pneumatic 
entUtion, In mtd.. the causing a patient to breathe air of 
different teoilon from that which lurroundi his body. 
Pneumatic duct, in camp, anat, Aeeduetutpneumatteui, 
underducfu*. Pneumatic elevator, excavator, hoist. 
See the noun*. Pneumatic jig, in mining, an air-jig; 
a Jig In which the separation IB effected by Masts of air 
Instead of an inu-nnittviit current of water. Pneumatic 
organ. See orponi. Pneumatic paradox, that pecu- 
liar exhibition of atmospheric pressure which retains a 
ralre on Its seat under a pressure of gas, allowing only 
a film of gas to escape. Pneumatic pen. See pens. 
Pneumatic philosophy!, the science of metaphysics or 
psychology; pneumatology. Pneumatic physicians, 
a school of physicians, at the head of which was Athe- 
naBUS, who made health and disease to consist In the dif- 
ferent proportions of a fancied spiritual principle, called 
fiiKuma, from those of the other elementary principles. 
Pneumatic pile, (a) A tube open at the lower or pene- 
trating end, and closed from the air at the top, but com- 
municating with a receiver from which air Is exhausted. 
The pressure of the air acts to force the pile downward, 
and at the same time the silt within it is pressed upward 
and discharged Into the receiver. (6) A caisson within 
which compressed air excludes the water, permitting ne- 
cessary operations to bo carried on inside it Pneumatic 
spring, tube, etc. See the nouns. Pneumatic trough, 
a form of trough used by the physicist or chemist in ex* 
perlments with gases. By its use the gas can be collected 
In a bell-Jar or other receptacle over a surface of water or 
mercury. 
II. . 1. In organ-building, one of the mem- 
bers of a pneumatic action, whether a bellows 
or a tube. See pneumatic action, above. 2. 
Same as pneumatology, 2, where see quotation. 
pneumatical (nu-mat'i-kal), a. and n. [< pneu- 
matic + -al.] I. a. Same &s pneumatic. 
This body then accompanying the soul he calls pneu- 
nintiriil. that is (not spiritual in the Scripture sense, but) 
spirituous, vaporous, or airy. 
Cwlii'iirth, Intellectual System, p. 785. 
H.t . A vaporous substance ; a gas. Bacon. 
pneumatically (nu-mat'i-kal-i), ado. By means 
of pneumatic force or of some pneumatic con- 
trivance : as, pneumatically sunk caissons. 
pneumaticity (nu-ma-tis'i-ti), . [< pneumat- 
ic + -ity.] The state of being pneumatic, or 
hollow and filled with air; capacity of being 
inflated with air; inflation by air: applied to 
air-passages of animals, the hollow bones of 
birds, etc. 
pneumatics (uvi-mat'iks),J. [PI. of pneumatic: 
see -ics.] 1. That branch of physics which 
treats of the mechanical properties of gases, and 
particularly of atmospheric air. Pneumatics treats 
of the weight, pressure, equilibrium, elasticity, density, 
condensation, rarefaction, resistance, motion, etc., of 
gases ; it treats of them also considered as media of sound 
(acoustics), and as vehicles of heat, moisture, etc. It also 
comprises the description of those machines which depend 
for their action chiefly on the pressure and elasticity of air, 
as the various kinds of pumps, artificial fountains, etc. 
2f. The doctrine of spiritual substances ; pneu- 
matology. 
pneumatize (nu'ma-tiz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. 
jtneumatized, pm.pneumatizing. [<. pncumat(ic) 
+ -ire.] To fill with air; render pneumatic, as 
bones. Cones, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 135. 
pneumatocyst (nu'ma-to-sist), . [< Or. rrviv- 
fia(r-), air, + *ci'oT<f, bladder: see ryst.~\ 1. 
The air-sac, float, or pneumatophore of an oce- 
anic hydrozoan or siphonophorous hydromedu- 
sau ; one of the several appendages of the stem 
of these organisms, serving to buoy them in 
the water. See cuts under Athorybia and Hy- 
ftrozoa. When pneumatocyst* are wanting, they may 
be replaced by a general inflation of the stem, called then 
I.-.7I 
If. The doctrine of or a treatise on the prop- 
erties of elastic fluids: pneumatics. 2. The 
pli v which treats of the nature 
2. In "I'm tli., an air-sac or air-space; one of 
the cavities in a bird's body filled with air. 
