in-lit covering or 
plate 4538 
film of one metal to (the 2. Covered or overlaid with a different and es- 
or protected with hard dermal plates or scutes ; 
scutate or loricate; shielded Plated ware a 
name especially Riven to vessels of base metal, etc., coaled 
or plated with gold or silver, as distinguished from ptfitr, 
n.,4. 
Burface of another). 3. To arm or cover (a pecially a richer material : as, plated silk hose; 
ship) with armor-plates. 4. To beat into thin plated forks and spoons. 3. In ;ool., covered 
flat pieces or lamina-. S. To implant (micro- 
organisms) in a thin layer of gelatin spread 
upon a glass plate. See plate-culture Chemical 
plating or dipping, a process performed In some cases 
by the mere iininersTon of out- metal in a hot or cold solu- 
tion of some salt of another metal, as in plating iron with plate-fleett (plat'flet), n. The vessels engaged 
copper by dipping the former In sulphate of copper solu. j n transporting masses of precious metal ; es- 
Uon, or the coating of brass with tin by boiling tne brass pec ially, the vessels which transported to Spain 
the products of the mines in Spanish America. 
The [Spanish] admiral's ship was called the Armadillo 
of Carthagena, one of the greater galleys of the royal 
plate- fleet. MUten, Letters of State. 
The Plate-Fleet also from Lima comes hither with the 
King's Treasure. Dampier, Voyages, I. 179. 
plater 
Brltlih regulation, are (1) The maker's mark or Initials. 
(2) The assay-mark. For gold, the assay-mark is a crown 
and figures Indicating the number of carats fine. >'or sil- 
ver, In England, it Is a lion passant ; In Ireland, a harp 
crowned ; In Glasgow, a lion rampant ; and in Edinburgh, 
a thistle. (3) The hall-mark of tbe district office. These 
offices are at London, York, Exeter, Chester, Newcastle, 
in a solution of cream of tartar to which scraps of tin have 
been added. Tin-plating of this sort is also variously called 
wuhiny, tinning, silvering, or whitening. It is much em- 
ployed In various arU, particularly In the manufacture of 
brass pins. The words plate and plating are often coupled 
with the prefixed name of the metal which forms the outer 
surface: as, niter-plate, nicer-plating, to plate with silver, 
'at lug with silver; 
Plate-marks. 
EL crowned (maker* name Eliot); Britannia and lion's head 
I new standard of silver) ; castle (mark of the Exeter assay omcel : 
M (date-mark the year 1713). 
Birmingham, Sheffield, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Dub- 
lin. The mark is generally the coat of arms of the town. 
-, plate-frame (plat'fram), n. Inphotog., a frame 
*.'- Dr^^T^esToTco^inS ThfsurfacTof of , an >' k ,V! d for >? o ! din K, ? r receiving a plate; 
iron by rubbing it over with brass (usually a brass-wire 
w> ii 1 1^> i\ i iii i i ' 'i j M M< 1 1 1 1 ;_; \ >i 11 
a dark-slide ; a plate-holder. 
- 
brush) till It is covered with adherent brass. The pro- plateful (plat'ful), . 
cess is used in mending broken cast-Iron articles. Sur- much as a plate will hol 
[< 
d 
plate + -/ 
As 
plate-gage (plat'gaj), n. A plate with notched 
edges used to measure the thickness of metal 
^re-gilding when the coating Is of gold), plating performed 
either by a process of soldering the film or coating direct- 
ly to the surface of the object to be plated, or, when the 
coating will not directly adhere, by first coating the object 
with a metal which has an affinity for both the metal of 
the object to be plated and the metal used for the plating. 
Thus iron, to which sliver cannot be made to adhere di- 
rectly, may be silver-plated by first coating It with copper, 
the latter having affinity for both iron and sUver. In 
fire-plating the surface to be covered is laid over with a 
suitable flux, upon which the silver-foil is smoothly placed, 
and the whole Is then heated till the metals unite. Rolled 
plating, the soldering together of bars of different metals plate-glass (plat'glas), n. 
and of considerable thickness, and then rolling the com- thick o-lftss used for mirrr 
pound oar out into a thin plate. In this way a thin sheet 
of some base metal, as copper, may be plated on one side 
or on both with a much thinner layer of fine metal, as 
silver. The material called rolled gold, much used for 
cheap watch-cases and jewelry, is thus made.- To plate 
a port, in a steam-engine, to close a port by the land or 
unperforated part of the plate of a slide-valve. E. B. 
Knight. 
Platea (pla'te-a), n. [NL. : see Platalea.] In 
ornith., same as Platalea. Brisson, 1760. 
plate-armor (plat'ar'mor), . Defensive ar- 
mor consisting of plates of metal. 
