 
pianar (pla ntir), a. [< L. plaiiar-iux, flat: see Bnfart of one person, or of two, are placed lightly upon 
iiltmtiry.j Lying in a plane; planarv; flat " u " > l>oiml wiu ""*" aft<-r "> mu without con- 
hanar dyadic. See dyadic. clou.; ffott on the part of the operator, and the pencil- 
sclous elfurt on the put of the operator, and the pencil 
point will. It U laid, trace lines, word* and even aenEoon. 
It wa* Invented about 1866, and wan for a time an object 
some project or operation. 
Where there seemed nothing but confusion, he can now 
discern the dim outlines of a gigantic plan. 
H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 322. 
The very fact ol Apian implies a logical procedure. 
W. L. Damdton, Mind, XII. 253. 
4. A method or process ; away; a custom. 
For why? because the good old rule 
snttirfth them, the simple plan, 
That they should take who have the power, 
And they should keep who can. 
Wortlswarth, Rob Roy's Grave. 
6. A type of structure : as, man is the highest _i.~" ,f " 
development of the vertebrate plan; the plan of P lana "lprm (pla-nar i-fonn), a. 
a mollusk or an insectAmerican plan. See A ,ner """"*' *' levp1 ' + ''""""' form 'l 
ican. Common plan, in but, an archetype. Details ! lan "> >nn; planaridan. Ala 
ota plan. See detail. European plan. See Kurupeau. 
Halt-breadth plan. In Mpltuildimj, a plan showing the 
Half-breadth Plan. 
various lines of one longitudinal half of a ship projected 
Hemal plan, in nmllusks, that 
on the horizontal plane. 
modification of the common plan fn which, by dispropor- 
Mon;itr growth of the postabdomen, the lntetine acquires 
;i In mill flexure: distinguished from neural plan. In- 
stalment Plan. See itutlaltnent. Neural plan, in mol- 
orDendrocasta. See cut"und"er Dendrorala. 
U. . A member of the suborder Planarida. 
< LL. 
^ .^. f 7Vr- 
bellaria, containing the rhabdoccelous and den- 
drocffilous turbellarian worms ; the planarians. 
\V hen the so-called rhynchocirtous turbellariaiis or nemer- 
tean worms are excluded, Planarida become the same as 
T-urbeUaria. They are Hal worms, mostly oval or elliptical 
In form, moving by means of vlbratlle cilia. They are 
hermaphrodite. In some the Intestine Is straight and 
simple or rhahdoctelons, In others branched and compli- 
cated or dcndrocielous. They are mostly aquatic. Inhabit- 
ing both fresh and salt water; but some, the land-planari- 
ans, are found In moist earth. See cut under Dendrocaia. 
planaridan (plA-nar'i-dan), a. and H. I. a. 
Planarian in a broad sense ; turbellarian. 
II. >i. A plauarian. 
[< LL. pla- 
_ Like a pla- 
>rm; planaridan. Also jilanarioid. 
(pltiu-a-ri'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Pla- 
naria + -idx.] A family of inonogonoporous 
I)endroea>la of an oblong form, without a foot 
differentiated from the body, typified by the 
genus Planaria. 
planarioid (pla-na'ri-oid), a. [< LL. planarius, 
tlat. + Ur. riAtx;, form.] Same as iilanarifonu. 
planary (pla'nft-ri), a. [< LL. plaiutrius. flat, 
level, < L. plantu, level, plane: see plain*, 
plane^.] Lying in one plane; flat. 
planate (pla'mit), n. ["< NL'. 'pliinaliin, < L. 
:he intestine acquires j,l,,iui.i, flat: see /.(<].] Inrntom., flat; forin- 
,_u ... ...o.- I" 8 a pl "" ' flattened - 
. hat modification of the common plan "in which by planCOert, >< Same as planclirr. 
disproportionate growth of the abdomen, the intestine ac- planch (planch), II. [< P. inanche, < L. lanra 
quii TSH neural flexure: distinguished from hemalplan -' - -- ' * 
Man of campaign, (a) A formulated scheme for carry- 
ing on a campaign, (b) In Ireland, a system of procedure 
formed In 18S6 and supported by the National League. The 
officers of the League, acting as trustees, receive the rent 
of tenants on rack-rented estates; this money, less a certain fora nle A' // A ,..,//,/ 
abatementdemanded by the tenant*, is otferedU> the land- , v, 
lord; ifthelatterrcfuBesit.ltlsuBedforsupportlncasesof Plancnt (planch), r. t. [< planch. .] To plank ; 
eviction. Working-plan, a draft, drawn to a large scale, make of or cover with planks or boards, 
supplied to artisans or workmen to work from.=S r " 
[<*".> 
aboard, plank: see pto)!*.] It. A plunk. /- 
.s7iip. 2. In enameling, a slab of tire-brick or 
baked fire-clay used to support the work while 
it is baked in the oven. 3. A flat iron shoe 
Uniit, delineation, sketch. 3. Plan, Scheme, Project, De- 
sign, plot. Design may represent the end which a plan, 
ffhfnie, or project is intended to promote. They all Indicate 
thought given to the general aim and to the details. Scheme 
in the most likely to represent something speculative or 
v i-ionary : as, he was full of schemes ; project stands next 
to it in this respect, butprojtct may also be the most def- 
inite or concrete : as, B project for building a bridge. Plan 
is the least definite ; design and plan may be very indefi- 
nite, or have a concrete sense : as, a desiyn or plan of go- 
ing away ; a desiijn or plan of a house. Scheme Is often 
used in a bad sense ; design sometimes. 
