polypharmacy 
ing of too many medicines, especially in one 
prescription. 
There is, to be sure, the Immense negative blessing of 
our deliverance from the pulyjiharmacy and iilmia dlli- 
gentia of our forefathers. 
Dr. J. Brown, Spare Hoars, 3d ser., Pref., p. 15. 
polyphemet (pol'i-fem), n. [< polyphemug.] 
One of a group of snail-shells, such as Halia 
pt'iuniHS. 
Polyphemidse (pol-i-fem'i-de), 
4607 
are simultaneously combined without losing 
their independent character, but with harmo- 
nious effect; contrapuntal: opposed on one 
side to moiiotJic, monojihonic, and homopliimi: . 
and on another to harmonic: as, a fugue is a 
polyphonic form of composition. (6) Noting 
an instrument which is capable of producing 
more than one tone at a time, as an organ or a 
harp. 
Also 
. 
ulti- 
polyplacid 
of which the nearest modern synonym is <n- 
lentera or Calenterata. Specifically -(at) InraTleVi 
system of classification, Poliipi were the fourth class of 
his liadiala, divided into three orders Canton, Inrlud- 
Ing Actinia and l.uemuiria ; Gdatinori, Including Hydra 
and the Polytua ; and CuralUferi, or the corals at large, 
with Pennatula, Aleyonium, and also the sponges. (6) 
In Leuckart's system (1848), they were one of two classcx 
of Cctlentera, distinguished from Atalrphje, and divided 
Into two orders, AnUiuzoa and Cyliaaoa. (c) In Mllne- 
Kdwards's system (1866X an alternative name of his Coral- 
laria, or the third clasaof his Hadiaria, distinguished from 
echinodenns and acajeplu. Also Poiypiaria, Polyp\frra, 
Polypiphfra. 
polyphemous (pol-i-fe'mus), . [< L. Poly- 
/ili< max. < Gr. IIo/U'^i7/zof, a one-eyed Cyclops: 
see polyphemus.] One-eyed; monoculous; cy- 
clopean, 
polyphemus (pol-i-fe'mus), n. [NL., < L. Poly- 
/i/t< iiti/x, < Gr. Ho)(.iKfn/ftof, a Cyclops so named, 
many-voiced, also famous. < TTO- 
to the polyphonitmi, or repercussions of the rocks and ca' 
eras, and other phouocamptic . . . objects below in the 
mount. Dcrham, Physlco-Theology, I. 3. 
2. In music, the use of polyphony, or the state 
of being polyphonic in structure. 
_ many, + ^p/, voice, fame : see fame*.] 1 . polyphonlst (pol'i-fo-nist), . [< polyphon-y + 
An animal which has only one eye, whether -''.] 1. One who professes the art of multi- 
naturally or abnormally; a cyclops. 2. The plyingsounds. orwbomakesa variety of sounds; 
specific name of the king-crab, Limulus poly- an imitator of a variety of sounds; a ventrilo- 
pliennis. 3. [ca/).] In Crustacea, the typical quist. 2. One who understands or uses poly- 
genus of the family Polyphemidee : so called phony; a contrapuntist. 
from the large solitary and apparently single polyphonium (pol-i-fo'ni-um), n. [NL., < Gr. 
eye formed by the coalescence of a pair of ffo/.tyuiYa, variety of tones: see polyphony.] In 
eyes. P. stagiiorum is an example. 4. Any music, a polyphonic composition, 
member of the family Polypltemidx. 5. In LK- polyphonpus(pol'i-f6-uus),. [=F.polyphone, 
pitloptera, the technical specific and (abso- < Gr. iroAi^uwir, having many tones, < iro/ti?, 
lutely) the vernacular name of one of the larg- many, + <j>ui>r/, sound, voice, tone : see phone 1 .] 
est American silkworms or silkworm-moths, Same &s polyphonic. 
