platyphylline 
Thallus sub-mcmbranaceous, stellate, appressed, platy- 
pfiylline. E. Tuckerman, N. A. Lichens, i. 74. 
platyphylloUS (plat-i-fil'us), a. [< (ir. 
pr/Xof, broad-leafed, < irfarvf, flat, + 
leaf.] In bot., having broad leaves. 
platypod (plat'i-pod), a. and . [< "Brit. platypus 
(-//-), ( Gr. TrAori'froif, 
\ -/""*-,/, x \j i . 'i '*** i v w^ , uroad-looted, 
broad, + jrorf (Trod-) = E. /oof.] I. a. 1. Hav- 
ing broad feet, in any sense ; belonging to the 
Platupoda. 2. In ornith., having the toes ex- 
tensively coherent, forming a broad sole; syn- 
dactyl. 
II. n. A broad-footed animal. 
Platypoda(pla-tip'o-da),n.pf. [NL.: aeepiaty- 
/Mid.] 1. In mammal. i a, group of mouotremes, 
named from the genus Platypus. See Ornitho- 
rhynchidw, and cut under duckbill. 2. In 
conch., a group of rostriferous gastropods with 
broad flat foot fitted for crawling. It includes 
most of the rostriferous gastropods, among the best-known 
of them being the Cypraidie, Litturinidec, Melaniidte, Ceri- 
thiuite, and Vimpamlie. J. K. Gray. See cute under Ce- 
rithium, Cyprsea, IMtorinida, and Vimparidec. 
platypode (plat'i-pod), a. and w. Same nsplaty- 
pod. 
Platypsyllidae (plat-ip-sil'i-de), n. pi. [NL. 
(Le Conte, 1872), < Platypsyllus + -io>.] A 
family of clavicorn Coleoptera, typified by the 
genus Platypsyllus. They have the dorsal segments 
of the abdomen partly membranous, ventral segments 
free ; the tarsi live-loin ted (at least one pair of tarsi) ; the 
mentum large, and prolonged in three obtuse lobes be- 
hind ; and the palpi distant at base. The family is cer- 
tainly coleopterous, and its true position seems to be be- 
tween the Hydropliilida and the Silpltidie ; but the form 
is degraded by parasitism to the semblance of a mallopha- 
gous insect. 
Platypsyllus (plat-ip-sil'us), n. [NL. (Ritse- 
ma, 1869), < Gr. nvlari'f, broad, flat, + i[>b)Jla, a 
flea.] A remarkable ge- 
nus of insects, type of 
the family Platypsyllidie, 
referred by some to the 
order Ajihaniptcra, by 
others to the Diptera, by 
Westwoodrnade type of 
an order Achreioptera, by 
Le Conte placed in the 
order Coleoptera among 
theclavicorns. P.castorit, 
a parasite of the beaver, is a 
small eyeless and wingless 
beetle with short elytra leav- 
ing five abdominal segments 
exposed. Also called Platy- 
psijlla. 
Platyptera (pla-tip'te- 
ra), n. [NL., < Gr. n-Aa- 
ri'f, broad, + nrepAv, wing, = E. feather.'] A ge- 
nus of fishes, typical of the family Platyptericue. 
The only known species, P. aspro, is an inhabitant of fresh 
water in islands of the Sunda-Moluccan archipelago. 
Platypteridae (plat-ip-ter'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Platyptera + -idx.] A family of acanthoptery- 
gian fishes, represented by the genus Plati/ptera. 
They are related to the Gobridee, andby many referred to 
that family, but differ from it by having the ventrals 
widely separate from each other, and from the Calliuny- 
mida by the scaly body, unarmed preoperculum, and 
moderately wide gill-openings. 
Platypterna (plat-ip-tfcr'na), . [NL. (Hitch- 
cock, 1848), < Gr. TrXart'f, broad, flat, + irrtpva, 
the heel.] A genus of gigantic animals, for- 
merly supposed to be birds, now believed to 
be dmosaurian reptiles, known by their foot- 
prints in the Triassic formation of the Connec- 
ticut valley. 