Lay square the blocks upon the slip, 
And follow well this plan of mine. 
Longfellwr, Building of the Ship. 
The scheme of nature itself is a scheme unstrung and 
mistimed. Bushnell, Nature and the Supernat., p. 46. 
And in my ear 
Vented much policy, and projects deep 
Of enemies, of aids, battels, and leagues. 
Milton, t. R., ill. 391. 
O Painter of the fruits and flowers ! 
We thank thee for thy wise design, 
Whereby these human hands of ours 
In Nature's garden work with thine. 
WhitHer, Lines for an Agricultural Exhibition. 
plan (plan), r. /. ; pret. and pp. planned, ppr. 
I'ltiiiHiiiu. [< plan, n.] 1. To lay down on 
paper the different parts, divisions, dimensions, 
plancher. 
And to the vineyard is a piaitftted gate 
Shot., M. for M., Iv. 1. 30. 
Yet with his hoofes doth beat and rent 
1'heplaitched tloore. 
(lorycs, tl. of Liican. (Sam.) 
plancha (plan'cha), H. |Mi-x.] In the Mexican 
silver-mines, a charge of ore ready for smelt- 
ing, and also the disk or plate of argentiferous 
lead produced by the operation, 
plancnert (plan'cher), n. [Also planreer; early 
mod. E. also plannelier ; < P. planrher, a floor or 
ceiling of boards, < i>laaelif,n board, plank: see 
planek, plank.] 1. A plank. 
i IHIH the ground doth lie 
A hollow plancher. l^ily. Maid's Mctamorph. 
Th' anatomized Ash, and fowls from planchert sprang. 
Drayton, folyolblou, ill 272 
2. A floor of wood. 
The holys that ben made forr hand gunny*, thej ben 
scarse kne hey fro the platrncher, and of six-he holls ben 
made fyve. Potion Letters, I. 88. 
Oak, cedar, and chestnut are the best builders : some 
are best for plough timber, as ash : some for plattcnert, as 
deal. Bacon, Nat. Hist., | 668. 
3. In limit., the inferior wall or boundary of a 
cavity. 
and methods of construction of (a machine, planchert (plan'cher), r. [Early mod. E. also 
!,;.. i...ji.i:__ _x_ x. ._ x_ ,_ plauneher; < plancner, n.] I. intrann. To make 
a floor of wood. Abp. Sancroft, Letter, 1691, in 
D'Ovly, U. 16. 
II. li-inif. Same as plancn. 
Towers were plauncherd, & battlements and portcolyses 
_ __ of timber set vp. Oolding, tr. of Ca-sar, fol. 133. 
planaea (pla-ne 7 ftj, . [NL.7< li'. plan us, flat: planchet (plan'chet), n. [< P. planchette, a 
woplain\plane^.] A theoretical organism, cor- small board, a plane table, a cireumferentor, 
responding to the fourth stage in the develop- 
ment of an ovum; a hypothetical multicellular 
ship, building, etc.): as, to plan an edifice. 
2. To scheme ; lay plans for ; devise ways and 
menus for: as, to plan the conquest of a coun- 
try: to jilun one's escape. 
Plan with all thy arts the scene of fate. Pope. 
= Syn. 1. To figure, sketch out, delineate. 
astomatous animal, whose larval form should 
be that of a ciliated plauula. Seepliniula. Also 
_called lilnstsea. ffari-M. 
formerly also the bottom of a stump, a bush, 
etc. (= Sp. planche ta = Pg. prancketa, a cir<-um- 
ferentor), dim. of pianette, a board: see pliim-h. 
plank.'] A flat piece of metal Intended to re- 
ceive a die-impression for a coin ; a coin-blank. 
Planaeadse (pla-ne'a-de), n. pi. [NL., < pla- planchette (plan-chef; as P., plon-shet'). . [< 
ntett + -iidie.] A hypothetical group of animals P. planchettt, a small board, a circumferi'ntor: 
having the form of a ciliated planula and the see planchet.] 1. A small heart-shaped ortri- 
morphological valence of a blastula. supposed angular board mounted on three supports, of 
a. II. . < P. plan = 8p. Pg. piano = It. piano. 
