poll 
Neither can justice yield lier fruit with sweetness among 
the briars mid brambles of catching and wMiiuj clerks and 
ministers. Roam, Judicature (ed. 1887). 
Great man in utliue may securely rob whole provinces, 
iinili) thousands, pill aitd i4l. 
Burton, Anat. of Mel., To the Reader, p. 41. 
4. To enumerate one by one; enroll in a list 
or register, as for the purpose of levying a poll- 
tax. 5. To pay, as a personal tax. 
The man that polled but twelve pence for his head. 
Dryden, tr. of Juvenal's Satires, ill. 268. 
6. To canvass or ascertain the opinion of. 
I believe you might have //.,//,,/ the North, and had a 
response, three to one: "Let the Union go to pieces, 
rather than yield one inch." 
If. Phillips, Speeches, etc., p. 379. 
7. To receive at the polls: as, A polled only 
50 votes; also, to cast at the polls: as, a large 
vote was polled. 8. To vote at the polls; bring 
to the polls. 
And poll for points of faith his trusty vote. 
Ticlcdl, From a Lady to a Gentleman at Avignon. 
The Greenbackcrs in 1880 putted 307,740 votes In the 
whole country. The Nation, July 31, 1884, p. 81. 
II. intrans. To vote at a poll; record a vote, 
as an elector. 
I should think It no honour to be returned to Parliament 
by persons who, thinking me destitute of the requisite 
qualifications, had yet been wrought upon by cajolery 
and importunity to poll for me in despite of their better 
judgment. Macaulay, in Trevelyan, I. 251. 
polls (pol), H. [Abbr. of Polly (for Molly), a fa- 
miliar form of Mary and a common name of 
parrots.] A parrot: also called poll-parrot and 
potty. 
poll 3 (pol), . [So called as being one of 'the 
many, Gr. o< iroA/.o/, the many, pi. of iroAi'f, 
much, many: see /-/ 2 .] A student nt Cam- 
bridge University in Kngland who merely takes 
a degree, lint receives no honors; one who is 
not a candidate for honors The poll, such stu- 
dents collectively. Captain Of the poll See captain. 
Pollachius (po-la'ki-us), . [NL. (Nilsson; 
Bonaparte, 1846), < E. pollack.] In iclitli., a ge- 
nus of gadoid fishes closely resembling Gadus 
proper, but having the lower jaw protrusive, 
with a rudimentary or obsolete barbel, and the 
teeth of the upper jaw subequal. It contains the 
truo pollack and the green pollack, or coalftsh, of the North 
Atlantic, both sometimes called yreen-cod, and P. chalco- 
l/rammut of the North 1'aclflc. See cut under coalfah. 
pollack, pollock (pol'ak, -ok), . [Cf. 1). G. 
pollack (< E.); < Gael. "pollag, a whiting, = Ir. 
putlog, a pollack.] A fish of the genus I'ollu- 
cllilts. The true pollack, of European waters only, is P. 
pollachi us or P. tytnts, also called yreen-cod, irreenji*h,irrecn- 
linff, laithe, laits, leeat, leet, left*, lytht, lob, ekret, and tehit- 
ing-pollack. The green pollack of Atlantic waters, both Eu- 
ropean and American, is a closely related species, P. vireng 
or P. carbonaritut, called coo//f*A(and by many other names) 
In England. Both these Ashes are greenish-brown aliove, 
with the sides and the belly silvery, the lateral line pale, 
and the fl us mostly pale ; Imt the true pollack has a much 
more projecting under jaw, the snout twice as long as the 
eye, the vent more In advance (being below the anterior 
half of the first dorsal t!u\ and the first anal fin much 
longer. The pollack of Pacific waters, P. chalcoyrammiu, 
is more decidedly different. Like the cod, hake, and had- 
dock, the pollacks are among the important food-flshes of 
the family (Jadidft. 
poll-adz (pol'adz), H. An adz with a striking- 
face on the head or poll, opposite the bit. E. 
H. Knight. 
pollaget (po'laj), . [(poll 1 + -age.] A poll- 
tax; nence, extortion. 
