planimeter 
Mr um U stationary. The arm "f the parallelogram de- 
icrlhiil by the tracer Is ci|iial to the IUUMJ l'i P 2 = W i : 
(JPs -f JWo) multiplied li> the altitude, which Is evident- 
ly eunal t W.W;., MI that the are* In W,W x W a W 3 x 
(JP, -i- JWjX The wheel tunn one way In passinc fn.in 
W 3 tnW;,, and the opposite wny in passing from WitiiW t . 
Bnt these two paths are notexactl> i-.,u:il, IMrdUsCMMa 
being plainly W , W ... \V...W :I -i- JW S . The algebraic 
Him oflhe n.lliriK multiplied by the constant length Jl'.j 
gives the area. Sow, any Unite area may lie conceived ax 
formed of such Infinitesimal p*ralleli>grains, and were the 
peripheries of all thews traced <>ut in the direction of the 
motion ,.( cluck hand*, every boundary between two of 
Hi. MI would he traced once forward and again backward, 
10 that the dual reading of the wheel would he the same 
aaif ordv tin- outer IN mndaryof the area were traced. This 
I* IllustraU-d in tlie third ligure. Also called platometer. 
planimetric (plan-i-met'rik), <i. [= F. plani- 
iilri</ue = I'K. planimc trico ; as plaiiiinetr-y + 
-ir.] Pertaining to planimetry or the mensu- 
ration of plane surfaces. Planlmetric function. 
Hee/fimr/mn. 
planimetrlcal (plan-i-met'ri-kal), a. [(.plani- 
mi'trir + -<tl.~\ Same as planimetrie. 
planimetry (pla-nim'et-ri), n. [= P. plani- 
mt'trie = Sp. plautnuetria, planimetria = Pg. It. 
l>liiHiiii<:trin ; < NL. jiltiinim, a plane, + Gr. 
-furpui, < /ifTpnv, measure.] The mensuration 
of plane surfaces, or that part of geometry 
which reganls lines and plane figures. 
planing-inachine (pla'uing-ina-shen*), . 1. 
A machine for planing wood, the usual form 
of which has cutters on a drum rotating on a 
Ptaning-machine. with outside ifcnr. 
an, !*'!: A A, pedestals ; r. main <lriviniM>nlley, keyed In the same 
mam driving stt.ift as the pulley rf. which Ir.insiiuts m'.ti'.n thruu^h 
the belt e to the top cutter-cylinder pulley /. The feed-mechanism 
consists of rollrrs geared together and driven by the pulley g , which 
derives Its motion from the feed-licit r ' , driven by a small pulley on 
the main driving-shaft : A. a hand-wheel operating screw-mechanism 
for raisinif or lowering Ihe top cylinder ; i, crank operating mecha- 
nism for adjusting matching-heacU ; * *', cranks operating adjusting 
mechanism for raising or lowering feed-rolls to accommodate differ- 
ent thicknesses of stuff; /, crank fur regulating the pressure Kir : 
Ht M, weighted levers for holding the feed-rollers with constant pres- 
lure. 
horizontal axis over the board, which passes 
beneath. There may also he cutter-drums underneath 
and at the edges, so as to plane top, bottom, and edges 
simultaneously. Also called uxivd-planer. 
2. A machine-tool for pinning metals, in which 
the metal object to be planed, fixed to a tra- 
versing table, is moved against a relatively 
fixed cutter. Also called metal-planer. 
planing-mill (pla'ning-mil), . 1. A shop 
where planing is done. 2. A planing-ma- 
chine. 
planipennate (pla-ni-pen'at), a. [< L. pliiiimt, 
Hat, -r pciina, wing, 4- -tV' (see peninitr),} Hav- 
ing flat wings not folded in repose and approx- 
imately equal to each other, as a neuropterous 
insect; specifically, belonging to the 1'taiiipcii- 
ttia. 
Planipennia (pla-ni-pen'i-S), n. pi. [NL., < L. 
