pluriseriate 
pluriseriate (plo-ri-se'ri-at), a. [< L. plus 
(jiliir-), niDi-i-, + .trrirg, arow: see seriate.'] In 
hot., disposed in many rows, 
plurisetose (plS-ri-se'tos), a. [< L. plus (plur-), 
more, + seta, a bristle: see setose.] Having 
several or many setw. 
plurispiral (plo-ri-spi'ral), a. [< L. plus 
(plur-), more, + stpira, a coil, fold: see sj>iral.] 
Having several or many spiral turns; multi- 
spiral: specifically said of the opercula of 
some shells. 
plurisporous (plB-ri-spo'rus), a. [< L. plus 
(plur-), more, 4- Gr. qnopd, seed: see spore.} In 
hot., having two or more spores, 
plurisubinvariant (pl6-ri-sub-in-va'ri-ant), . 
A function, <p, of a, b, c, etc., of a', 6', c', etc., of 
a', b", c', etc.. such that (aD* + 2bD f + 3cDr + 
etc. + a'D- 4- etc. + a*D" + etc.) <t> = 0. 
plurisyt cpltf'ri-si), n. [An altered spelling of 
pleurisy, simulating L.plus (gen. pluris), more, 
and taking sense accordingly.] 1. Superabun- 
dance. 
Ob, great corrector of enormous times, 
. . . that heal'st with blood 
The earth when It Is sick, and cur'at the world 
O' the plurisy of people. 
Fletcher (and another), Two Noble Kinsmen, v. 1. 
Thy pluriiy of goodness Is thy ill. 
Matxinger, Unnatural Combat, iv. 1. 
2. Superabundance of blood; a plethora. 
You are too Insolent ; 
And those too many excellencies, that feed 
Your pride, turn to a piuriny. and kill 
That which should nourish virtue. 
Beau, and Fl., Custom of the Country, it. 1. 
plurivalve (plo'ri-valy), a. [< L. plus (plur-), 
more, + valva, a folding door: see valre.~] 1. 
In entom., having several valves or sheathing- 
plates. 2. In bot., having many valves: said 
especially of capsules. 3. In conch., same as 
multiralrc. 
Pluriyalvia (plo-ri-val'vi-ii), n.pl. [NL.: see 
plurivalve.] In conch., same as Multivalvia. 
plus (plus), a. [< L. plus (plur-). more, pi. 
plures, Oil. pleores, more, several, the majority 
(compar. of multus, much), = Gr. irfaiuv, irl.euv, 
pi. TrXe/'ovEC, more, compar. of mAi-f, many (= E. 
feel?) ; cf. nvUuf, full, "Li.plenus, full : see plenty.] 
1. More (by a certain amount); increased (by 
a specified addition) : followed by a noun as an 
apparent object (a preposition, by, to be sup- 
plied) : as, the interest plus the disbursements 
amounts to so much; 6 plus 9 is 15: in this and 
the next two uses correlative to minus, in 
algebra and arithmetic this sense in indicated by the sign 
-K called the plus sign or sign of addition : as, a -f- 6 = x, 
which is read " o plus 6 equals x." [A sign like this was 
formerly sometimes used as a contraction of Latin ft, and. | 
His prose, then, is that of a wise man plus a poet 
E. C. Stedman, Poets of America, p. 184. 
2. More than nothing; belonging to the posi- 
tive side, as of an account ; above zero, or above 
the lowest point of positive reckoning: as, a 
plus quantity in an equation (that is, one hav- 
ing the plus sign, or when initial having no 
sign, before it). 3. Marking more than zero; 
positive : as, the plus sign. 
Success goes invariably with a certain pita or positive 
power. Emerton, Complete Prose Works, II. 352. 
4. In etym.. in composition with ; with the ad- 
dition of (the word or element following): ex- 
pressed, as in mathematics, by the sign 4- (see 
the etymologies in this work). The same sign is 
occasionally used to indicate cognate or related 
forms Logarithmic plus and minus. See logarith- 
mic. 
plush (plush), n. [Formerly also pelluce; = 
D.pluis, a tuft or lock of wool or hair, plush, 
= Q.plusch = Svr.plys, plysch = Dan. plyds, < F. 
pluche, peluche, shag, plush, = Sp.peluzsa,pelus- 
sa,pelusa = Pg.pellucia, plush, nap, = It. peluz- 
zo,pelucio, dial, phisia, plush, nap, down ; < ML. 
as if "pilucius, hairy, shaggy, < 'L.pilus, hair: see 
pile*, and cf. peruke and pluck 1 .] A cloth of 
silk or cotton, and sometimes of wool (espe- 
cially of camel's and goat's hair), having a 
softer and longer nap than that of velvet. Plush 
is used especially for upholstery, women's cloaks, expen- 
sive liveries, and men's silk hats, and since 1870 as a 
ground for embroidery in house-decoration, for curtains, 
and the like. 
