pod-lover 
pod-lover (pod'hiv^er), H. The noctuid moth 
IHinitlnrciti fdii.iii]>liila: an English collectors' 
name, translating the specific term. 
podobranehia (pod-o-brang'ki-6), n. ; pi. poda- 
hniiii-hise (-e). [NL., < Or. irorf (TOO-), foot, + 
ppdyx'a, gills.] A foot-gill ; one of the respira- 
tory organs of crustaceans which are attached 
to the legs. Farts of a podobranehia are distinguished 
as the bane, xttm, expanded lamina, and apical plumt, 
besides the proper Irranehial filament*. Podobranchiao 
are coxopoditic, or borne upon the coxopodites of the limbs 
to which they are reapeetively attached, and of which they 
are the modified epipodites. See cuts under Podophthal- 
mia, especially II and AT. 
podobranchial (pod-o-brang' ki-al ) , a . [< podo- 
liriinchia + -al.] Of or pertaining to a podo- 
branehia. 
podobranchiate (pod-o-brang'ki-at), a. [< 
norlobrttncliia + -atel.] Havingpodobranchise. 
Podocarpese (pod-o-kar'pe-e), n.pl. [NL. (End- 
licher, 1847), < Podocarpiis + -ex.] Same as 
Taxoidex. 
Podocarpus (pod-6-kar'pus), n. [NL. (L'He- 
ritier, 1817), so called in allusion to the thick 
fleshy stalk which supports the fruit (not so 
in other conifers); < G?r. novf (TO^-), foot, -f 
Kapw6f, fruit.] A genus of coniferous trees of 
the tribe Taxoidex, characterized by solitary or 
twin pistillate flowers surrounded by a few 
scales, bearing a somewhat stalked and pro- 
jecting blade, which envelops the single adnate 
and inverted ovule. In fruit this blade usually be- 
comes fleshy, forming a pulpy covering to the hard shell- 
like seed, which contains a thin embryo with two seed- 
leaves only, in fleshy albumen. The staniinate flowers are 
solitary or in clusters of from two to five, or in long catkins, 
the stamens forming a long dense column covered with 
sessile two-celled anthers in spiral rows. There are from 
40 to 60 species, forming much the largest coniferous genus 
except Pinui. They are chiefly natives of the southern 
hemisphere beyond the tropics, and also frequent in mon- 
tane and eastern tropical Asia. They are evergreen trees, 
with much diversity in foliage : the leaves are either scat- 
tered, opposite, two-ranked, or crowded ; scale-like, linear, 
or broad ; and veinleaa or with many fine parallel veins. 
The fruit is a globular or ovoid drupe or nut, 1J inches or 
legs in diameter, in some species edible, as /'. andina, the 
plum-fir of Chili, with clustersof cherry-like fruits, and P. 
npimdaga, the native plum or damson of New South Wales, 
also called Mawarra pine and white pine. Several other 
species are known as fir or vine among the colonists of 
New Zealand, Australia, ana Cape Colony. Compare fir 
and pinel, and for individual species see kahikatea, matai, 
and miro. Many species are among the most important 
timber-trees of the southern hemisphere, as (besides the 
preceding)/". Totara, the mahogany-pine; P. mpremna, 
the kaw-tabua, one of the chief timber-trees of Java ; and 
the variousyellow- woods of Cape Colony. (HeeyeUow-itxwd. ) 
Others are a source of valuable gums, as P. polystachya, the 
wax-dammar of Singapore. Some are but bushes, others 
reach a great height, as P. amara of Java (200 f eetX and the 
yacca-tree of the West Indies (100 feet). Some botanists use 
the name of the section ffageia for the whole genus. 
podocephalous (pod-o-sef'a-lus), a. [< Or. 
Troiif (jrotS-), foot, + KtfaMi, head.] In hot., hav- 
ing a head of flowers elevated on a long pe- 
duncle : said of a plant. 