II/HHIIX. flat, + jtruiKi, wing.] A suborder of 
iieuropterous insects, with nearly equal naked 
manv-veined wings not folded in repose, well- 
developed jaws, and elongate many-jointed an- 
tenna*. The larva are mostly terrestrial, and voracious 
Insect-feeders ; the pupw are incomplete and Inactive; the 
perfect inserts are generally herbivorous. The suborder 
includes such forms as theant-Ilons(Ji'i/rTnv{r > on/trte), m-or- 
plon-n'lesf/'aitorptt&eX and sundry other families, which 
the genera Aicalaphtu, Hemenilritu, Cuniaptrriix, Mantiupa, 
RHaphvlia, and Siali* respectively represent. Hee cuts 
under ant-lion and Panorpa. 
planipennine (ula-ni-pen'in), a. ami n. [< I'lti- 
mi nnia + -IMC' .] I. . Of or pertaining to the 
I'lani/ieiniiii. 
II. . One of the riaxipi-Hnia. 
planipetalous (pla-ni-pet'a-lus), a. [= Sp. 
/iliiiiiin lain = Pg. planiprliiln, < L. plnnux, flat, 
+ NJj. petalum, petal.] In '>'.. naving flat 
petals. 
planirostral (pla-ni-ros'tral), n. [< L. planus, 
flat. + ni.il mm, beak.] Having a broad flat 
lieiik, IIH a lurd. 
planish (plan'ish), r. t. (X OF. plant**, stem of 
'(plain parts of )>ln><ir, equiv. to planer, plane: 
see plane'*, r.] 1. To make smooth or plane, as 
wood. 2. To condense, smooth, and toughen, 
ana metallic plate. l>y light blows of a hammer. 
3. To polish: as. to planish silver goods or 
tin-pl:itc. 
planisher iplan'isl, --r>. . [< /////HI.S/I -f -rl.] 
1. A lliin Ut-Cnded '""1 n-c.1 bv tinners KM 
4630 
braziers forsinoothiiig tin-plate and brasswork. 
2. A workman who planishes, smooths, or 
planes. 3. A device for flattening sections 
cut by a microtome for microscopic examina- 
tion. 
planishing-hammer (plan'ish-ing-ham'6r), . 
A hammer used for planishing, having a head 
with highly polished convex faces, usually 
i-.ilher broader than the face of a common ma- 
chinists' hammer; also, less correctly, a simi- 
lar hammer used for flattening, curving, etc. 
planishing-roller (plau'ish-ing-ro'ler), n. A 
highly polished roller used for smoothing sur- 
faces of metal plate, as copper plated witli tin 
or silver. Specifically, one of the second pair of rolls 
through which coln-mctAl Is passed In preparing It for 
minting. They are made of case-hardened Iron and 
highly polished. The strips of metal are passed between 
them cold, and are brought hy them to the required 
thickness. 
planisblng-stake (plan'ish-ing-stak), n. A 
small bench-anvil used to support anything 
being shaped with a planishing-hammer. 
planisphere (plan'i-sfer), . [= P. planisphere 
= Sp. planixjcrio = Pg. planisj>herio = It. pla- 
nisferio,<. Ij.plnnus, flat, 4- gplima, sphere: see 
sphere.'} 1. A projection of the sphere ; espe- 
cially, a polar projection of the celestial sphere. 
2. An apparatus consisting of a polar projec- 
tion of the heavens, with a card over it turning 
about the pole, and so cut out as to show the 
part of the heavens visible at a given latitude 
at a given local sidereal time. 
planispheric (plan-i-sfer'ik), a, [= F. pltmi- 
ni>heruiue; as pki>ii<n>ltere + -if.] Of or per- 
taining to a planisphere; resembling a plani- 
sphere. 
