planometer 
face used in machine-making as a gage for plane 
surfaces; a surface-plate. 
planometry (pla-nom'et-ri), M. [< L. plannx. 
plane, + Or. -/icr/iiu, < /ifrpov, measure.] The 
nn-asiircnient or gaging of plane surfaces; the 
art or act of using a planometer. 
piano-orbicular (pla'no-or-bik'u-iar), a. [< L. 
/!/(/>', plane, + NL. orbicttlarix, orbicular: 
see orhirnlitr.} Flat on one side and spherical 
(in the other. 
Planorbinae (pla-nor-bi'ne), w. pi. [NL., < 
I'liiiiinii/.i + -hue.] A subfamily of pond-snails 
of the family Liiuini'iili,; typified by the genus 
riniioi'liis, having a flat discoidal or planispiral 
sin 11. The subfamily is one of three, contrasted 
with ///minand Aneylime. 
planorbine (pla-nor'bin), a. [< li.plauuti, flat, 
plane. + ni'bis, circle, disk, + -ine l.] Whorled 
in a round flat spiral; planispiral, as a pond- 
snail ; belonging to the Planorbimr. 
Planorbis (pla-nor'bis), n. [NL., < L. plaiuix, 
Hat. plane, + orbis, circle, disk: seeocfc 1 .] The 
typical genus of Planorbinte. 
Ills very extensive, including about 
150species, 25 of which are found in 
the United States. They inhabit 
pondH and sluggish streams. 
planorbite (pla-n6r'bit), . 
[< I'lnwhi* + -it,*.-} Afos- 
sil species of Planorbis, or some similar planor- 
bine shell. 
Planorbulina (pla-n6r-bu-li'n6), . [NL., < L. 
plan UK, plane, + KL. Orbiiliiui, q. v.] A genus 
of foraininit'ers whose tests are of planorbine 
figure. 
planorbuline (pla-nor'bu-lin), . [< I'lanorlm- 
tiiHi.-] Of or pertaining to the genus I'lanorbu- 
Two of tlie most renmrkahle modifications of the planar- 
Imam- type, which strikingly illustrate the extremely wide 
range of variation among Koraminifera, are Polytrema 
and Orbitolina. Encye. Brit., IX. 380. 
planospiral (pla-no-spi'ral), n. See plaHini>irnl. 
planosubulate (pla'no-sub'u-lat), <i. [< L. 
.I, plane, + NL. xiihidittux, awl-shaped: see 
i: | Smooth and awl-shaped. 
plant 1 (plant), H. [< ME. plantr, plannte (partly 
< OF.), < AS. pfcmfeaD.JMOntsMLG. plantr = 
OHG. phlama, Jltinza, ptunza, MHO. O. pflan:, 1 
= Icel. planta = Sw. planta = Dan. filante = 
OF. (and F.) jilaute = I'r. Sp. Pg. planta It. 
liiniitii. :\ plant, < L. plaiita, a sprout, shoot, 
t wig, slicker, graft, scion, slip, cutting, a young 
tree that may bo transplanted, a set, hence in 
general a plant; prob. orig. a spreading sucker 
(cf. I'/in/ta, the sole of the foot: see plant 8 ); 
lit. 'something flat or spreading,' < y pint == 
Gr. irAari'f, broad : see plnfi, plate. In the later 
senses (defs. 5-10) the noun is from the verb. 
Cf. </.] 1. A shoot or slip recently sprouted 
from seed, or rooted as a cutting or layer; espe- 
cially, such a slip ready for transplanting, as 
one of the cabbage-p/iv/iiV, tomato-^te, etc., 
of the market. 
Thoughe that Men bryngen of the Plaunt*, for to plant- 
en in other Contrees, thei growen wel an<l fayre, but the! 
bryngen furthe no fructuous thing ; and the Levcs of Bawnie 
lie fidlen nuughtc. Mandentle, Travels, p. 50. 
Transplauntu alle hoole the plannle [of cahhage], and it 
is slaye. Palladia*, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. US. 
2. A sapling; hence, a stick or staff ; a cudgel. 
He caught a plante of an appell tre, and caste his sheldc 
to groumlc, anil tukethe Irani- In iKithe handes, and seide 
he wolde make hem to remove. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.X HI. 493. 