(Imp. Diet.) All these marks are sometimes called * 
marln. 
2. In an engraving, the depression in the pa- 
per around the edges of an impression taken 
from an incised plate. It is caused by the 
force of the press when striking off. 
cv *&*- uo<7U LU measure me HUDBUHMH Ul IllclUl _i . .. * , t-^t A . . v 
plates. ThenotchesareofgraduatedsUndardmeasure. **^^^ g*^' <&*?& * 
of thickness, and are numbered in accordance with the 
thicknesses they represent Different standards are in 
use. The thickness of a plate is definitely specified only 
when both the number of the notch it fits and the kind of 
gage used are named : as, No. 16 Birmingham gage ; No. 
10 Brown and Sharp's gage ; etc. See irire-gage. 
late-girder (plat'ger'der), . A girderformed 
of a single plate of metal, or of a series of 
plates joined together. 
_ ..._"" A superior kind of 
thick glass used for mirrors, ana also for large 
a number of stereotype plates for insertion in 
different newspapers, costing them much less 
than would have to be paid for setting. 
To-day one of these plate mailer manufacturing firms 
has branch offices and foundries in New York, Boston, 
Cincinnati, Chicago, Minneapolis, and Han Francisco, 
maintaining a corps of editors and employing a large force 
of compositors and stereotype at each point. It fur- 
nishes matter for almost every depai-tmeutof a newspaper 
except editorial articles and local news. 
WettminHer Keo., CXXVIII. 862. 
panes in windows, shop-fronts, etc. (See plate, plate-metal (plat'met'al), n. A plate of metal 
12.) The materials for this kind of glass are selected and produced in the process of refining pig-iron as 
plateau (pla-to'), .; pi. plateaus (-to/'), pla- 
feai(-toz'). [<F.j)Zutert,dim.of7>ta<,aplate: 
compounded with much greater care than those of ordi- 
nary glass. The fused metal is poured upon a true-faced 
iron talile and there rolled out into a plate having parallel 
faces and a uniform thickness, by means of an iron roller, 
running on supporting bars at the sides of the table which 
gage the thickness. By ingenious mechanism the plate 
while yet hot is transferred to the annealing-oven. It Is *--- ..~ , .~ ...,. o...^^ ,<*. 
carried through this oven, retaJned on flat supports, and plate-mill (plat'mil), )i. A mill for rolling 
metal plates. It usually has long rolls, necessitated 
by the width of the plates, and the rolls are made very 
heavy and strong in order to prevent springing and con- 
preparatory to its being puddled in the rever- 
beratory furnace, according to the method fol- 
lowed in Yorkshire for the production of a high 
class of iron. Such plates are grooved on the bottom 
and have been cooled rapidly, so as to be easily broken In 
Pieces. Also tn\}<n\ line-metal, w/utt metal, or simply metal. 
, 
V!? dl i', lly i? ooIed .- Both 8urtac< * * then "tehly pol- 
, unpolished plate-glass. Before grinding and 
but where distinct vision would be objectionable. Plates 
of this kind vary In thickness from about JJ, inch to 1 inch 
or more. 
mountain-ranges. The word is nearly synonymous 8 .!.^. 1 . 8 . 1 . ar ? e !>;^ d / t 8 K5'- li ? htei P eld f. wal . k . 8 a . d . ro ?.' 8 . 
with table-land as that word is used by many geographers. 
Thus, the Alps are characterized by the absence of pla- 
teaus; the Asiatic ranges, from Asia Minor eastward to 
China, by the prewnce of table-lands and high, broad.pla- .o,*" + / i-,/,, ,-, 
teau-like valleys. plate-nat (plat'nat), . A hat made with an 
2. (a) A tray for table service, (ft) A decora- ou ter P i] e or nap of finer material than the 
tivo plaque. [French uses.] body. Such hats are often made water-proof, 
plate-basket (plat'bas'ket), . 1. A basket and stiffened before the nap is added, 
lined with metal, for removing plates and other plate-holder (plat'hol'der), n. 1. Inphotog., 
M cuy, n. [/IIBU jntiiiH, [mtiiitt' ," \ 
. a plate, lock-plate, pillar-plate, 
scutcheon, plate of a printing-press, covering- 
plate, etc., < plat, flat : see plat* and plate.] In 
printing, the flat part of a press which comes 
down upon the form, and by which the impres- 
sion is made Platen press, any form of printing- 
press which gives impression from a platen, In distinction 
from rotary or cylinder presses, which give impression 
from a cylinder or a curved surface. 