Coues. 
pneumatocystic (nu'ma-to-sis'tik), a. [<pneu- 
nuitocynt + -ic.] Of or having the character of 
a pneumatocyst, in any sense. 
pneumatogram (nu'ma-to-gram), n. [< Gr. 
irvn'fia(r-), breath, + ypduua, a writing: see 
gram'*.] A tracing of respiratory movements. 
pneumatograpnic (nu'ma-to-graf'ik), a. [< 
pnvumntoyrapk-y + -ic.'] Of or pertaining to 
pneumatography: as, a pneumatographic com- 
munication ; a pneumatographic medium. 
pneumatography (nu-ma-tog'ra-fi), n. [< Or. 
irvri'/m(r-), wind (in def. 1, a spirit), + -ypa$ia,<. 
Ypd^eiv, write.] 1. So-called spirit-writing, inde- 
pendent of the hand of a medium or other mate- 
rial instrument. Also called independent writ- 
ing and direct writing. 2. The observing and 
descriptive stage of pneumatology (sense 3). 
O. T. Mason, Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 500. 
pneumatological (nu'mn-to-loj'i-kal), a. [< 
pneumatoloy-y + -ic-al.] " Pertaining to pneu- 
matology. 
pneumatologist ( .lu-ma-tol'o-^irt). . [< .<?- 
matoliKj-i/ + -i*t. ] ( >ne versed in pneumatolojjy. 
pneumatology (nu-nia-toro-ji). n. [< Or. irvrii- 
fut(r-). air. + -'/<r in. < \tfttr, speak: see -/'/.'/ ] 
and operations of mind or spirit, or a treatise 
on it. 
The terms Psychology and Pneumatology, or Pneumatic, 
are not equivalent. The latter word was used for the doc- 
trine of spirit In general, which was subdivided into three 
branches, as it treated of the three orders of spiritual sub- 
stances (iod, Angels and Devils, and Man. 
Sir W. Hamilton, Metaphysics, vL, foot-note. 
3. The study of the beliefs, practices, and or- 
ganizations of men with reference to a supposed 
world of spirits ; spiritual philosophy. 
Various terms have been suggested, as comparative 
mythology, spiritology, pnfuinatoloyy, daimonology, Ac. 
0. T. Mason, Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 600. 
4. In theol., the doctrine of the Holy Spirit. 
The pneumatology of Ephesiana resembles that of John, 
as the christology of Colosslans resembles the christology 
of John. Schaf, Hist. Christ Church, I. $ !>5. 
Pneumatomachian (nu*ma-to-ma'ki-an), n. 
and a. [< Gr. vvevfuiToudxof, hostile to the 
Holy Spirit, < TTVCV/UI(T-), spirit, -1- udxcoOai, 
quarrel.] I. n. An adversary of the Holy 
Ghost; one who denies the existence, person- 
ality, or godhead of the Holy Spirit; specifi- 
cally, one of a sect or party, or group or suc- 
cession of parties and sects, in the fourth cen- 
tury holding such doctrines. The Pneumatoma- 
chlans In general taught that the Holy Obost Is a creature, 
a ministering spirit Some combined this view with the 
Arian view that God the Son is a creature, and a few 
taught the extreme doctrine that the Spirit is the crea- 
ture of a creature (the Son). Host of them, however, ac- 
cepted the Homoiousian doctrine of the person of the Son, 
and these were known as Macedonians or Marathonians, 
and also as Semi-Arianithe Semi-Ariaiis having as a 
whole adopted these views. The views of the Pneuma- 
tomachians were developed out of Arlanlsm, after the 
Nicene Council (A. D. 32f>\ and first showed themselves 
distinctly about 858. The heresy declined rapidly after 
the Constantinopolitan Council of 381. 
II. a. Pertaining to the Pneumatomachians. 
pneumatometer (nu-ma-tom'e-ter), . [< Gr. 
Trvei'/M(T-), air, breath, + ptrpav, measure.] 