There ia a man haunts the forest, that atnises our young 
lilunt* with carving " Kosalind " on their harks. 
Shale., As you Like it, iii. 2. 37S. 
Sir Roger's servant*, and among the rest my old friend 
the Imtler, had, I found, provided themselves with good 
oaken plants, to attend their master upon this occasion. 
Addison, Sir Eoger at the Play. 
3. An herb or other small vegetable growth, in 
contrast with trees. 4. An individual living 
being with a material organism, not animal in 
its nature; a member of the vegetable king- 
dom; a vegetable, in the widest sense. While 
the ditferenee between plants and animals in all their 
liiirher forms is clearly marked, science has hitherto been 
unable to lix upon any one absolutely universal criterion 
I'i'tween them. Nothing perhaps is so distinctive of the 
plant as its power to appropriate and assimilate mineral 
matter directly, whereas most animals live on the pro- 
ducts of previous organization. The plant thus mediates 
in the scheme of nature between the mineral and the ani- 
mal world, fin-mini: :in essential condition of most animal 
existence, liut many plant*, including the wholegroap 
of Fwtyi, anil the saprophytic, parasitic, and carnivorous 
lowering plants, live wholly ur in part on organic matter, 
while not all animals arc confined to organic nutriment. 
Si iiniiiiiil anil I'mtixtii. For the fundamental classifica- 
tion of plants, see Cryptagawia and Phanrnxminia. 
In some places.those plant* which are entirely poisonous 
at home, lose their deleterious quality by being carried 
abroad. (Jotdnnith, ( 'itizen of the World, xci. 
5. The fixtures, machinery, tools, apparatus, 
appliances, etc., necessary to carry on any 
trade or mechanical business, or any mechan- 
ical operation or process. 
What with the utairf.as Mr. Peck technically phrased a 
great upas-tree of a total, branching out Ink) types, cases, 
printing-presses, engines, Ac., ... my fathers fortune 
was reduced to a sum of between seven and eight thousand 
pounds. Ihilutr, Caxtona, xL 6. (Uariet.) 
The entire plant, and even the fuel, were transported on 
heavy waggons across the Karroo, at an enormous coat to 
the young settlement. Furtmghtty Rev., N. S., XLI11. 880. 
6. Concealed plunder. [Thieves' slang.] 7. 
A trick; dodge; swindle; artifice. [Slang.] 
It wasn't a had plant, that of mine, on Flkey, the man 
accused of forging the Sou' Western Railway debentures. 
MaftsM, 
Such-and-such an aiithorsays that ao-and-so was "burnt 
alive," followed by a silly smattering of righteous indigna- 
tion at what never happened, while the dispassionate 
scholar finds tin whole tiling A plant. 
N. and Q., 7th ser., IX. 50. 
8. In fixh-culturr, a deposit of fry or eggs. 
9. pi. Oysters which have been bedded: in dis- 
tinction from uatirex: as, Virginia plant*. [A 
market-term, applied chiefly to Virginia oysters 
bedded in Providence Kiver.] 10. ]>l. Young 
oysters suitable for plantingor transplantation. 
'Ballast-plants. See ballad. Blind, herbaceous, 
luminous, etc , planta. see the adjectives. Flower- 
Ing plant. Sec Phanrnyamia. Indicative plants, 
R|K i cies whieh, in their natural habitat, are reputed to in- 
dicate the presence of certain minerals. (('. S.| Move- 
ment of plants. See movement. Parasitic plants. 
See paraxific. Pot-plant, potted plant, a plant grown 
in a Mower-pot, as in conservatories and hothouses. =8yn. 
4. See vegetable, n. 
plant 1 (plant), r. [< ME. plantrn, plaunti n 
(partly < OF.), < AS. plitntian (d-plantian,<jc- 
plantian) =1>. i>la>itrn = MLO. ]ilanten = OHO. 
plilan:t>n, Jlan:i>n, MHO. O. pflan:en = Icel. 
planta = Sw. planta = Dan. plantr = OF. (and 
V.) planter = I'r. Sp. Pg. ]>luntar = It. jiiantarr, 
< L. plantnrc, set, plant, transplant, < planta, 
a sprout, shoot, scion, plant : seey^nii/ 1 , n.] I. 
trnnK. 1. To put or set in the ground forgrowth, 
as seed, young shoots, cuttings, vegetables with 
roots, etc.: as, to plant potatoes; to plant trees. 