(plat'en), n. [Appar. a reduced form 
LOI, iu reuiUTUig pittii's ana oiner K** WV -**w*w?* \j***o u^i 1^*^, n. *. x J/HI/CW/., piabcii* vp 1 ** fii;, . L-^PP" 1 - a reaucea ion 
utensils which have been used at table, pro- a Movable frame fitted to a camera, used to and special use of platinum.} An alloy used i 
"""*='" '" 1 *~-">"" f "- ! * ! -"' 1 - 1 "* l - : ~ l - - i-;-- v..^ 
contain and transport a sensitized plate, which 
is exposed to the image projected by the lens 
paratpry to washing them. 2. A basket, usu- 
ally divided into compartments, for holding the 
knives, forks, spoons, etc., in daily use. 
plate-bender (plat'ben'der), . A pincers with 
curved bits used for bending dental plates with- 
out leaving marks. 
plate-black (plat'blak), n. See black. 
plate-bone (plat'b6n),n. The blade-bone; the 
omoplate, shoulder-blade, or scapula, 
plate-box (plat'boks), n. 1. A grooved box 
of appropriate size, for holdinj 
plates or finish 
cially designed 
for the safe-kec 
when removed 
age; a safety-box, 
plate-brass (plat'bras),i. Boiled brass ; latten. man 
K. H. Knttjht. to the 
tt;^}ge (p X; h"avin T g he a SSMS Jsszszsss^ - tho " - <**'" * 
of mushroom form. a. Spencer, Universal Progress, p. M. 
The^iAite bulb pf beams should be bent before the an- plate-leather (plat'leTH'^r), n. Chamois lea- 
f or i 
making buttons, composed'of eight "parts of 
copper and five parts of zinc. 
by withdrawing a slide or shutter after the hold- plate-paper (plat'pa'per), n. 1 . Paper to which 
er is in position in the camera ; a dark-slide ; a a high gloss is imparted on both sides by pack- 
plate-frame. The plate-holders for dry plates are usu- ing each sheet between smooth plates of copper 
ally made double, for economy of space, and, after expo- or zinc, and subjecting a pile of the sheets so 
ord1rte^.e i re7,a!ee r o[hr. d ,d i e ntheCamera *> l-ffl P*" "> a rolling-press. 
3. A pneumatic device for holding a photo- oupercalendenng (which see) has entirely su- 
graphic plate during development or other ma- P^rseded this process. 2. A heavy, spongy 
nipulation. paper used for taking impressions from en- 
graved platesHard plate-paper, soft plate-pa- 
paper. 
(plat'pes), n. The lower or under 
fore quarter of beef, used for corn- 
A polishing- 
hI 
-powder (plat pou'der), w. 
Tn mil a wnrV 
raU/and LThem 
ten sligh 
phate of Iron, and washing, drying, and calcining the prc- 
^'I'ltated pxld of Iron in shallow vessels until It assumes 
a deep reddish-brown color. Compounds of rouge ami pre- 
P arc<1 chalk, or of oxld of tin and rose-pink, are also termed 
A 
of riveting. 
Thtarie, Naval Arch., | 310. 
platecotet, n. A coat of plate-armor. 
An helmette and a Jacke or plaUeote hideth all paries of 
a manne, sanyng the legges. 
of blood. Same as blood-plate. 
platelyt, aiiv. Same &s platly. 
plate-culture (plat'kul'tfir), n. The culture of for shaping, turning, and finishing plastic ma- 
micro-organisms, especially bacteria, in a thin, terials for making stone or china tableware, 
uniform layer of gelatin spread upon a glass plates, dishes, etc. : a variation of the potter's 
plate. wheel. 
plated (pla'ted), p. a. 1. Strengthened with plate-mail (plat'mal), n. Same as scale-armor. 
plates of metal and defensive armor. plate-mark (plat'mark), n. 1. A legal mark 
And over all th. brasen scale* was armd Or 8 y mbo1 "d certain gold and silver 
Uke plated coU of steele, so couched neare articles for the purpose of indicating their de- 
That nought mote perce. SptnMr, f. Q., I. xi. a. gree of purity, etc. Thew symbol*, according to 
pecially when prepared for the purpose, as with plate-printer (plat'prin'ter), n. A workman 
rouge-powder, etc., applied to the surface. who produces impressions from engraved cop- 
platelet (plat let), n. [< plate + -let.] In ana?., per or steel plates, as distinguished from one 
a.ljttle plafo a plague or plaquette.-piatelet who prints from types or from stone. 
plate-printing (plat'prin'ting), n. The act or 
ufacture of metallic plates, < 
tion in the arts and manufactures. 
When being bent, the plate Is lifted by a number (if 
men. under the direction of the plater In charge, who hold 
the plate in the necessary position for obtaining the re- 
quired curvature and twist. Thearle, Naval Arch., I S90. 
2. A machine for calendering paper by means 
of heavy pressure between smooth plates of 
metal. 3. One who plates or coats articles 