Platypterygidse (pla-tip-te-rij'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Platypteryx (-pteryg-) + -trfa?.] A fam- 
ily of bombycid moths, typified by the genus 
Platypteryx. The antenna? of the male are pectinate, 
those of the female generally filiform ; the abdomen is 
slender, and the wings are small but comparatively broad, 
and sometimes hooked at the tip ; the hu vie have 14 legs. 
Platypteryx (pla-tip'te-riks), n. [NL., < Gr. 
w/>.ari'f, broad, flat, + Trrtpuf, wing.] In entom., 
4543 
platyrhine, Platyrhini, etc. 
etc. 
Platyrhynchi (plat-i-ring'ki), n. pi. [NL., pi. 
of flatyrhynchus, q. v.] In Merrem's classifi- 
cation of birds (1813), a group equivalent to the 
Steganopodes or Totipalmati of authors, contain- 
ing such genera as Pelecanus, Phaeton, and Plo- 
tus, or the pelicans, gaunets, cormorants, an- 
hiugas, tropic-birds, etc. 
platyrhynchine (plat-i-ring'kin), a. [< Platy- 
rhynchus + -inei.j Broad-billed, as a bird. 
Platyrhynchus (plat-i-ring'kus), n. [NL. (Des- 
marest, 1805), prop. "Platyrrhynchus, < Gr. n-Xa- 
li'ppvyxof, broad-snouted, broad-beaked, < nvki- 
Tfcf, broad, + 
friryxoft snout, 
beak.] 1. In 
ornith. t (a) A 
genus of Amer- 
ican tyrant-fly- 
catchers, be- 
longing to the 
family Tyran- 
nidx, and typ- 
ical of the sub- 
family Platy- 
Parasite of the Beaver (/Y<z/y- 
tyllux rastorii}. (Line shows 
the typical genus of Platypterygidse. The spe- 
cies are known as hook-tip moths. 
Platypus (plat'i-pus), n. [NL., < Gr. irkarv- 
Trovf, broad-footed, < ir'Aarvc, broad, + rroif (Trod-). 
= E. foot.] 1. In entom., a genus of xylopha- 
gous beetles of the family Scolytidse : synony- 
mous in part with Bostrychus. Herbst, 1793. 
2. In mammal.: (a) A genus of monotremes, 
now called Ornithorhynchus. Shaw, 1799. (6) 
[7. o.] The species of this genus; the duck- 
billed platypus. See cut under duckbill. 3. 
In ornith., a genus of sea-ducks of the family 
Anatidx and the subfamily Fuligulinse: synon- 
ymous with Fulix. Brehm, 1831. 
platypygous (plat-i-pi'gus), a. [< Gr. jrtarr- 
-i'- iu; broad-bottomed, <! nZarvf, broad, + -i ;. //, 
rump, buttocks.] Having broad buttocks. 
ing a very 
broad flat bill 
with long vi- 
brissw, whence 
the name. 
There are sev- 
eral species, of 
South and Cen- 
, . I A Head of rtalyrhynchus myjtartHt, top and 
tral America, udi views, natural size. 
as P. mystace- 
us. Megarhynchun is a synonym. (6) Same 
as EurylKmitx. 1'ieillot, 1825. 2. In entom., a 
genus of coleopterous insects. T/iunfrrra, 1815. 
3. In herpet., a genus of batrachians. Also 
Platy rhincus. Dumcril, 1854. 
platyrrhine, platyrhine (plat'i-rin), a. and n. 
[< Gr. 7rXart)/f (-piv-), broad-nosed, < Tr/ari'f, 
broad, -t- /'f (/>^),nose.] I. a. 1. Broad-nosed, 
as any American monkey; belonging to the 
Platyrrhini. 2. In cranium., having a flat nose ; 
having a nasal index of from 51.1 (Frankfort 
agreement) or 53 (Broca) to 58. 
H. n. A platyrrhine monkey. 
Platyrrhini, Platyrhini (plat-i-ri'nl), n. pi. 