Planixpheric representation of the cerebral convolu- 
tions. Natwre, XXX. 181. 
planispiral (pla-ni-spi'ral), n. [< L. planvs, 
flat, + spirri, a coil, spire : see spire.'} Coiled in 
one plane, like a watch-spring or flat spiral, as 
the antlia of a butterfly; whorled in discoid 
form, as a shell of the genus 1'lanorbis. Also 
planospiral. 
plank (plangk), n. [<ME.;>/rtA;e, < OF. Btonte, 
assibilated planclie, F. planche, dial, plnnkt = Pr. 
jilanca, plniiclin, planqua = Sp. plancha = Pg. 
pranclta = It. piana = OFries. plaiikc = D.jilatik 
= MIjQ.pliinke= MllG.plankf,l>l<tMke,G. plankc 
= Sw. plnnka = Dan. plankc, < L. planca, a 
plank, a nasalized form of *pMta, = Gr. ir/<ijf 
(7r/n/s-), a flat surface, a plain, tablet, plate. Cf. 
plnck. See planch, a doublet of plank. The 
Ir. and W. plane is appar. < E.] 1. A piece of 
timber differing from a board in having greater 
thickness; also, loosely, a board. See board. 
Ne nevere man dide, slthe the tyme of Noe, saf a Monk 
that be the grace of God bronghte on of the PlanJret 
doun ; that /it la In the Mynstre, at the foot of the Mon- 
tayne. Mandeville, Travels, p. 148. 
Across the fallen oak the pUmk I laid. 
Gay, Shepherds Week, Monday, 1. 107. 
2f. A slab (of stone). 
Over his |Sir T. Browne's] Grave was soon after erected 
... a Monument of Freestone, with a Plank of Marble 
thereon. Wood, Athene Oxon., II. 624. 
3. Iii a printing-press, the frame on which the 
carriage slides. 4. In ribbon-weaving, the bat- 
ten of the Dutch engine-loom or swivel-loom. 
8. Figuratively, one of the articles or para- 
graphs formulating distinct principles which 
form the program or platform of a political or 
other party (the word platform being taken in 
a double sense). 
In the f'hicago platform there Is a pfanion this subject, 
which should be a general law to the Incoming Adminis- 
tration. Lincoin, in Raymond, p. 86. 
We should get those amendments out of the way before 
we strike out for the summer campaign. We want two 
plank* uou -extension of slavery, and state reform. 
5. Bouta, In Men-lain. L 21. 
Walking the plank, a mode of inflicting death formerly 
practised by pirates by causing their victims to walk along 
a plank laid across the bulwarks of a ship till they over- 
balanced It and fell Into the sea. 
plank (plangk), r. t. [=OFries. ptonten = MD. 
plankrn = MLQ. plunken == 6. planken = Sw. 
planka = Dan. pUinke, plank; from the noun. 
Cf . planch, r.] 1 . To cover or lay with planks : 
as, to plank a floor. 
The street* of their cities and townes Instead of palling 
are planked with flr trees, plained A layd euen close the 
one to the other. HaUuyt'i Vayaget, I. 480. 
2. To lay or place as on a plank or table : as, 
he planked down the money. [Colloq.] 3. In 
hnl-manuf., to harden bv felting. See plaiikiiii/. 
4. 4. 1*o unite, as slivers of wool, to form 
roving. 5. To split, as fish, and cook upon a 
board. See the quotation. [U.S.] 
planometer 
The principal dish was planked shad, hy this process 
four flsh arc fastened t<> a lioartl, and held tow arils a hot 
nre. Whilst cooking, the flsh are constantly banted with 
a preparation made of butter, salt, and other ingredients. 
Science. V. 426. 
plank-hook (plangk'huk),. A pole armed with 
an iron hook, used in moving the runs or wheel- 
ing-planks in a quarry, a mine, or the like. 
planking (plang'king), . [Verbal n. of plank, 
r.J 1. The operation of laying down planks 
or of covering with planks. 2. Planks ..... i- 
collectively, as in a floor; a piece of 
work made up of planks; specifically, in ,s-/i//j- 
buildina, the skin or covering of wooden timbers 
on the outer and inner surfaces of the ribs, and 
upon the beams. Astrake is a line of planking. 
nates are strakes of thick planking. Sec cut 
under beam. 3. In sinnnitu/, the splicing toge- 
ther of slivers of long-stapled wool. See /////.- 
ing-frame. 4. Oiieor thennisbingoperations in 
felting hats. The hardened hat-body Is passed through 
a cistern containing a hot acidulated water, and between 
pressing-rollers, the procew compacting the flbers Into 
felt. 
