Pleurodeies 
L566 
--ie/.), . [NL.] Agenus 
of tailed amphibians, typical of the family 
I'lriirnili lnl;i'. 
Pleurodelidae (pir.-r<>-dei'i-de). . pi. [NL., < 
I'lt ii>-<,il< h* + -trier.]' A family of gradient or 
tailed kmpMHMM, typified by the genus P/I-II- 
rodelex. They have palatine teeth in two longitudinal 
series diverging behind, Inserted on the Inner margin o 
sim, iiini-|iH-(i uii HIP- inner iti;ui;ni ni 
two palatine processes, which are much prolonged pos- 
teriorly; the parasphenoid toothless; and a postfrontal 
arch, sometimes llgamentoua. 
Pleurodira (plo-ro-di'rft), n. pi. [NL.: see 
I'l, iii'ixln-i*.} A Bupcrfa'iiiily of tortoises with 
the neck bending in a horizontal plane, and 
pelvis ankyloscd to carapace and plastron. It 
includes Hi- reei-nt families Stcrnothieridee, Po- 
doenemiiliiln'. < : li<l<tditla, and several extinct 
ones, f'/ulodinrx is a synonym. 
pleurodiran (plo-ro-di'ran), ". Same as pi 
'/IC..H.V. .Imrr. \,,l., XX'II. 36. 
Pleurodires (plo-ro-di'rez), n.pl. [NL., < Gr. 
-/ ',11. t lie side, +' fatpfi, the neck.] In Gray's 
classification, a suborder of tortoises whose 
necks bend sidewise; the pleurodirous tor- 
toises: same as Pleurodira. See cut under 
('In ii/iiiiin . 
pleurodirous (plo-ro-di'rus), a. [< Gr. vlttvpa, 
the side, + Aeipif, the neck.] In Chelonia, bend- 
ing the neck sidewise: noting those tortoises, 
as the matamata, which thus fold the head and 
neck in the shell : opposed to cryptodirous. See 
cut under Chelydida. 
pleurodiscous (plo-ro-dis'kus), a. [< Gr. itfavpn, 
the side, + Siaxof, a disk.] In bot., attached 
to the sides of a disk. 
pleurodont (plii'ro-dont), a. and n. [< NL. 
"pleurodus (pleurodont-), < Gr. irhvpa, the side, 
+ ofloi'T (6<Wr-) = E. tooth. ] I. a. I. Ankylosed 
to the side of the socket, as teeth ; laterally fixed 
Anicrior p. lrl o< Kifhi R.inius of Isam law of an Iguana, showing 
Plctmxlunt Dentition. 
in the jaw: distinguished from ncrodont. 2. 
Having or characterized by pleurodont teeth or 
dentition, as a lizard ; belonging to the Plenrn- 
rtoniKs; not, acrodont: as. a plritroflout reptile. 
II. n. A pleurodont lizard; a member of the 
Plfnrmlontfu. 
Pleurodontes (plo-ro-don'tez), n. pi. [NL., pi. 
of */>leiiroiliis (pleurodont-): see plrurodont.] A 
group of pleurodont lizards, comprising such 
as the American iguanoids. J. H'di/lcr. 1830. 
pleurodynia (plo-ro-din'i-ii), . [NL., < Gr. 
r/fiywi, the side. + Mimj, pxkn..] In pathol., 
pain in the muscles of the chest. 
pleuro-esophageus (pl8-ro-e-so-fa'je-us), w. 
[NL., < <}r. Tr/.ftyw, the side,' + twotyayns, esopha- 
gus.] A band of smooth muscle-libers connect- 
ing the left pleura behind with the esophagus. 
pleurogenic (plo-ro-jen'ik), . [< Gr. ^evpa, 
the side, + -j-rvyr, produced: see -r/enous.] 
(Originating from the pleura: as, plruroaenir 
phthisis. 
pleurogynous (pl^-roj'i-nus). n. [< Gr. irhvpri, 
the side, + jw//, female (in mod. bot. pistil).] 