It is unknowne to any man what minde Paul, the Bishop 
of Rome, beareth to us for deliuering of our realme from 
his greuous bondage and pollage. Foxe, Martyrs, p. 990. 
pollam (pol'am), ii. [Hind, (f).] Afiefjadis- 
trict held by a poligar. [Hindustan.] 
pollan (pol'an), n. [= So. powan; cf. pollack.] 
The so-called fresh-water herring of Ireland, a 
variety of whitelish technically known as Core- 
yon x pollan, found in the various loughs. The 
corresponding variety of the Scotch lochs is 
called powan and rendace. See Coregonus and 
Mftgb*. 
pollarchy (pol'ar-ki), . [< Gr. n-o/liif, many 
(pi. ol TTO/UOI, the many), -f dpxn, rule.] The 
rule of the many ; government by the mob or 
masses. [Rare!] 
A contest . . . between those representing oligarchical 
principles and the pttllarchy. 
W. H. KutaeU, My Diary, North and South, II. 340. (flume*. > 
pollard (pol'Hrd), n. [</>o//l + -ard. Indef. 2, 
< ME. poOard, AF. pollard.] 1. A tree cut 
back nearly to the trunk, and thus caused to 
form a dense head of spreading branches, which 
are in turn cut for basket-making and fagot- 
wood. Willows ami poplars especially are so 
treated. 2. A clipped coin. The term was applied 
r<pr('i;tlly to the counterfeits of the English silver penny 
289 
4507 
Imported into England by foreign merchants In the reign 
of Edward I. 
He then retourned Into England, and so vnto London, 
where, by the aduyce of some of his counsayle, he sodeyn- 
ly dampned certayne coynes of money, called pollanlei, 
crocardes, and rosaries, and caused theym to be broughte 
vnto newe coynage to his great aduantage. 
Fabyan, Chron., II., an. 1350. 
3. A polled animal, as a stag or an ox without 
horns. 4. Same us /(//' , 7. 5. A coarse pro- 
duct of wheat. 
The coarsest of bran, vsuallle called gnrgcons, at pollard. 
Harrison, Descrip. of Eng., 11. 6. 
pollard (pol'ard), v. t. [< pollard, n.] To make 
a pollard, of ;" convert (a tree) into a pollard by 
cutting off the head. 
Elm and oak, frequently pollarded and cut, . . . Increases 
the bulk and circumference. Evelyn, Sylva, III. u. 
pollax, ppllaxet, ". See potear. 
poll-book (pol'buk), H. A register of persons 
entitled to vote at an election. 
poll-clerk (pol'klerk), H. A clerk appointed to 
assist the presiding officer at an election. In 
British elections that officer may do by poll-clerks any 
act which be may do at a polling-station, except to arrest, 
eject, or exclude a person. In South Australia and Queens- 
land the duties of a poll-clerk arc to have charge of the 
ballots and furnish them to voters, as required of the bal- 
lot-clerk In New York anil Massachusetts. 
polled (pold), p. a. [Pp. of polfl, t'.] 1. De- 
prived of the poll ; lopped, as a tree having the 
top cut off. 2. Cropped; clipped; also, bald; 
shaven. 
These pulled locks of mine. . . . while they were long, 
were the ornament of my sex. Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, II. 
The polled bachelor. Beau, and Fl. 
3. Having no horns or antlers: noting a stag or 
other deer that has cast its antlers, or a hornless 
breed of cattle, or an animal that has lost its 
horns or whose horns have been removed : as, a 
polled vow. Also called, in Scotland, dodrled. 
The Drumlanrig anil Ai drossan herds are extinct. These 
herds were horned , the latter having latterly become polled 
on the Introduction of pulled bnlU from Hamilton. 
