pneuinology 
pneumology (uu-inol'o-ji), . [< Gr. mevfujv, 
lung, + -fo-fia^teyeiv, speak: see -ology.] The 
sum of scientific knowledge concerning the 
lungs and air-passages, or the organs and pro- 
cesses of respiration. 
pneumometer (uu-inom'e-ter), . Same as 
pneumatonteter. . 
pneumometry (nu-mom'et-ri), . Same &spneu- 
matometry. 
pneumomycosis (nu*mo-mi-k6'sis), n. [NL., 
< Or. m>ev/jui>, lung, + PVIOK, fungus, + -osui.] 
The presence of fungi in the lungs. Aiaopneu- 
ninHoniijconix. 
pneumonalgia (nu-mo-nal'ji-a), . [NL., < 
Gr. Tfvevuuv, lung, + dAyof, pain.] Pain in the 
lungs. 
pneumonatelectasis (nu-mo-nat-e-lek'ta-sis), 
n. [NL.,< Gr. Trvev/tav, lung, 4- NL. atelfctanis.] 
Atelectasis of the lungs. 
pneumonedema (nu*ino-ne-de'ma), n. [< Or. 
TTVCVUUV, lung, 4- olirjfia, swelling!^] Edema of 
the lungs ; pulmonary edema. 
pneumonia (nu-mo'm-a), . [= F. pneumonic 
= Sp. Pg. pneumonia, <. NL. pneumonia, < Gr. 
irvEVftovla, Attic also rr/Uwuow'a, a disease of the 
lungs, < irvevuuv, Attic also ir)^iiuuv, = L. pul- 
mo(n-), a lung, < irveiv, breathe: see pneumat- 
ic. Cf. pulmonary.'] Inflammation of the tis- 
sues of the lung, as distinct from inflammation 
of the bronchial tubes (bronchitis) and from 
inflammation of the serous covering of the 
lungs (pleuritis). Also called pneumonitis. 
Bilious pneumonia, croupous pneumonia with icterus. 
-Catarrhal pneumonia, pneumonia in which the ex- 
udate contains mucin and pus, but does not coagulate. 
Also called bronchopneumoHia and lobular pneumonia. 
Central pneumonia, pneumonia of the central part of 
a lung. Cheesy pneumonia, bronchopneutnonia with 
consolidation of more or leas extensive areas of lung-tis- 
sue, with degeneration resulting in the formation of cheese- 
like masses of debris. Such cases are usually if not always 
tuberculous, and are usually designated as phthisis. 
Chronic interstitial lobular pneumonia, a chronic 
pneumonia with excessive increase of the interstitial con- 
nective tissue. Such cases are often tuberculous in origin, 
and are sometimes called fibroid phthisis. CroupOUB 
pneumonia, pneumonia in which the exudate coagu- 
late!) from the contained fibrin. Also called fibrinous 
pneumonia, or, from its distribution to one or more lobes in 
their entirety, lobar pneumonia. Desquamatlve pneu- 
monia, catarrhal pneumonia in which the alveolar epi- 
thelium is shed in considerable quantity. Intermittent 
pneumonia, croupous pneumonia with frequent marked 
remissions of pyrexia, not pertaining to malarial poison- 
ing. Lobular pneumonia, a pneumonia which in its 
distribution affects the areas belonging to small bronchi 
scattered here and there, as distinct from lobar pneumonia, 
in which entire lobes are affected. Also called catarrhal 
pneumonia from the character of the exudat, and bron- 
chopneutnonia because it invades the lung-tissue from the 
bronchi, which are primarily affected. Pneumonia ml- 
grana, a croupous pneumonia which invades progres- 
sively from day to day adjacent parts of the lungs. Ty- 
phoid pneumonia, croupous pneumonia with exception- 
ally severe general effects, exhibited in great prostration, 
delirium, dry tongue, enlarged spleen, often slight icterus, 
and albumiiiuria. 
pneumonic (nu-mon'ik), a. and n. (X Gr. irvev- 
UOVMOS, pertaining to the lungs, < KVCVUUV, lung: 
see pneumonia. Cf. pulmonie.] I. a. 1. Per- 
taining to the lungs ; pulmonary. 2. Pertain- 
ing to pneumonia; affected with pneumonia; 
I HI 1 mi i] i it ir : as, pneumonic patients. 