In hot., having a glandular or tubercular eleva- 
tion rising close to and parallel with the ovary. 
pleurogyrate (plo-ro-ji'rat), a. [< Gr. irkvpa, 
the side, + L. ayrafHn, pp. of r/t/rare, turn: see 
uyratc.] In hot., having the ring on the theca 
(of ferns) placed laterally. 
pleurogyratOUS (plo-ro-ji'ra-tus), a. [< pleuro- 
iiyrnti' + -an*.] Same as plc.uroayratt. 
pleurohepatitis (pl8-ro-hep-a-ti''tis), . [NL., 
. Gr. x'/rvpa. the side, + r/Ttap (ifirar-), liver, + 
-itif. Cf. Jirpatilin.] Inflammation of the liver 
and adjacent pleura, 
pleuroid (plo'roid), . [< Or. ir/tvp6v, a rib, + 
nrtof, form. Cf. Gr. TrZmpocitaf, adv., after the 
manner of ribs.] One of the pair of distinct 
pleural elements which compose the pleural 
arch of a vertebra; a pleurapophvsis: correlated 
with iii-iin,,,!. <:. i:,,nr, Araer. Nat., XXI. 945 
pleurolepidal (pW-rf-Wi-dal). o. [< NL. 
nmrvbpfe (-!>,, id-) + -,,/.] Of or pertaining 
the nettrolepWdm ; having oblique rows of 
ribbed rhomboid scales interlocking. Each scale 
u upon Its Inner anterior margin a thick, solid, bony rib 
idlng upward, and sliced off obliquely be) , h,n, 
2?SZr" "'"' the inverw "*" ol * ** d 
toss, I pyi-nodont tishes, typified by the genus 
I'll n role/tie. By some they are united with the Itapedi 
id*. The vertebral column was homocercal, the tins hail 
fulcra, and the body was not very high. They flom isht-d 
In the Llasslc. Also I'Uumirpidir 
Pleurolepis (pltf-rol'e-pis), [NL., < Gr. 
nvui>/xi, the side, + >.nrif, a scale.] The typi- 
cal genus of the Pleuroh-pidid.-r, having rib- 
like rows of scales, whence the name. Ayassiz, 
Pleuroleura(plo-ro-lu'ra),n. [NL.,<Gr.ffAn>pd, 
the side, + )evp6$, 'smooth, level.] A genus of 
midibranchiates, typical of the family Pleuro- 
leuridee. Also called Derniatoliranehiu. 
Pleuroleuridae (plo-ro-lu'ri-de), n.pl. [NL., < 
Plcuroleura + -idte.] A family of inferobran- 
chiate nudibranchiate gastropods, typified by 
the genus Pleurolettra (or Dcrmatobranchus). 
Tli.-y are destitute of specialized branchial, and respi- 
ration Is effected by the skin. Also called Drrnuitolmin- 
chidtc. 
pleuromelus (plp-rom'e-lus), n.; pi. pleuromeli 
(-15). [NL., < Gr. nlcvpt, the side, + uO.of, a 
limb.] In teratol., a monster with supernu- 
merary limbs attached to the lateral regions 
of the trunk. 
Pleuromonadidae (plo'ro-mo-nad'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Plciiroiiioiiriii (-nton'ad-) + -idee.] A 
family of pantostomatous flagellate Infusoria, 
typified by the genus Pleuromonas. These ani- 
malcules are free-ewimming, and naked or (lloricate, and 
have a single lateral or dextral flagellum and no distinct 
oral aperture. 
Pleuromonas (plij-rom'o-nas), n. [NL., < Gr. 
T/riyxi, the side, + NL. 'Monas, < Gr. uovaf (fic- 
vaf-), a unit : see monad.] The typical genus of 
Pleuromonadidx. P.jaculans is an example. 
plemron (pltt'ron), n. ; pi. pleura (-ra). [NL., 
< Gr. Tr)dtp6v, a rib: see pleura*.] "A lateral 
piece, part, or aspect of the body ; especially, 
the side of the thorax: chiefly used of invert e- 
l>rates. Specifically- (a) In Crustacea, a lateral piece 
or part of any somite below the tergum and above the in- 
sertion of the legs ; an epimeron. (6) In Trilobila, one of 
the flattened lateral sections of a thoracic or pygidlal so- 
mite, lying on each side of the axis or tergum. See cut 
under Trilabita. (c) In entom., the lateral section of the 
thorax ; the pleural part of any one of the three thoracic 
somites. There are consequently three pleura on each 
side, called from their position the prnplturnn, mtmrkru- 
rrm, and mrtaplruron, according to their respective seats 
on the prothorax, mcsothorax, and mctathorax. 