Nowc onyons sowe, and tasul in his place 
Lettc plavnte; and riinel sowe, eke Armararc I horse rad- 
ish]. Palladia*, Husbondrie (E. E. T. 8.X p. 210. 
2. To lay out and prepare by putting or setting 
seed, etc., in the ground; furnish with plants: 
as, to plant a garden or an orchard. 
Tlie 1.. ii .1 < init planted a garden eastward In Kden ; and 
there he put the man whom he had formed. (ion. ii. s. 
3. To implant; sow the seeds or germs of; en- 
gender. 
It engenders cholcr, planteth anger. 
Shot., T. of the S., Ir. I. 175. 
They planteil in them a hatred of vices, especially of ly- 
ing, and in the next place of debt 
Pwcha*, Pilgrimage, p. 373. 
4. To put; place; set; especially, to post or 
place firmly in position; fix; set up: as, he 
planted himself in front of me; to plant a 
standard on the enemy's battlements. 
I'linil yourself there, sir; and observe me. 
B. Joiaon, Cynthia's Revels, II. 1. 
The Duke, having planted his Ordnance, battered the 
other side. 
Quoted in CafL John Smith'* True Travels, I. 11. 
Tlie Duke of Marlborough planted his creatures round 
his lordship. (joUnnM, Bollnghroke. 
He planted himself with a firm foot In front of the image. 
Harham, Ingoldshy Legends, 1. 148. 
5. To establish or set up for the first time; in- 
troduce and establish : as, to plant Christianity 
among the heathen; to plant a colony. 
He would entreat your care 
To plant mo In the favour of some man 
That 's expert in that knowledge. 
Fletcher, Spanish Curate, ii. 1. 
When the Romans sent Legions nd planted Colonies 
Abroad, it was for divers political Considerations. 
UmreJt, Letters, ii. 58. 
6. To furnish ; provide with something that is 
set in position or in order. 
The port of the said Citie Is strongly fortified with two 
strong Castles, and one other Castle within the cltie, being 
all very well planted with munition. 
/laHnyt't Voyage*, II. 281. 
A very goodly strong Castle, well planted with Ordinance. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 98. 
Rochdale, by a crosae pale welnigh foure mflea long, ia 
\so planted with house^along the pale. 
Quoted In CapL John SmiMt Works, II. 1:1. 
7. To introduce and establish new settlers in; 
settle; colonize. 
Plantaginex 
Neither may wee think? that Moiea Intended ao much a 
(!eoKrai>hlcnli history nf ull the Natlotuof the world, many 
uf which were not, long after this ttmt<, planted or peopled. 
Jhircfcu, Pilgrimage, p. 45. 
lie came hither to return to England for supply, Intend- 
ing to return and plant Delaware, 
H' lit/An^, H tot New England, II. MC. 
This year the towna on the river of Connecticut began to 
be planted. N. Morton, New England's M emorlal, p. 181. 
8. To place or locate as colonists or settler*. 
Vpon the twelfth of this Moneth came In a Pinnace of 
captain* Bargranea, and on the aeuentventh Caplalne 
l '* in H. and one Muster Euans, who Intended to plant 
themselnes at Waraakoyack. 
Quoted In Capt. John Smilh'i Works, II. 38. 
9. To hide; conceal : place in concealment, as 
plunder or swag. [Thieves' slang.] 1O. In 
fixli-culturr, to deposit (eggs or fry) in a river, 
lake, or pond. 11. To oe<i (oysters); bed 
down, transplant, or sow (young or small oys- 
ters). 12. To put, as gold or the like, in the 
ground, or in a pretended mine, where it can 
be easily found, for the purpose of affecting 
the price of the land ; also, to treat, as laud, in 
this way; "salt." 