< NL. plannm, a geometrical plane; cf. L. pla- 
nuni, level ground, a plain, neut. of L. plann*. 
level, flat, plane, plain: see j> to ml. n. Cf.plan, 
n. Planel, plain*, iilaii. /limm. are from the same 
L. word.] I. a. l. Having the character of a 
plane; contained within a plane: as. a plane 
mirror; a plane curve, in dimensional geometry 
sometimes applied to a linear manifold of any nunilH-i .'if 
dimensions, lor which fat Is generally used. 
2. Ill luil., having a flat surface or surfaces. 
3. In entom., flat and not deflexed; flat at the 
margins: as, plane elytra Plane angle Seen- 
(*, i. Plane ashler. Sec aMer, s. Plane chart 
curve, function, geometry, Inflection. See th.- nouns.' 
Plane cubic parabola, si < ,-r/w,- Plane scale, in 
nor., a scale on which are graduated chords, sines, tan- 
gents, secants, rhumbs, geographical miles, etc. Plane 
BMW, a disk with a spiral thread upon Its side.- Plane 
surveying, the surveying of tracts of moderate extent 
without regarding the curvature of the earth Plane 
trigonometry. See trigonometry. Plane Wings in 
entmn., wings which are extended horizontally in repose. 
II. w. 1. A geometrical surface such that if 
any two points in it are joined by a straight 
line, the line will lie wholly on the surface; a 
surface such that two of them which have any 
three potato in common must coincide over 
their whole extent; hence, a real surface hav- 
ing (approximately) this form; a level surface. 
It Is thus the simplest of all geometrical surfaces. A 
plane may also lie denned as a Kurface of the form which 
Is the ideal limit toward which the surfaces of three rigid 
solids, A, B, C, approximate, If these are ground together 
In successive pairs. All, BC, CA, AH, and so on Indefl- 
nltely. In higher geometry a plane Is considered as un- 
limited ; but In elementary geometry a part of such a sur- 
face Is also called a plane. 
Specifically 2. In bint.: (a) An ideal surface 
of extension in any axis of an organism : as, the 
vertical longitudinal iilane of the body, (b) A 
surface approximately flat or level; a "hori- 
zon ": as, the plane of the teeth or of the dia- 
phragm. 3. In eiMil-minini/, any slope or in- 
cline on which coal is raised or lowered, but 
usually applied to self-acting inclines, or those 
on which the coal is lowered by gravity. [Penn- 
sylvania anthracite region.]' In England any 
main road, whether level or inclined, may be 
called a plane. 4. In eryxtal., one of the nat- 
ural faces of a crystal. 5. Figuratively, a 
grade of existence or a stage of development : 
as, to live on a higher plane. Alveolocondylean 
plane. See cranunnetry. Aspect Of a plane See n- 
pect. Axial, basal, circular plane, see the adjectives. 
Camper's plane, the plane passing through the auric- 
ular points and the base of the Inferior nasal spine. Also 
called aunculanpinal plane. ~ Cleavage-plane, In min- 
eral., a surface produced by cleavage. 
The flat surfaces obtained by splitting a crystal are called 
Its deaaaye planet. Kncyc. Brit., XVI. S47. 
Composition plane. See comixmtion. Cyclic planes 
of a cone of the second order. See cyclic.- Cycllfy- 
Ing, diagonal, diametral, directing plane. Sec the 
adjectives. Double-acting Inclined plane, In rail., 
etc., an Inclined plane worked by the gravity of the load 
conveyed, the loaded wagons which descend being made 
to pull np the empty ones by meansof a rope passing round 
a pulley or drum at the top of the plane. - Double-tan- 
gent plane. Seedoi/Wr.- Flecnodal, fleflecnodal. fo- 
cal, frontal, horizontal plane. See the adjectives. 
Glabello-lambdoldean plane of Hamy, the plane of 
the glshella and lambda, perpendlcularto the median 
plane.- Olabello-occlpltal plane, the plane of the gla- 
Iwlio-occipital diameter, perpendicular to the median 
plane. Inclined plane, In meeh., a plane Inclined to the 
hortion. or forming with a horizontal plane any angle 
whatever excepting a right angle. It Is one of the mott 
fundamental simple machines or mechanical powers In 
the figure, AC b 
tin- ini lined plane, 
CB the height of 
the plane. BA its 
base, and BAC the 
angle of Inclina- 
tion or elevation. 
The power neces- 
sary to sustain any 
weight on an In- 
clined plane U to 
the weight as the height of the plane to Its length or as 
CB to CA. This was first proved by stevinus, as follows. 
Let the two ends of a chain be joined, and let it l>c then 
hiniK owr the Inelln. .1 plane. Then, the festoon which 
hangs below AB pulls equally upon the two ends, and 
consequently the part lying <>n Ac balances the part on 
I 1 ."' that in. weights proportional to th.- length* of thoae 
two skies of the triangle balance one another. Hence, the 
Inclined Plant. 