II. n. A remedy used in diseases of the lungs. 
pneumonitic (nu-mo-nit'ik), a. [<. pneumonitis 
+ -ic.] Pertaining to or of the nature of pneu- 
monitis. 
pneumonitis (nu-mo-m'tis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
Trvei'ftuv, lung, + -fe.] Inflammation of the 
lungs; pneumonia. 
pnemnonocarcinoma (nu'mo-no-kar-si-no'- 
mft), . [< Gr. irveiiuuv, lung, 4- NL. carcinoma, 
carcinoma.] Carcinoma of the lungs. 
pneumonocele (nu'mo-no-sel), n. [< Gr. irvev- 
uuv, lung, + Krfiq, tumor.] Hernia of the lung, 
as through an opening in the diaphragm. 
Pneumonochlamyda (nu*mo-no-klam'i-da), n. 
pi. [NL., < Gr. Ttvevfiuv, lung, 4- xkapvs (xfauw-), 
a cloak, mantle.] A suborder of Gasteropoda, 
having the pallial chamber converted into a 
lung-sac, but no gills, as in the families Cyclo- 
stomidx, Heliciiridx, Aciculidx, etc. 
pneumonochlamydatefiuV'rno-no-klam'i-dat), 
a. [< I'neuinonochlamyda + -ate 1 .] Belonging 
to the Pneumonochlamyila. 
pneumonocirrhosis (nu'mo-no-si-ro'sis), n. 
[NL., < Gr. irvevfujv, lung, + "NL. cirrhosis.'] 
Cirrhosis of the lungs. 
pneumonoconiosis (nu'mo-no-ko-ni-o'sis), n. 
[NL., < Gr. irvei'fiuv, luiig, + novtf, dust, + -osis.] 
Inflammatory disease of the luugs due to inhala- 
tion of irritating particles. 
Pneumonoderma(iiu*mo-uo-der'nia), n. [NL.J 
Same as I'm ii 
4575 
pneumonodynia (uu'mo-no-din'i-ji), . [NL., 
< Gr. irvciiuuv, lung, + 'odi'vi?, pain.] Pain in 
the lungs. 
pneumonomelanosis (nu'mp-no-mel-a-uo'sis), 
. [NL., < Gr. wvevuuv, lung, 4- NL. melanosis.] 
Pulmonary melanosis, or anthracosis. 
pneumonometer (uu-mo-nom'e-ter), n. [< Gr. 
irvciiuuv, lung, + uirpov, measure.] Same as 
pneumatomi'ter. 
pneumonophthisis (nu/mo-nof-thi'sis), . 
[NL., < Gr. jrvftyujv, lung, 4- $6ioif, consump- 
tion.] Pulmonary phthisis. 
pneumonorrhagia (nu'mo-no-ra'ji-a), n. [NL. , 
< Gr. irvfvuuv, lung, + -payla, < frnyvvvai, break, 
burst.] Same as pneumorrhagia. 
pneumony (uu'mo-ni), n. Same as pneumonia. 
Pneumodtoka (nd-mo-ot'o-ka), n. pi. Same as 
Pneu mo toca . 
pneumodtokous (nu-mo-ot'o-kus), a. Same as 
pneumotocous. 
pneumopericarditis (nu-mo-per'i-kar-di'tis), 
n. [NL.,</>cumo( pericardium) + pericarditis.] 
Pneumopericardium with pericarditis. 
pneumppericardiuni (nu-mo-per-i-kar'di-um ), 
. [NL., < Gr. irvevfta, air, 4- ireptudpiiov, peri- 
cardium: see pericardium."] The presence of 
gas in the pencardial cavity. 
pneumophthisis (nu-mof-thi'sis), n. [NL.,< 
Gr. irvev/Mv, lung, + <j>6iatf, consumption: see 
phthisis.] Pulmonary phthisis. 
pneumopleuritis (nu'mo-plij-ri'tis), n. [NL., 
< Gr. wei'/Mv, lung, + ffAniiptnf, pleuritis: see 
pleuritis.] Inflammation of the lungs and the 
pleura; pleuropneumonia. 
pneiimopyothorax (uu-mo-pi-o-tho'raks), n. 