Podoces (po-do'sez), . [NL. (Fischer, 1823), 
< Gr. irodon/f, swift-footed, < noix; (ffoti-), foot, 
+ unit, swift.] A genus of oscine passerine 
birds of the family Corvidje and subfamily Fref/i- 
4579 
female (in mod. bot. pistil).] In liot., same as 
hasigyiiiiiiii. 
Podolian (po-do'li-an), a. [< It. PodoHa, (see 
def.) + -on.'] Of or pertaining to Podolia, a 
district of western Russia Podolian cattle, a 
breed of cattle widely distributed throughout Italy, usu- 
ally with white or gray coat and enormous horns, Po- 
dolian marmot, the Spalax typhlus. Pennant. 
pedology (po-dol'o-ji), n. [= F. podologie, < 
Gr. JTOIT (mxJ-), foot, 4- -foyta, < A/yriv, speak: 
see -iiliii/i/.] A treatise on or a description of 
the foot. Dunglison. 
pedometer (po-dom'e-ter), . [< Gr. voit (mx*-), 
foot, + fttrpov, measure.] Same as pedome- 
ter. 
Podophthalma (pod-of -thal'mS), n.pl. [NL. : 
see Podophthalmia.] 1. In Crustacea, same as 
Podophthalmia. Leach, 1815. 2. In conch., a 
division of rostriferous gastropods, having eyes 
at the ends of cylindrical peduncles which are 
separated from and at the outer edges of the 
long subulate tentacles. It includes the fam- 
ily Amrjullariidse. J. E. Gray, 1840. 3. [Used 
as a sing.] A genus of spiders, type of the 
Podophthalmidse. 
Podophthalmata (pod-of-thal'ma-ta), n. pi. 
[NL.,pl. of Podophthalma.'] Same as Podoph- 
thalmia. 
podophthalmate (pod-of-thal'mat), . [< Gr. 
mrif (ffo<5-), foot, + o00afy/<Sf , eye, + -ate 1 .] Same 
&snodoph thalmic. 
podophthalmatous(pod-of-thal'ma-tus), a. [< 
podophthalmatf + -ous.] Same as podophthal- 
mic. 
Podophthalmia ( pod-of -th al ' mi-s ) , . pi. [NL. , 
< Gr. TRwf (iro(?-), foot, + 600a///oc, eye: see 
ophthalmia.] A division of malacostracous 
Crustacea, having the eyes borne upon movable 
eye-stalks or ophthalmites, and the cephalo- 
M 
Desert-chough \ Todofes paHiitri}. 
linse, with short wings, characteristic of the des- 
ert regions of central Asia ; the desert-choughs. 
Four species are described P.panderi, P.hen- 
dersoni, P. biddulphi, and P. humilis. 
Podocoryne (pod'o-ko-ri'ne), n. [NL. (Sars, 
1842), < Gr. Troi'f (mwJ-j, foot, + Kopvvq, a club.] 
The typical genus of Podocorynidie. P. eariica 
is an example. Also Podocoryna. 
Podocorynidae (pod"o-ko-rin'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Podocoryne + -id/e.] A family of gymnoblas- 
tic hydromedusans, typified by the genus Podo- 
coryiic. 
podbdynia (pod-o-din'i-a), . [NL., < Gr. Trot'f 
(ro<J-), foot, + OO'ITII, pain.] Pain in the foot; 
podalgia. 
podogyn (pod'o-jin), H. [< F. ]>odf>(/yite,< NL. 
podogyiiiiim, q. v.] Same as /""/"'/'/"''I'''. 
podogynium (pod-6-jin'i-um), . ; pi. //<?"- 
!lili<t (-a). [NL., < Gr. irorf (nw?-), foot. + 
Parts of the Crawfish (dstacusjtuvintilis}. with the nomenclature 
of the appendages of the stalk-eyed crustaceans (Podophtholmia} 
ami the higher crustaceans (Matacastrafa ) in general. 