Pleuronectae (plo-ro-nek'te), . pi. [NL., pi. 
of rirtironectes.] The flatfishes. See Pleuro- 
neeiidee. 
Pleuronectes (plo-ro-nek'tez), n. [NL (Ar- 
tedi. Linnaeus), < Gr! irtevpa, the side, + rr/KTi/r, 
a swimmer.] A genus of flatfishes, giving 
name to the family Plciironcctiilip, formerly 
conterminous with the family, later variously 
restricted. By most recent writers the name has been 
limited to thegrouptypitled by the common plaice /'. pla- 
truxn, sometime! to the few species much like this type 
sometimes extended to a larger assemblage. By others it 
has been used for the turbots, otherwise called BoVuit and 
J'fttla. By others slill it has been employed for the genus 
otherwise called Anuxjlaxtus. In a common European 
acceptation it includes flounders of northern seas having 
the eyes and the color on the right side, the colored side of 
each jaw usually toothless, the blind side with close-set 
teeth In one (rarely two) scries, the Injdy ovate or elliptical 
the small scales ctenoid or cycloid, the lateral line nearly 
umtght or more or less arched anteriorly, and the small 
gill rakers widely set. About 12 species of />fe,/r/w( 
in this sense are found in .North America, a majority of 
them on the 1-aciflc coast, as /. (Platicht/.ys) iMlatus, the 
( alifornia flounder, one of the largest and most Important 
P. (laman<la)Srrru<riiifu is the sand-dab of the Atlantic 
coast, f. (I'seudoplfiirnnrctro) amerieanu* Is the mud-dab 
or winter flounder, common on this coast from Sew York 
Pleuroptera 
the dorsal and anal fins are long and soft. The genera are 
about 40 in number, with 400 species, mostly carnivorous. 
Inhabiting sandy bottoms of all seas, sometimes ascending 
rlveis, and including such Important food fishes as the 
halibut, tarbot, plaice, and sole. With more restricted 
limits, It embraces those which have the general physiog- 
nomy of the plaice or halibut, distinctly outlined pre- 
opercle and other bones, little twisted mouth, generally 
subacut* snout, and nostrils little dissimilar on two i,le. 
It thus excludes the true soles and like flslien (see .S'oOirf/r). 
See also cuts under halibut, flaict.tmmdtr, faralielithyt 
olf, and turbot. Also 1'lmrontttuUri. 
pleuronectoid (plo-ro-nek'toid), n. and . [< 
Pleuronectts + -nid.] ' I. a. Resembling a fish of 
the genus Pleuronectes; belonging to the Pie u- 
ronectidse or Pleuronectoidei. 
n. n. A member of the Pleuronrftoidei ; a 
pleuronectid. 
Pleuronectoidei (pl5'ro-nek-toi'de-5), 11. pi. 
[NL.: see pleuronectoid.] Same a.fi I'lrxroner- 
Mse. 
pleurqpathia (plo-ro-path'i-ji), n. [NL., < Gr. 
TT/tnywi, the side, + xuttof, suffering.] Disease of 
the pleura. 
pleurppedal (plo-ro-ped'al), n. [< Gr. ir/.rvpd, 
the side, + L. pot (ned-) = E. foot.] Connect- 
ing the side of the body with the foot: specifi- 
cally said of a nervous cord which connects a 
pleura] with a pedal ganglion, as in mollusks. 
Also pedoplcural. 
pleuropericarditis (ple-ro-per'i-kUr-di'tis), n. 
[NL., < Gr. 7r>fi/xi, the side, + X'L.pericardium, 
q. v., -I- -itis.] Inflammation of the pleura and 
the pericardium. 
pleuroperipneumony(plo-ro-per-ip-nu'mo-ni), 
n. Same &nplenropncumoni'a. 
pleuroperitoneal, pleuroperitonseal (pl<i-ro- 
per*i-to-n6'al), o. [< pleuroperitoneum + -af.] 
In sool. and aiiat., of or relating to the pleura 
and the peritoneum, or the general body-cav- 
ity or peri visceral cavity of a vertebrate ani- 
mal when it is not divided by a partition (dia- 
phragm) into a pleural or thoracic and a peri- 
toneal or abdominal cavity, n i, formed in the 
early embryo by the splittingof the lamlnie ventrales Into 
Inner or splanchnopleural and outer or somatopleural 
layers, and the union of the latter layers of right and left 
sides in the ventral midline of the body. 
pleuroperitoneum, pleuroperitonaeum (plS- 
ro-per'i-to-ue'um), . [NL., < Gr. Tt/tvpa, the 
side, + TrcpiTtvaiov, peritoneum: see peritoneum.] 