5. In a steam-cylinder, the lagging or clothing. 
Anchor-stock planking, in .*/<//< '<")'/<//</./, planks with 
one edge straight and the other so cut that the planks taper 
from the middle in both directions. The middle of one is 
placed over or under the ends of two others. 
planking-clamp (plaug'kiug-klainp), n. In 
uliip-builtliiiii, a tool used to bend a strike against 
the ribs of a vessel, and hold it in position un- 
til it can be nailed or bolted. Also called plank- 
ing-screw. 
planking-machine (plang'king-ma-sben'), n. 
A machine for rubbing, pressing, and steaming 
formed hat-bodies, to give them strength and 
thickness. 
planking-screw (plang'kiug-skro), . Same as 
plankintf-claittp. 
plank-Sheer (plangk'sher), n. l?aut.,the gun- 
wale; a timber carried round the ship which 
covers and secures the timber-heads. Also 
called covering-bmird. 
planky (plang'ki), a. [< plank + -y 1 .] Con- 
structed of planks or boards. [Kare.] 
He came before the plankie gates, that all for strength 
were wrought. Chaptnan, Iliad, ill. 
planless (plan'les),n. [< plan -f- -tetw.] Hav- 
ing no plan. Colcrtdgc. 
planner (plan'er), n. One who plans or forms 
a plan ; a projector. 
planoblast (pla'no-blast), . [< Or. irUvos, 
wandering, + flhaoToc, germ.] A wandering 
bud; the free medusoid of gymnoblastic hy- 
drozoans; the gonophore of such hydroids, de- 
tached from the colony, leading an independent 
locomotory life, and discharging its mature 
sexual products into the sea: distinguished 
from the hedriolilaul, or sedentary bud. with a 
single known exception (that of Dicoryne), planohlasts are 
craspedote or K Inni-bearlng medusa:, bell-shaped, with 
the walls of the bell or umbrella mainly of gelatinous con- 
sistence; from the hell hangs a tubular Iwdy, the inanii- 
hrium ; the opening of the bell-cavity is the codonostonia, 
partially closed by a membranous velum ; and a variable 
number of filaments, the tentacles, hang from the margin 
of the umbrella. 
To the gonophores belonging to this group [OymiuiUa*- 
lea] the name of plaiuMatt* (wandering buds) may be 
G.J.'AUmatt, Challenger Reports, Hydroida, X XIII. IL 26. 
planoblastic (pla-no-blas'tik), a. Of the na- 
ture of or pertaining to planoblasts; medusoid. 
plano-concave (pla'no-kon'kav), a. [< L. pla- 
wws, plane, + cmtcavwt, concave : see concave.} 
Plane on one side and concave on the other. 
piano-conical (pla'u6-kon'i-kal),Yi. [< L. I'lu- 
nim, plane, + conicus, conic : see conic, conical.} 
Plane on one side and conical on the other. 
plano-convex (pla'no-kon'veks), a. [< L. />/"- 
nun, plane, + cnnvexux, convex: see <-<nur.\ 
Plane on one side and convex on the other. 
planodia (pla-no'di-a), n. [< Gr. ir'/nr<n; wan- 
dering, + od<5r, a way, road.] A false passage, 
such as may be made in using a catheter. 
planogamete (plan'o-ga-met), . [< Gr. ir/Wi-?, 
a wandering, + >n/Tvf, < ja^riv, marry.] In 
hot., a motile gamete: same MJoJjplMMtBi See 
ijamete. 
planographist ( pla-nog'ra-fist), n, [< L. plamix, 
plane, + Gr. }po$rfr. write. + -int.} A surveyor; 
a plan- or map-maker. [Rare.] 
All ptawvrraphixt* ctf the Holy rity. 
W. M. Ttiamnm, Land and liook, p. 421. (Ktifi/r. IMrl.l 
piano-horizontal (pla*n6-hor-i-zon'tal ), a. [< 
I,, iilinni.^, plane, + ML. ~liri:<itali,i, horizon- 
tal: see An -/<//.] Having a plane horizontal 
surface or position. 
planometer (pla-nom'e tcri, ;/. |< L. I'lniiii.-;, 
plane, + Hr. /r/xir, a measure.] A plane snr- 