A. mandible : o, its terminal joints, being the palpus of the mandi- 
ble ; ft. first maxilla; I. second maxilla; cii, scaphognathite ; A 
first maxilliped; E, second maxilliped : F, third maxilliped. (fl 
right ; the others left.) In A to F, a&, endopodite ; c t exopodite ; d, 
epipodite : e, setaceous filaments of coxopodite. M, cross-section of 
half a thoracic somite : a, the somite ; b. the coxopodite ; f, basipo- 
dite; tt, ischiopodite; A, branchiferous epipodite ;,A f, branchiae; f, 
filiform appendage. N, a branchifemus epipodite. enlarged: a, its 
point of attachment ; A, basal enlargement ; f, c. branchial filaments : 
J, terminal lobes. 
thorax forming a carapace; the stalk-eyed crus- 
taceans: distinguished from Edriophthalmia. 
The group is divisible into two orders, Stomatopada and 
Deeapoda, the latter containing the most familiar crusta- 
ceans, as prawns, shrimps, crawfish, lobsters, and crabs. 
See also cuts under Aitacida, Astacus, Copepoda, copepod- 
stage, endopodite, lobster, prawn, and Halle-eyed. 
podophthalmian (pod-of-thal'mi-an), a. and . 
I. a. Same as podophthalmic. 
II. n. A member of the Podophthalmia. 
podophthalmic (pod-of-thal'mik), a. [< Gr. 
(irorf-), foot, + d00aA//df, eye (see ophthal- 
ia), + -ic.] Stalk-eyed, as a crustacean ; be- 
longing to the Podophthalmia. 
Podophthalmidse (pod-of-thal'mi-de), n. pi. 
[NL. (Cambridge, 1877), < Podophthalma + 
-idx.] A family of spiders, allied to the Lyco- 
sidse and Agalenidx, and having the eyes placed 
in four rows, the legs long and slender, and the 
abdomen long and cylindrical : typified by the 
genus Podophthalma. It is represented in the 
southern United States by the genus Tetra- 
podophthalmite (pod-of-thal'mit), . [< Gr. 
Troi'r (nxS-), foot, + E. ophthalmite.] The distal 
or terminal joint of the movable two-jointed 
Podostemon 
ophthalmite or peduncle of th<- eye of it stalk- 
eyed crustacean, the other being the basiopli- 
tlialmitf. See cut under stalk-* i/< d. 
podophthalmitic (pod'of-thal-mit'ik), a. [< 
/HMlojihthalmitc + -ic.] Of or pertaining to a 
podophthalmite. 
podophthalmous (pod-of -thal'mus), a. [< pod- 
oiihliialm-if + -oiw.J Same as podophtlialmic. 
podophyllic (pod-o-fil'ik), a. [< podopJiyll-in 
+ -ic.] Pertaining to or derived from podo- 
phyllin. 
podophyllin (pod-o-fil'in), n. [= F. podopliyl- 
line; < 2'odophyllum + -M>.1 A resin obtained 
from the rootstalk of Podophyllum peltatttm. 
It is uied In medicine as a purgative, and seems to have 
the power of stimulating the secretion of bile. 
podophyllous (pod-o-fil'us), a. [= F. nodo- 
nhyUeur, < Gr. m>ff (wo(5-), foot, + $i*&pv, a leaf.] 
In entom., having the feet or locomotive organs 
compressed into the form of leaves. 
Podophyllum (pod-o-nl'um), . [NL. (Linnte- 
us, 173(), so called in allusion to the 5- to 7- 
parted leaf, thought to resemble the foot of 
some animal; < Or. naif (TO^-), foot, + fv%- 
tov, leaf.] A genus of polypetalous plants of 
the order Berberidese and tribe Berbercte, char- 
acterized by having the ovules in manv rows, 
the flower with six sepals, from six to nine pet- 
als, as many or twice as many stamens, and a 
large peltate stigma crowning the ovary, which 
becomes in fruit a berry. There are 2 species, one 
being P. peltatum, the Hay-apple or wild mandrake of 
North America, the other a Himalayan species. They are 
singular herbs, with thick and prolonged poisonous creep- 
Ing rootstocks, from which rise long-stalked orbicular pel- 
tate and deeply lobed leaves, known among children as 
umbrella*, from their resemblance both when folded and 
when expanded ; also called duetts-foot. The flowering 
stem, unlike the other, bears two leaves, peltate near the 
edge, and between them a single large flat white flower. 