A serous membrane, representing both pleura 
and peritoneum, which lines a pleuroperitoneal 
oavity, as in vertebrates below mammals. 
Pleurophthalma (plo-rof-thal'mii), n.pl. [NL., 
< Gr. 7r/rv/>o, the side, + o<>0a?.//of', the eye.] A 
group of toxoglossate gastropods with the eyes 
at the external borders of the tentacles, com- 
prising the families Conidx, Pletirotoiiiidep, and 
Canceuariidm. 
northward. 
pleuronectid (plo-ro-nek'tid), . and a. I. H. 
A flatfish; any meiril>er of the Pleuroncctiiljr; a 
pleuronectoid. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to the Pleuroncctidir. 
Fleuronectidae (plo-ro-nek'ti-de), . pi. [NL 
< Pleuroncctfs + -iflfe.] A family of teleocepha- 
lous fishes, of the suborder Heterosomata, or 
flatfishes, or the Anaranthini pkitronectoirtei of 
GUnther, comprising the flatfishes or flounders. 
. 
pleuroplegia (plo-ro-ple'ji-S), n. [NL., < Gr. 
irtevpd, the side, + ~/mj), a' stroke. Cf. hemi- 
pler/ia.] Absence of the power of conjugate 
movement of the eyes to the right or left, though 
convergence may be preserved. 
pleuropneumonia (plo'ro-nu-mo'ni-a), n. 
[NL., < Gr. w/lfi/jn, the side, 4- irvttpuv, uuutl 
see pleura* and pneumonia.] A specific con- 
tagious disease, peculiar to cattle, affecting the 
lungs and the pleura, supposed to be caused 
bv some form of micro-organism. It was recog- 
nized as far back as the eighteenth century, and now occurs 
In nil the countries of western Europe, In the I'nlted States, 
list ml la. 
In southern Africa, and In Australia. The losses which 
It causes are frequently enormous. The disease flrst ap- 
pears in the Interlobular tissue of the lungt, whence It In- 
vades the pleura and the lung-tissue proper. The latter 
becomes solidified, and dark-red In color, which varies In 
later stages. The Interlobular tissue becomes thickened 
into broad yellowish or grayish bands, which give the cut 
surface of the lungs a peculiar marbled appearance. The 
disease may he limited to a single lobe or Involve one en- 
lire lung. A lung becomes very heavy, weighing In Rome 
cases over fifty pounds. The disease appears after a 
period of incubation of from three to six weeks with a 
feeble cough, which grows more troublesome from week 
to week. There Is slight fever, associated with partial 
cessation of rumination and milk secretion. The back Is 
arched and the head Is stretched out horizontally during 
flts of coughing. After a period of from two to six weeks 
the animal may recover, or the disease may enter a second 
or acute stage. In which all the symptoms mentioned be- 
come greatly aggravated. This stage may last two or three 
we< ks, ending faUlly In from SO to 60 per cent of all the 
,.. 008 (plo'ro-pns), a. [< Gr. r/nyxi, the 
side, + TIM? = K. foot.] In but., having side 
supports: noting in the genus Polyporux those 
peefol which have several supports or slip. - 
instead of one as is usually the case. [Rare.] 
Pleuroptera (plg-rop'te-rjl), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
'" ' "---. ". >-iiio,nu,. one ol the 1-ln.rntiliJm. K>JVpd, the side. + TTf/K>l.,"\vil)g.] A group of 
PleurolepididaeCp'o'ro-le i(l'i-de) , ,^ In the widest sense, It Includes all the representatives of """""lals, containing such as the <;nl,,,]>itl,,: 
< PI,-,, ml,,,,, (.,,;,/,/.)+ _,-,, T i A familv of thc " lbl : r ( ! ler - "">' J 1 *^ .* ""symmetrical, with both eye. <*te,or so-called flying-lemurs (of the order //,- 
onone.lde;onesurfaceiscolored,theolhercoloriess;and ,/,): M named from the lateral extension 
,.,. ..I L. 