[NL., < Gr. Trvcvfia, air, + viov, pus, 4- Bupaf, the 
chest: see thorax.'] The presence of gas and 
pus in the pleural cavity. Also called pyo- 
pneumothorax. 
pneumorrhagia (nu-mo-ra'ji-ii), n. [NL., < Gr. 
med/iav, lung, + -payia, < pt/yvvvai, break.] Pul- 
monary hemorrhage Diffuse pneumorrhagia, an 
escape of blood into the substance of the lung, withlacera- 
tion. Also called pulmonary apoplexy. 
pneumoskeletal (uu-mo-skel'e-tal), . [(pneu- 
moskelet-ou + -al.~\ Of or pertaining to the 
pneumoskoleton. 
pneumoskeleton (nu-mo-skere-ton), . [< 
Gr. irve'vuuv, lung, + anekeT6v, a dry body: see 
skeleton. ] Aii exoskeleton or hard tegumentary 
structure developed in connection with a re- 
spiratory or pulmonary organ . Thus, the shell of a 
mollusk, ueing developed 'from the pallium or mantle, 
which has a respiratory function, constitutes a pneumo- 
skeleton. II. A. Nicholson. 
pneuniothorax (nu-mo-tho'raks), . [NL., < 
Gr. Trvev/ia, air, + 8upa , the chest : see thorax.'] 
The presence of air in the pleural cavity. Also 
pneuma to tit or ax. 
Pneumotoca (nu-mot'o-ka), 11. pi. [NL. : see 
pneumotocous.'] A division of Vertebrata, in- 
cluding air-breathing oviparous vertebrates, as 
birds and reptiles. Otcen. 
pneumotOCOUS (uu-mot'o-kus), a. [< Gr. jrvev- 
uuv, lung, + tponaof, egg-laying : see ootocous.] 
Breathing air and laying eggs, as a vertebrate ; 
belonging to the Pneumotoca. 
pneumotomy (nu-mot'o-mi), n. [< Gr. Tvfii/iui', 
lung, 4- Tofir/, a cut, (. rifivciv, raueiv, cut.] In 
xn>-</.. incision into the lung, as for the evacua- 
tion of an abscess. 
pneupome (nu'pom), . [For "pneumonopome, 
< Gr. miti'fujv, lung, + jru/^a, lid.] An opercu- 
late pulmonate gastropod. 
pnigallon (ni-ga'li-on), n. [< Gr. Trvtyo/Uav, 
the nightmare, cf. Vvt, suffocation, < irviynv, 
choke.] In med., an incubus; a nightmare. 
Pnoepyga (no-e-pi'ga), n. [NL. (Hodgson, 
1844), < Gr. irvori, breath, + n-wyv, the rump.] A 
Flowenng Plant of Ken 
tuclcy hllie-Kr.lss l/Vd fra- 
tfHSist. a, a spikclct : /'. 
the empty ^luiiies: c. flow- 
ering glume, palct, and 
perfect riower. 
genus of birds of wren-like character, having 
booted tarsi, and very short tail-feathers hidden 
by their coverts, commonly referred to the f am- 
poach 
ily Trot/l(Hli/ti<la>. There ale sfveral tnecles, all Asi- 
atic, as r. juainatu (or albiotnttr), P. putula, and 7*. can- 
data. The genus had before been called Tena by Hodg- 
son, from the Nepalese name of some bird of this kind. 
Tin- latest authority refers the genus to the Timtliida. 
R. B. Sharpe, Cat Birds Brit. Mus., VI. SOI. 
Pnyx (niks), n. [Gr. irrof (gen. jrvicvof ), a place 
of assembly(seedef.),< jrwtfcif, crowded. close.] 
A public place of assembly in ancient Athens, 
where the people met for the discussion of 
political affairs of the state ; also, a popular as- 
sembly convened in this place. 
n. A Middle English form of /-. 
An abbreviation: (a) of post-office; (b) 
(naut.) of petty officer. 