Atner. Xaturalut, XXII. 789. 
pollen (pol'en), n. [= F. pollen = Sp. polen = 
Pg. pollm = It. polline, < NL. pollen (pollin-), 
pollen, < L. pollen (pollin-), also 
pollia (pollin-), fine flour, mill- 
dust, also fine dust of other 
things; cf. Gr. ira'/>/, the finest 
meal.] A fine yellowish dust or 
powder produced in the anther of 
a flower (whence it is discharged 
when mature), which when mag- 
nified is found to consist of sep- 
arate grains of definite si/.e and 
shape ; the male or fecundat- 
ing element in flowering plants: 
the homologue of the microspore 
in cryptogams. The Individual 
grains are usually single-celled and of 
a globular or oval form, but they may 
occasionally be composed of two or sev- 
eral cells, curiously irregular In shape. 
They are often beautifully orna- 
mented with spines, angles, lines, etc , * 
and while they are very uniform in the 
same species they often differ widely in (%-*O 
different species or families. Pollen- * 
grains are usually formed In fours by Orainsof Pollenof 
the division of the contents of mother- .' f 5*?'?' *'' 
cells into two parts and these again into '"ntyltus, '^ H]"I'S- 
two parts. Each grain has two coats, the cut MosfhtHtox. 
inner of which is called the iaHnf and (*> Patti/iara m- 
the outer the extine. See pollen tube. "'" " d , ' " 
pollen (pol'en), v.t. [< pollen, H.] 
To cover or dust with pollen ; supply with pol 
len. Tennyson. Voyage of Maeldune. 
pollenarious (pol-e-na'ri-us), a. [Prop, "pol- 
linariotix ; < pollen (NL. pollen, pollin-) 4- -ari- 
ous.] Consisting of pollen or meal. 
pollenarium (pol-e-na'ri-um), 11. An erroneous 
form for pollina ri um. Hoffman. 
pollenation (pol-e-na'shon), n. Saraeasjiof- 
lenization. 
Experiments to show, by cmK-pnllenation*, the relation 
itween gonotropic Irritability and appropriate nutrition 
jon the growth and direction of pollen-tubes. 
Amer. \aturalbl, XXIV. 369. 
pollen-brash (pol'en-brnsh), H. The corbicu- 
lum of a bee. See cut under corbiculum. 
pollen-catarrh (pol'en-ka-tar'), . Same as 
It a t/- fever. 
pollen-cell (pol'en-sel), n. In bot., a cell or 
chamber of an anther in which pollen is devel- 
oped. 
pollen-chamber (pol'cn-cham'ber), . In gym- 
nosperms, the cavity at the apex of the ovule 
in which the pollen-grains lie after polleniza- 
tion. It is beneath the integuments. Also 
called pollinic rlmmlnr. 
betw 
upon 
pollez 
pollen-fever (pol'en-fe'ver), . Same as Itay- 
pbllengert (pol'en-jer). n. [< -pollni/i-i-, < /i/71 
+ -ayr(vt. pollat/e) + -t-r l . Ct. pollard; and for 
llii' form, cf. jHirrinijei; etc.] I. A pollard tree. 
See quotation under liuxliiiii<l, it., 5. 2. Brush- 
wood. Tusger, Husbandry, January. 
pollen-grain (poren-gran), n. See pvllen. 
polleniferous (pol-e-nif'e-rus), a. [< NL. ;iof- 
len (pollin-), pollen, + L. ferre = E. bear 1 .] 
An erroneous form of polliiiiferoun. 
pollenization (pol'en-i-za'shon), H. [<. pnlli-ii- 
ce + -ilium.] The act or process of supplying 
or impregnating with pollen. 
pollenize (pol'eu-iz), r. /.; pret. and pp. pollcn- 
ized, ppr. pollciiising. [< pollen + -ire.] To 
supply with pollen ; impregnate with pollen. 
pollen-mass (pol'en-mas), ii. In bot., same as 
pol lin in in. 
The sterility of the flowers, when protected from Ihe 
access of insecU, depends solely on the pollen- moves not 
coming into contact with the stigma. 