The rich Tartars sometimes fur their gowns with petluce 
orsilke shag, which is exceeding soft, light, and warme. 
HaUuyfs Voyaget, I. 98. 
ily tailor brings me home my flue, new, coloured-cloth 
suit, my cloak lined with pltah as good a suit as evei 
wore in my life. PtfV, Divy, Oct. 28, 1664. 
Banbury plush, woolen plush used for upholstery and 
the like, nrst made in the town of Banbury, England. (See 
4571 
IT (plush'kop'er), n. A capillary 
variety of cuprite, or red oxid of copper: same 
as chalcotrichik'. 
plushert (plush'er), . [Origin obscure.] A 
kind of dogfish. 
The Pllcherd are punned and devoured by a bigger klnde 
of fish, called a Phaher, being somewhat like the Dog-fish. 
R. Carew, Survey of Cornwall, p. 34. 
plush-stitch (plush'stieh), u. In worsted- or 
wool-work, a stitch that forms freely hanging 
loops which can be cut, thus producing a long 
soft nap similar to that of plush, or can be left 
uncut, as a kind of fringe. 
plush-velvet (plush' vel* vet), n. Plush having 
a shorter nap than is common, and thus resem- 
bling velvet. 
plush-velveteen (plush'vel-ve-ten'), i. (Jot- 
ton plush closely imitating plush made of silk. 
plushy (plush'i), a. [< plush + -y 1 .] Consist- 
ing of or resembling plush ; shaggy and soft. 
Then followed a long gaze out of the window, across 
the damp gravel and pltahy lawn. 
//. Kingtky, Oeoffry Hamlyn, Iv. 
Plusia (plo'si-ii), . [NL. (Ochsenheiiner, 1816), 
with ref . to the silver or gold markings ; < Gr. 
w/ot'oiof, rich, < 7r?,oi>rof, riches: see Pluliis.] 1. 
A notable genus of uoctuid moths, having the 
body stout, the proboscis rather long, the ab- 
domen crested, and the fore wings as a rule 
partly gilded or silvery. More than 100 species are 
known, and the genus Is represented in all parts of the 
plutocrat 
Plutella (plo-lfl'M), u. [NL. (Hchrank, 180'.'), 
<Gr. -'/in TIH . wealth, + dim. -elln.] 1. A genus 
of tineid moths, typical of the family /'''< ""'.< 
crtutftrartim. (Grots shows natural size.) 
Caubage-plusia {Pinsi<i Arin-ri. '. 
a. caterpillar ; *, chrysalis in cocoon ; f. moth, male. 
I An natural size.) 
world. -Many of the species lire wide-spread, several being 
common to Europe and North America, and one to Europe 
and South Africa. The larva; of many are Injurious to 
growing crops, and /'. bramieaot the I nited States is one 
of the worst enemies of the cabbage and other cruclfei- 
ous plants. In Europe the gamma-moth or silver- Y, P. 
gamma, is equally destructive to the same vegetables. P. 
chrysita is the burnlshed-brass moth. 
2. n. <.] A member of this genus ; especially, 
in the United States, P. brassicir, known as the 
eabbaije-plusia. 
Plusidse (plo'si-de), n. pi. [NL.] Same as Plu- 
siulie. 
Plusiidse (pli?-si'i-de), n. pi. [NL. (Guenee, 
1852), < Plusia + -irf.] A family of noctuid 
moths, typified by the genus Plusia, having the 
palpi slender and ascending, and the wings of- 
ten golden or silvered. It contains 8 genera. 
plusiocracy, plousiocracy (plo-si-ok'ra-si), n. 
[< Gr. ff/owHor, rich, wealthy, + -Kparia,< uparth; 
rule.] Same a.s plutocracy. [Bare.] 
To say aword against . . . the cruel punishments of the 
Game-laws, or against any abuse which a rich man Inflict- 
ed and a poor man suffered, was treason against the jilou- 
fiocracy. Sydney Smith, In Lady Holland, IL 
Pluslotis (plo-si'6-tis), . [NL. (Burmeister), 
< Gr. jrAownoc, rich; cf. ffAowHorw, wealth.] A 
genus of lamellicorn beetles of the family Sca- 
rabxidse, containing American species of large 
size and burnished silvery or golden color. 