[NL. : see platyrrhine .] A division of Quailru- 
mana, contrasted with Ctitarrhini and Strepsir- 
rhini, including all the American or New World 
members of the order Primates and families Ce- 
bidse and Hapalidx or Mididie; the platyrrhine 
monkeys. There is no bony external auditory meatus, 
the tympanic bone being annular ; the premolars are three 
alnve and below on each side ; the nasal septum is usually 
broad and flat, and the nostrils are proportionately far 
apart, presenting forward or laterally and not downward ; 
the thumb, when present, is scarcely or not apposable ; 
there are no cheek pouches nor ischial callosities ; and the 
tall is generally long and prehensile or bushy. Also writ- 
ten PlatyrrMna, Platyrrhinee, and in all forms with single 
or double r. See cuts under Ctbin and Uapalidtc. 
platyrrhinian (plat-i-rin'i-an), a. and n. [< 
platyrrhine + -ian.~\ I. . 1. In roo/., platyr- 
rhine, as a monkey. 2. In anthropol., having 
broad flat nasal bones, as a person, a people, 
or a skull. 
H. 11. A platyrrhinian animal, person, or 
skull. 
platyrrhiny, platyrhiny (plat'i-ri-ni), n. [< 
Gr. n/.ari'ppi( (-piv-), broad-nosed: see platyr- 
rhinf.] The condition of having a platyrrhine 
skull. 
Platyschistae (plat-i-skis'te), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
TrXart'O.yKrrof, with broad clefts, < irhrrvf, broad, 
+ <r;rrrof , cloven, parted, divided, < ox&tv, split, 
Eart. ] In GUnther's classification, the first sub- 
i in i 1 \- of Mni,-( iniln , with the branchial open- 
ings in the pharynx in the form of wide slits, 
including all the true apodal fishes excepting 
the typical Mursenidee. 
platyscopic (plat-i-skop'ik), a. [< Gr. jr/artf, 
broad, flat. + oitomiv, view.] In optics, having 
a wide and flat field of view: used as a trade- 
name for certain achromatic combinations of 
lenses, as for photographic use, or for hand- 
magnifiers. 
platysma (pla-tis'm&), n.; -pl.platysmata (-ma- 
tS). [NL., < Gr. irXaTvofta, a flat piece or plate, 
<" x/MTiveiv, broaden, extend, < ir)Mrbf, broad, 
flat: see plat s .] A thin broad muscle situated 
immediately beneath the skin at the side of the 
neck, and extending from the chest and shoul- 
der to the face. It represents the panniculus camosus 
of many mammals, which produces the movements of the 
plaudit 
See platyrrhine, sk '". " in the horte. Platysma myotdei. Same as 
platysttut. See jtannifulmi, and cut 3, A, under tnutcte. 
Platysomata (plat-i-so'ma-ttt), . pi. [NL., < 
Gr. irXaric, broad, + aufia (aufiar-), body.] In 
Latreille's system of classification, the third 
family of tetramerous Coleoptera, , corresponding 
to the genus Cucujus of Fabricius, and to the 
modern family Cucujida, which, however, is now 
differently located, among the clavicoru pen- 
tamerous coleopters. 
platysome (plat'i-som), n. An insect of the 
group Platysomata. 
Platysomid (plat-i-som'i-de), n. pi. [NL.. < 
Platysomus + -idse.] A family of fossil lepi- 
dosteoid ganoid fishes, represented by the genus 
Platysomus. The body is generally high, covered with 
rbomboganoid scales arranged in dorslventral rows; the 
notochord is persistent, but vertebral arches are developed ; 
the vertebral column is heterocercal ; the fins have fulcra ; 
the dorsal fin id long, occupying the posterior half of the 
back ; the branchioategala are numerous ; and the teeth 
are tubercular or obtuse. All these fishes are extinct. 
Platysomus (plat-i-so'mus), n. [NL., < LGr. 
ir'tjaTvaufios, with a broad body, \ Gr. irfortf, 
broad, + eufia, body.] A genus of fossil ganoid 
fishes, typical of the family Platysomidx. Agas- 
siz, 1833. 