Dartrin, KertiL of Orchids by Insect*, p. a>. 
pollen-paste (pol'en-past), . Pollen mixed 
with a little honey, as it is stored by bees for 
the sustenance of their young. Kneaded with 
more honey and with a secretion from the niout h 
of the insects, it becomes bee-bread. 
pollen-plate (pol'en-plat), ii. In eulom., a flat 
or hollowed surface fringed with stiff hairs, 
used as a receptacle for pollen. These plates are 
found on the Inner sides of the tibia; and tarsi, r on the 
sides of the metathorax. of various species of bees. Those 
on the legs are called corbitula. See cut under corbiculmn. 
pollen-sac (pol'en-sak), 11. The sac in which 
the pollen is produced ; the anther-cell: the ho- 
mologue of the microsporangium in cryptogams. 
pollen-spore (pol'eu-spor), . Same' as pollen- 
grain. See pollen, 
pollent (porent), a. [< L. poiim(t-). ppr. of 
pollcre, be strong.] Powerful; prevailing. 
We bad no arms or merely lawful ones, 
An unimportant sword and blunderbuss. 
Against a foe juitlent in potency. 
Browning, King and Book, II. 100. 
pollen-tube (pol'en-tiib), H. In hot., the tube 
through which the fecundating element is con- 
veyed to the ovule. When a pollen-grain is deposited 
upon a fitting stigma, at a time when the stlgmatlc secre- 
tion Is sufficiently abundant, it Increases somewhat In -i/. 
and soon a tube (sometimes more than one) Is thrust forth 
and passes immediately into the loose tissue of the itlg- 
matlc surface. The tube consists of a protrusion of the 
Inline. During its descent the pollen-tul>e Is slender, of 
aliout the same calil>er throughout, and has extremely 
thin walls. It extends through the conducting tissue of 
the style, being nourished by the nutrient matter secreted 
from the cells of that tissue, until It at last reaches the 
cavity of the ovary and penetrates the mkropyle of the 
ovule. 
poller (po'ler), M. [Formerly a.]so]iotrler; <.poll l 
+ -er 1 .] One who polls. ( ) One who shaves per- 
sons or cuts their hair ; a barber ; a hair-dresser. I Rare. ] 
R. I know him not; Is he a draft barber? 
'.'. O yea; why, he Is mistress Lamia's pouitrr. 
Promos and Catsandra, v. 4. (Xaret.) 
(6) One who lops or polls trees, (ct) A pillager; a plun- 
derer; one who fleeces by exaction. 
The puller and exacter of fees. 
Bacon, Judicature (ed. 1887). 
(rf) One who registers voters ; also, one who casts a vote at 
the polls. 
pollett (pol'et), H. [For 'jiaulet, for epaulet, 
q. v.] Same &s jwlli-tte. 
pollettet (pol'et), n. [For 'paulette, for epau- 
lette, < F. epaulette, an epaulet, dim. of ejiaule, 
the shoulder: see ej>aulet.] The pauldron or 
epaulet worn with the suits of armor of the six- 
teenth century. 
poll-evil (pol'e'vl), H. A swelling or aposteme 
on a horse's head, or on the nape of the neck 
between the ears. Formerly also pole-eril. 
pollex (pol'eks), n. ; pi. polliees (-i-sez). [L., 
the thumb, the great toe, perhaps < pollere, be 
strong: see pollent.] 1. In anat., the inner- 
most digit of the hand or foot, when there are 
five; the thumb or the great toe, especially the 
thumb, the great toe being usually distinguished 
&9 pollex pedif, or halltuc. 2. In zofil.: (a) The 
innermost digit of the fore limb only, when 
there are five ; the digit that corresponds to the 
human thumb, (ft) The thumb of a bird: tin- 
short digit bearing the alula or bastiml wilif.'. 
regarded as homologous with either the human 
thumb or the forefinger Abductor longua pol- 
llcls. Same as extentor omit tnetamrpi imllifit. - Adduc- 
tor polllcis pedls. See adductor.- Extensor brevls 
or minor pollicis. Same as extennir priini internodii 
i*Mirix. Extensor ossis metacarpl pollicis. Se ex- 
ten*iir. Extensor polllds loniois or major. Same a 
frtentor wrMn/fi' internodii pollicis. Extensor prlmi 
internodii pollicls. see <M-fcii<r. Extensor pro- 