An instrument for measuring the quantity of 
air inhaled into the lungs at a single inspira- 
tion and given out at a single expiration ; a 
pulmometer ; a spirometer. Also called pneu- 
mometer, pneumononieter. 
pneumatometry (nu-ma-tom'et-ri), . [As 
pneumatometer + -y s .] The measurement of 
the air inspired or expired, as with a pneuma- 
tometer. 
pneumatophonic (nu'ma-to-fon'ik), n. [< 
pncumatophon-y + -ic.] Of or pertaining to 
pneumatophony. [Rare.] 
pneumatophony (nu'ma-to-fo-ni), n. [< Gr. 
m>v(ia(T-), spirit, -I- <t>uvt/, voice.] So-called spirit- 
speaking; the supposed production of articu- 
late sounds, resembling the human voice or 
speech, and conveying intelligence, by disem- 
bodied spirits. [Rare.] 
pneumatophore (uu'ma-to-for), n. K Gr. irvev- 
fui(r-), air, -t- -<po/>of , < (fcpav = E. bear*. Cf . LGr. 
KVC vuaToipopos , borne by the wind, also inspired.] 
A pneumatocyst, or a structure which supports 
such a float ; especially, the proximal dilatation 
of the ccenosarc or hydrosome of the Pltyso- 
phoridse. See cuts under Athorybia and Ey- 
dro;oa. 
pneumatophorous (nu-ma-tof'o-rus), a. [< 
pneumatophore + -OMJ?.] In rod'/., bearing a 
pneumatocyst ; pertaining to a pneumatophore, 
or having its character. 
pneumatbsic (uu-ma-to'sik), a. [< pneumato- 
sis + -ic.] Affected with pneumatosis. 
pneumatosis (nu-ma-to'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
irvevudruaif, a blowing up, inflation, < irvevua- 
roini, blow up, fill with wind, < irvevua(T-), wind : 
see pneumatic.] A morbid accumulation of gas 
in any part of the body. See emphysema. 
pneumatothorax (nu'ma-to-tho'raks), n. Same 
us jmi iimiitliorai. 
pneumectomy (uu-mek'to-mi), w. For *pneu- 
iiniiiirtiiiiii/, < (Jr. -rM/H.ir, lim^'. + i\nni>;, rxci- 
sicni. | Excision of a portion of a lung. 
pneumo-. In the following compounds of Greek 
irvci-iwv, lung, pneumo- is short for the proper 
form pneumono-. 
pneumoactinomycosis(nu-mo-ak'ti-no-mi-k6'- 
sis), n. [NL., < Gr. me iuuv, lung, + NL. in-ti- 
nomycof/is.] Actinomycosis of the lung. 
Pnenmobranchia (nu-mo-brang'ki-a), . pi. 
[NL., < Gr. TTvtvuuv, lung, -f ft/Mfx^ gills-] 
In Gray's classification (1840), same as I'm n- 
mobraiii-liiiilii, :!. 
Pneumobranchiata (nu-mo-brang-ki-a'tii). n. 
l>l. [NL., < Gr. irvri'/iuv, lung, + NL. Tinut- 
rliniin.\ 1. All order of gaKtrojMids. iiicliidiug 
pneumological 
those which breathe air in a closed chamber 
lined with pulmonic vessels: applied by J. E. 
Ciray to the typical pulmonates or pulmonifers, 
and including most of the inoperculate land- 
shells as well as the fresh-water forms related 
to them. 2. In Lamarck's classification (1819), 
a section of gastropods, containing his family 
Liniacea. 3. In Gray's classification (1821), a 
subclass of Gasteropodophora, comprising all 
terrestrial gastropods, and divided into Inoper- 
culata and Opcrculata. 
pneumocace (nu-mok'a-se), . [< Gr. mel'/urn, 
lung, + KOKT/, badness, ? (j*of, bad.] Gangrene 
of the lungs. 
pneumocarcinoma (nu-mo-kar-si-no'ma), . 
[NL.,<Gr. TTvei-uuv, lung, + 'L. carcinoma.] Car- 
cinoma of the lungs. 
pneumocele (nu'mo-sel), H. Same aspneumono- 
cele. 
pneumoconiosis (nu-mo-ko-ni-o'sis), n. Same 
as pneumonoconiosis. Also pneumokoniosis. 
pneumodenn(nu'm9-derm), M. [< Gr. irvti/uw, 
lung, + Sfp/ia, skin.] A gymnosomatous ptero- 
pod of the family Pneumodermida. 
pneumodenna 1 (nu-mo-der'm&), . [XIj.X Gr. 
irvti'iM, air, + ifpfia, skin.] Sub- 
cutaneous emphysema. 