Three species are known in the United States ; 
the others are Mexican. 
plutarchy (pl'tar-ki), n. [< Gr. irtovrof, wealth, 
+ -apx'a, < apx^tv, rule.] Same as plutocracy. 
Southey, The Doctor, cii. 
plutei, n. Plural of pluteug. 
pluteiform (plo'te-i-f6rm), a. [< NL. pluteus 
(see pluteus, 3) + L. forma, form.] 1. Hav- 
ing the morphological value of a pluteus: as, 
the pluteiform larva of an eehinoderm. Set- 
cut under echinoptedium. 2. Less exactly, like 
or likened to a pluteus in anyway; echino- 
psedic. 
They are small, with anti-nun- not thickened at the base. 
erect palpi, and the sixth and seventh veins of the hind 
wings separate. The larva skeletonizes leaves, and pupates 
In a gauzy cocoon. /'. cructfrrarviit (xylogttlta) Is a turnip- 
anil cabbage-pest of cosmopolitan distribution. 
2. [/. <.] A member of this genus; especially, 
in the United States, /'. crvriferariim, known 
as the fiililiiii/i -/iln/i'llti. In England and the 
British colonies it is known as the diamond- 
back. 
Plutellidffl (plfj-tel'i-de), ti.pl. [NL., < PluMla 
+ -ids:] A family of tineid moths, typified 
by the genus Ptutrtla. The head Is woolly, and the 
palpi are provided with a strong bunch of scales on the 
middle joint below ; they liave the peculiar habit of hold- 
Ing the anteuiue straight forward when at rest (most other 
tineids holding the antennee back on the wings). The 
family contains about C genera, of which Cerottoma la the 
most extensive. 
pluteus (plS'te-us), ii. ; r,\. plutci (-1). [L.,also 
pluteum. a shed oriuantlet to protect besiegers, 
a breastwork, parapet, a headboard of a couch 
orbed, a partition, etc.] 1. Inane. Bom. arch., 
a barrier, as any construction of boards, osiers, 
grating, or other light work, placed between 
the columns of a portico; a light wall occupy- 
ing the lower part of an intercolumniation; 
a balustrade or parapet crowning a building 
or a part of a building; also, a shelf fixed to 
the wall: the headboard of a bed. 2. In 
anc. Rom. niilit. engin.: (a) Boards or planks 
placed on the fortifications of a camp, or on 
movable towers or other military engines, to 
form a kind of roof or shed for the protection 
of the soldiers, (b) A movable gallery on 
wheels, shaped like an arch-covered wagon, 
in which a besieging party made their ap- 
proaches. 3. In eooL, a larval stage of the 
echinopaedia of certain echinodcrms, as a holo- 
thurian, opbiuriau, or echiuid. it Is known as the 
A. Echinopaedium of fckmui fHltlultitt. zastrula tOuie: , 
mouth ; . intestine ; (. anus. B. Fully develooej echinoparcfiuin or 
pluteus of the same : a', mouth : A. stomach and intestine : f. anus : 
tt. J, processes of body containing prolongation!, of internal skeleton. 
C. Ecninopitdium of an echmid advanced so far that spines, pedicels, 
and pedicellarue are visilile. 
painter' t-tatel larva, from its shape, and was originally 
described as a distinct genus by Miiller in 1846. Compare 
cuts under Bipinnaria and ecMnopiedium. 
Pluto (plo'to), H. [L., < Gr. n/oi TUV, poet, also 
n/owi-t-c, Pluto, orig. epithet of Hades, the un- 
derworld (as a source of grain, etc.), < ^.wrof, 
wealth : see Plutus.] In Kom. myth., the lord of 
the infernal regions, son of Saturn and brother 
of Jupiter and Neptune. He Is represented as an el- 
derly man with a dignified but severe aspect, often holding 
In his hand a two-pronged fork. He was generally called 
by the Greeks Hade*, and by the Romans Oretu, Tartarw, 
and Din. His wife was Proserpine, daughter of Jupiter 
and Ceres, whom he seized in the island of Sicily while 
she was plucking flowers, and carried to the lower world. 
See cut on following page.- ?lutO monkey, CfrcopiOte- 
cut pluta, of western Africa. 
plutocracy (p)?-tok'ra-si). . [< (!r. T/ovroicpo- 
r/a, an oligarchy of wealth, < r?oiTof, wealth, 
-f- -nparia, < Kparelv, rule.] Government by the 
wealthy class; the rule of wealth ; also, a class 
ruling by virtue of its wealth. Also pMoraftjr. 
plutocrat (plo'to-krat). H. [< Gr. x/ovronpaT-, 
base of -/.ovronpaTia, an oligarchy of wealth : 
see plntiM-racy.] One who rules or sways a 