A united claim, a pit sold for a lot note. In which a nug- 
get worth a few shillings hail liefore >>een planted. 
Percy Clarke, New Chum In Australia, p. 72. 
TT intrant. 1. To sow seed or set shoots, etc., 
in the soil, that they may grow. 
I have planted, Apollna watered, bnt God gave the in 
i. a-.. 1 Cor. III. . 
2t. To settle down ; locate as settlers or colo- 
nists; take up abode as a new inhabitant, or as 
a settler in a new country or locality ; settle. 
If we desired to plant In Conlghtecute, they should Bin- 
tip their right to us. 
HVuMrnp, In Bradford's Plymouth Plantation, p. :.(:>. 
Taunton and Brldgewater men are confident that they 
are plantina about Assawamslt or Hart mouth, and did yes- 
terday track 200 of them, as they Judge, toward AsMwam- 
set 
(Jar. Wiialmc, In App. to New England's Memorial, p. 1 1 
plant'-'t (plant), . [< F. plantr = Sp. Pg. plnnta 
= It. pianta, < L. jilantn. the sole of the foot: 
see plant' 1 .'} The sole of the foot, or the foot 
itself. See planla. 
Knotty legs, and plant* of clay, 
Heck for ease, or love delay. 
B. Jotaon, M i-. ( ii. of i ili. -M, n. 
planta (plan'tH), . ; pi. plantte <-te). [L., the 
sole of the foot: see plant'*.] 1. In rrrtebrate 
mint., the sole of the foot: corresponding to 
fialma of the hand, and opposed to ilitmtim or 
the rotulnr aKfirct of the foot. See cuts under 
iligituirnilr and ]il,iiitit/rn,lc. 2. In ornith., the 
back of the shank; the hind part of the tarso- 
metatarsus, corresponding morphologically to 
the sole of the foot of a mammal. See cut un- 
der bootftl. 3. In rutnm., the first joint of the 
tarsus, when it is large or otherwise distin- 
guished from the rest, which are then collec- 
tively called the duiittiit. Also called mttatar- 
sus, in which case the other joints collectively 
are the ttartyliix. 
plantable (plan'ta-bl), n. [ = It- piantabilr. ; as 
plant* + -uMr.-} Capable of being planted, cul- 
tivated, settled, placed, etc. 
The Land as you go farther from theSeariseth still some- 
what higher, and becomes of a more plantable Mould. 
Dam pier. Voyages, II. II. 68. 
plant-a-cmive, planta-crew (plant'a-kniv, 
plan'ta-kr8), n. [Perhaps < OF. plante, a plant, 
plant, a plantation, -t- acretrr, acreur, growth: 
see acme, n.] A small inclosure for the pur- 
pose of raising colewort-plants, etc. [Scotch.] 
plantaget ()>lan'taj), ii. [< OV.plantagr, a plant- 
ing or setting, also plantain, r . jilnntiii/r, plan- 
tation, = Sp. plantaji; a collection of plants, 
= Pg. plantagem, plants, herbs; cf. ML. jiliin- 
tnijiiim, jilnntinjH, a plantation of trees or vines; 
< L. planta, a plant: see plant 1 and -";/'-] 
Plants generally. 
As true as steel, as plantaiir to the moon. 
As sun to day. Shot.. T. and ('., liL 2. 184. 
[The allusion In this passage Is explained by the following : 
The jxior husbandman perceiveth that the increase of 
the moon maketli plants fruteful. 
Reginald Scott, Disc, of Witchcraft. I 
Plantaginace(plan'ta-ji-na'>i . . . /./. [ NL. 
iLindley, \S35), < Plantago (I'lnntntjin-) + 
.] Same as Plantaginer. 
Plantagineae (plan-ta -jin'e-e), FI. pi. [NL. 
(Ventenat, 1794), < rinta<i,> (l'lnntn,iin-) + 
-r.] The plantain family, an niiutiialous order 
of gamopctaldiis plants, little n-lnted to any 
cither, charncteri/ed by the scariuus corolla 
with altemati- stain. 'ii-: se|ials. jietals, ami 
stiiineiis each usually four; ami tlie small en- 
tire two-celled pod, usually circumscissile. It 