Pneumoderma- (nu-mo-der'- 
m&), n. [NL. (P^ron and Le- 
sueur, 1810), < Gr. JTVCV/JUV, lung, 
+ Sipua, skin.] A genus of gym- 
nosomatous pteropods, typical 
of the Pneumodermonidee, in 
which processes of the integu- 
ment perform the function of 
gills. Also called 1'neumoder- 
mis, Pneumodermon, Piieiimoder- 
iii n HI, Pneumonodermum. 
Pneumodermatidae (nu ' mo - 
der-mat'i-de), . pi. [NL., < Pneumoderuui(t-) 
+ -irfa?.] Same as I'lieuiinxlermidse. 
Pneumodermidaa (nu-mo-der'mi-de), w. pi. 
[NL., < Pncumodermn- +'-id&.] A family of 
gymnosomatous pteropods, typified by the ge- 
nus Pneumoderma, having the head and mouth 
tentaculate. They have a specialized branchial appa- 
ratus consisting of at least a lateral gill on one (right) side 
and generally a posterior gill, suckers on the ventral side 
of the protrusible anterior part of the buccal cavity, and 
a jaw. Twelve or more species, of three genera, are 
known. Also called Pneumodermatidx, Pnewnodtrmoni- 
djc, Pneumonodcrmatida. 
Pneumodermis (nu-mo-der'mis), . [NL.] 
Same as J'neumodcrnia^. Oken. 
Pneumodermon (nu-mo-der'mon), w. [NL. 
(Lamarck, 1819): see Pneumoderma*.] Same as 
Pneumoderma'*. 
Pneumodermonidae (uu'mo-der-mon'i-de), . 
pi. [NL., < Piteumodermon + -iilx.] Same as 
Pneumodennidee. 
pneumoenteritis (nu-mo-en-te-ri'tis), n. [NL., 
< Gr. irvevfuw, lung, + tvrcpov, intestine, + -itis.] 
Hog-oholera; swine-plague. See cholera. 
pneumogastric (nu-mo-gas'trik), a. and n. [< 
Gr. Kvei'/juv, lung, + jaoriy/j, stomach.] I. a. 
Pertaining to the lungs and the stomach, or to 
the functions of respiration and digestion : spe- 
cifically, in anatomy, noting several nervous 
structures. pneumogastric ganglion. See ganglion. 
Pneumogastric lobule, fame tutjtocculiu, i Pnen- 
mogastric plexus. See gastric ptami (under plcxiu),*nA 
rtlllllx. 
II. . The pneumogastric nerve. See vague. 
pneumogram (nu'mo-gram), . [< Gr. wfi/juv, 
lung,+ ypaufia, a writing: see gram 2 .] The tra- 
cing yielded by the pneumograph. 
pneumograph (nu'mo-graf ), n. [< Gr. nvcvuuv, 
lung, -f- -)i>uottv, write.] In pathol., same as 
stethograph. 
pneumographic (nu-mo-graf'ik), a. [< pneu- 
mograph-!/ + -'*] Descriptive of the lungs and 
air-passages, or the organs of respiration. 
pneumography (nu-mog'ra-fi), n. [< Or. m>ei>- 
fiuv, lung, + -) paij>ia, < ypaijieiv, writ*.] 1. De- 
scriptive pneumology ; a treatise on or descrip- 
tion of tin- lungs and air-passages, or organs of 
respiration. 2. The recording of the move- 
ments of respiration. 
pneumohemothorax (nu-mo-hem-o-tho'raks), 
w. [NL./Gr. irvcv/ja, air. + ai^a, blood, + Oupaf, 
chest.] The produce of gas and blood or bloody 
serum in the pleural cavity. 
pneumphydrothorax (nu-mo-hi-dro-tho'raks). 
. NL., < Gr. irvtiifia, air, + 'i-Aup (iAp-), water, 
+ Oupaj-, chest.] The presence of gas and M- 
rous liquid in the pleural cavity. 
pneumological (uu-nio-loj'i-kaj), . f< /<- 
HinliMi-ii + ii'-iil.] Of orpertniuingto pni'uniol- 
ogy. 