The leaves are poisonous, hut the sweetish yellow egg- 
shaped fruit is sometimes eaten. See May-apple, 1, man- 
drake, 2, hog-apple, and podophyllin. 
podopter (po-dop'ter), . [< Gr. TOI'C (~o<5-), 
foot, + -reyiov, wing, = E. feather.] A mem- 
ber of the Podojitera. 
podoscaph (pod'o-skaf), n. [< Gr. noi-f (nv5-). 
foot. + (T(i^oc, a ship: see seaphux.] A hollow 
apparatus, like a small boat, attached one to 
each foot, and serving to support the body erect- 
on the water, 
Podosomata (pod-o-so'ma-tii), n.pl. [NL., 
neut. pi. of podosomatux : see podoxontatotix.] 
In Leach's system, an order of aporobranchiate 
Arachnida, constituted by the single family 
Pycnogonidse. 
podosomatous (pod-o-som'a-tns), a. [< NL. 
podosomatiin, < Gr. m>f'f (iro6-), foot, -f- nufia(r-), 
body.] Having the legs of conspicuous size in 
comparison with the body; specifically, of or 
pertaining to the Podosomata. 
podosperm (pod'6-sperm), n. [= Y.podospcrme, 
< Gr. Tore ("'<"'-), foot, + oTrlpfia, seed: see 
sperm.] In bot., same s.sfunicle, 4. 
podospermium (pod-o-sper'mi-um), n. [NL. : 
see podosperm.] In bot., same as fvnicle, 4. 
Podosphaera (pod-o-sfe'ra), n. [NL. (Kunze), 
< Gr. Toff (mxJ-), foot, 4- aQaipa, a ball.] A 
genus of pyrenomycetous fungi of the family 
Erysiphese, The appendages are free from the mycelium, 
and dichotomously branched at the end. The perithecium 
contains but a single ascus. P. Oxyacanthx is the cherry- 
blight 
Podostemaceas (pod'6-ste-ma'se-e), . pi. [NL. 
(Lindley, 1835), < Podogtemon + -<tcete'] A pe- 
culiar order of apetalous plants of little-known 
affinity, characterized by the ovary of two or 
three cells, with numerous ovules in each cell, 
and by the aquatic habit, with creeping or ex- 
panded disks in place of roots, united to stones 
under water, from which arise stems with small 
leaves like mosses, or fronds resembling algae. 
The flowers are minute, with one, two, few, or many sta- 
mens, one ovary and two or three styles, a three- or five- 
cleft perianth, or in its place a row of little scales, and the 
fruit a small capsule. There are about 116 species, belong- 
ing to 4 tribes and 23 genera, of which Podottemon Is the 
type. They are small plants of rapid rivers and brooks, 
growing firmly attached to stones under water, natives of 
the tropics, mainly In America, Africa, and Asia. 
Podostemon (pod-6-ste'mon), n. [NL. (Mi- 
chaux, 1803), so called in allusion to the eleva- 
tion of the two stamens on a stalk supporting 
the ovary; < Gr. jroi'f (T<X?-), foot, + <rrr///tn>, 
warp (stamen).] A genus of aquatic plants, 
type of the order Podostemacea; and tribe Eu- 
podostemex, characterized by the two stamens 
with filaments united more than half their 
length, the two awl-shaped and entire stigmas, 
and an equally two-valved, oval, obtuse pod 
with two cells and eight ribs. There are about 20 
species, natives of North America, Brazil, Madagascar, 