Poa (po'ft), . [NL. (Linnseus, 1737), < Gr. voa, 
dial. ~<HII. no'in, grass, esp. as fodder, an herb or 
plant.] A genus of grasses of the tribe Festuceie 
and subtribe Eufestucete, characterized by the 
commonly two- to six-flowered spikelets in a lax 
panicle, the smooth grain 
free from the palets, and the 
keeled and obtuse awnless 
flowering glume with five 
nerves converging at the 
apex . There are 100, or according 
to some over 200, species, widely 
dispersed, few in the tropics, most 
abundant in north temperate re- 
gions. They arc known in general 
as tneadow-yra&t or spcar-'fraxx. 
Some are low annuals, as /' an* 
nwa, the low spear-grass, abun- 
dant by American roadsides anil 
paths In parks, and blooming in 
the south from midwinter on ward. 
The other American species arc 
perennials, with tufted stems, of- 
ten tall, and soft leaves, flat or less 
often convolute. The genus con- 
tains several valuable hay- and 
pasture-grasses, of which the most 
Important Is P. pratensis, the 
Kentucky blue-grass, June-grass, 
etc. (See blue-ijraits and meadow 
>rraxx.) P. antabilig is cultivated 
under the name love-grog*, 1*. triri- 
ali* as bird^jrant, etc., and /' caett- 
pitosa as Australian //>'-. For 
otherspecies, Kebttjich-tfratui, dan- 
gers (under dagger* , *iX Jou'l-trraxx 
(under /wcji), June-ipraifs, silver- 
gram, teff, and wire-grass. 
Poaceae (po-a'se-e), . pi. 
[NL. (R. 'Brown, 1814), < 
J'oa + -acc&.] A series or division of the order 
(Iramiiicte, the gi'asses, distinguished from the 
other similar division, I'anicete, by the absence 
of a joint to the pedicel beneath the glumes, 
and by the presence of a stalk or empty glumes 
or imperfect flowers above the fertile flowers. 
It Includes the larger part of the grasses, or about 200 
genera (Poa being the type), In 7 tribes and 21 subtribes. 
poach 1 (poch), v. [Larly mod. E. also poatcli. 
patch, pochc, poch ; according to Cotgrave, who 
gives only the pp. pochc, < OF. pocher,poucher, 
thrust, poke (given by Cotgrave 'thrust or 
dig out with the fingers'), F. poclier, hit (the 
eye, so as to give one a black eye), also OF. 
pocher, blur (with ink), < LG. poken, poke, 
thrust, = MD. pochen, thrust: see poke 1 , of 
which poach 1 is thus ult. an assibilated form. 
Some refer this OF. pocher, pouchcr, to pouce. 
poulce, the thumb, < L. pollex (pollic-), the 
thumb: see pollex.] I. trans. If. To poke; 
thrust; push; put. 
Pull out my heart : O ! poach not out mine eyes. 
Sylvester, tr. of Dn Bartas's Weeks, IL, The Decay. 
His [Charlemagne's] horse, poching one of his legs into 
some hollow ground, made way for the smoking water to 
break out, and gave occasion for the Emperor's building 
that city [Alx]. Sir W. Temple, On the United Provinces, I. 
2. To stab; pierce; spear: as, to poach fish. 
They vse also to poche them [fish] with an instrument 
somewhat like the sammon-speare. 
R. Carew, Survey of Cornwall, p. 31. 
3. To tread ; break up or render slushy by fre- 
quent treading; mark with footprints. 
The cattle of the villagers . . . had poached into black 
mud the verdant tuft Scott. 
The poach' d filth that floods the middle street. 
Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
II. intrans. 1. To make a thrust in or as in 
sword-play. 
For where 
I thought to crush him In an equal force. 
True sword to sword, 111 patch \potehe, folio 1628) at him 
some way. 
Or wrath or craft may get him. Shale., Cor., i. 10. 15. 
To speak truly of latter times, they [the Spaniards] have 
rather poached and offered at a number of enterprises 
than maintained any constantly. Bacim, War with Spain. 
2. To be penetrable, as soft muddy or marshy 
ground; be damp and swampy. 
Chalky and clay lands burn in hot weather, chap In 
summer, and poach in winter. Mortimer, Husbandry. 