Platystemon (plat-i-ste'mon), n. [NL. (Ben- 
t ham, 1831), so called in allusion to the dilated 
filaments; < Gr. jr^ri'f, broad, + ari/ftuv, warp 
(stamen).] A genus of polypetalous plants of 
the order Papaveracese and tribe Itomneyeee, 
characterized by its three sepals, six petals, 
many broad flat stamens, numerous coalescent 
carpels distinct at maturity, and separate linear 
Stigmas. The only species, P. Cal\fnrnicut, common on 
tin- lower hillsof California and Arizona, is a hairy spread- 
Ing annual, with yellow long-stalked flowers, and narrow 
entire leaves, alternate or whorled in threes, blooming pro- 
fusely in dense dwarf tufts in early spring, and known as 
erf am citp*. 
Platysternae (plat-i-st6r'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
nvlarrtrrepvof, broad-breasted : see platysternal.'] 
An order of birds in Nitzsch's classification of 
1840. It Is the subclass /lalila of Slerrem reduced to 
ordinal rank and placed between (lalliiur and Gralltf, and 
consists of the struthious or ratite birds ostriches, cas- 
sowaries, the apteryx, and other ecarinate birds. See Ha- 
tit*. | Little used.] 
platysternal (plat-i-ster'ual), . [< Gr. jrilari'- 
(TTfpvof , broad-breasted, < Tr/Uirir, broad, + arfp- 
vov, breast, chest.] Having a broad flat breast- 
bone, as a bird; ratite; non-carinate ; specifi- 
cally, of or pertaining to the Platysterna. 
Platystoma (pla-tis'to-ma), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ir)MTiarouo$, broad-mouthed: see platystomous.] 
1. A genus of dipterous insects. Meigen, 1803. 
2. A genus of South American catfishes of 
the family Silurida, having a long flattened 
spatulate snout, a large mouth, six barbels, and 
scaleless skin. There are several species; some of them 
attain a large size, and /'. tigrinum of South American 
rivers, called by the natives eon/Mo, colite, and oronni, is 
one of the most beautiful and delicious of fresh-water 
fishes. The Indians take It both by hook and line and by 
shooting it with arrows. 
3. In conch., a genus of gastropods. Conrad, 
1842. 
platystomous (pla-tis'to-mus), a. [< Gr. T?.a- 
Tvarofiof, broad-mouthed, < wAortf, broad, -f- 
oroua, mouth.] Having a broad mouth. 
Platystomus (pla-tis'to-mus), n. [NL. : see 
platystomous.] 1 . A genus of sirenians : same 
as Dugungus. 2. A genus of flycatchers : same 
as Peltops. 
plaudt (p'ad), v. t. [< L,.plaudcre, applaud, clap 
the hands in applause, clap, strike, beat. From 
the same source are applaud, displode, explode, 
applause, explosion, implosion, etc., plausible, 
etc.] To applaud. [Rare.] 
At our banquet all the gods may 'tend, 
Ptaudiny our victory and this happy end. 
Chapman, Blind Beggar of Alexandria. 
plaud(plad), n. [< plaud, v.; or short tor plau- 
dit.] Claim to applause; plaudit; applause. 
[Obsolescent.] 
To patient judgments we appeal our plaud. 
Marlotcf, Faustus (cho.). 
Shekels of gold may shrink to grains 
Into this treasury as they fall, 
While a poor widow's hard-earned gains 
May win the plaud " More than they all. 1 * 
Pulpit Treasury, July, 1836, p. 9)1. 
plaudit (pla'dit), n. [Formerly plaudite (in 3 
syllables), sometimes spelled plaudity; < L. 
plaudite, 2d pers. pi. pros. impv. of plaudere, 
clap the hands, applaud, as an audience at the 
theater (plaudite or vos plaudite, 'clap!' 'ap- 
plaud!' a formula craving the approbation of 
the audience, used by actors at the end of a 
performance): see pland.] An expression or 
round of applause ; praise bestowed with audi- 