Telea polyphemus. The caterpillar feeds on many dif- polyphony (pol'i-fo-ni, oftener po-lif'6-ni), 11. 
ferent native trees, as oak, walnut, hickory, willow, elm, [= P. poli/phonie = Pg. iwlyphonia, < NL. ix>lu- 
maple, poplar, etc., and is of a clear apple-green color with ,,/, < <f r . jroXi^urm, variety of tones, < xo/.'u- 
ifiuvor, having many tones: see potyphonous.] 
1. The capability of being pronounced in va- 
rious ways characterizing some written char- 
acters. 
It will be seen how great an clement of ambiguity was 
introduced by the 
tion of a Turania: 
rrtvofrf", oo l/w Hy/*/lf -f/r(,f ~r VOHP.J A. 1V1II11I- n Ft 1 r>1 I .- 
plicitv of sounds, as in the reverberations of ^^A* ' ur " 1 ,. f I"' 1 ??- . rVT . . 
an echo. Polyyiana (pol'i-pi-a'n-a), u. pi. [NL., < L. 
polinius, a polyp : see poli/p.] Same a.aPoly>>i. 
I.have.cho.en to single out the pge. which relate ^1^,^ (pol'i-pi-l'rf/an), and ... [< 
Poli/Maria + -an.] "I. a. 6f or pertaining to 
the Poiypiaria; polypiferous ; eonenterate. 
H. n. A member of the Poiypiaria. 
polypiarium (pol'i-pi-a'ri-um), n.; pi. poly- 
piaria (-ft). [NL. : see polypary.] Same as 
polypide (pol'i-pid), n. [< polyp + -ide*.] An 
individual zoom of a polyzoarium, or compound 
polyzoan; the individual organism contained 
in one of the cells or cups of the ectocyst of a 
polyzoarium, just as an individual of a com- 
pound coralligenous actinozoan is contained in 
a cup of the polvpidom. The polypide of a polyzoan 
thus corresponds to the polyplte of a cn-lenterate. See 
pulfliaru, and cuts under Plumalella and Polytoa. 
polypidom (pol'i-pi-duni), H. [< Gr. imM jroif, a 
polyp, + <W^of, house.] An aggregate of poly- 
pites or polypides ; a compound polypary, or the 
dermal system of a colony of individual actino- 
zoans, hydrozoaus, or polyzoans ; a polyp-stock, 
or the stem of a colony of zoOphytes, contain- 
ing the cells of the individual polypites or poly- 
pides which fabricate it. Thus, a piece of coral is 
the polypidom of an actinozoan or hydrozoan ; a sea-mat is 
the polypidom (more exactly, the ixiyzoary) of a polyzoan. 
See cuts under Coralligena and Polyu 
'" I*"*"* '" vivnituv \t, niiitii^ullj *IOB . - _ v ' 
e polyphony which arose from the adapta- polypier (pol i-per), H. and . [< I .folypier, < 
.11 syllabary to a Semitic language. NL. jioly/iiarium : see polypary.] I. n. 1. A 
Imac Taylor, The Alphabet, I. 45. polyp in sense (rf) ; a polypite or polypide ; one 
Polyphemus-moth, with right wings removed. ( One half natural size. ) 
yellow lateral lines. The cocoon is oval and usually wrap- 
ped in a leaf, sometimes falling to the ground, but often 
hanging on the tree all winter. The moth is normally 
single brooded in the northern United States, but double- 
brooded In the southern. The silk can be reeled, but with polyphore (pol'i-for), H. [= 
considerable difficulty, and is lustrous and strong. The 7ro'ixiix>c bearine much < r. 
moth has a wing-spread of five or six inches, and is of a ,,,, _K ;,,,,. i i I,, ;,,.'* , 
half color, with a laige eye-spot on each hind wing. " -J ln vol., a. 
polyphloesboean (pol'i-fles-be'an), . [< Gr. 
2. In music, the act, process, art, or result of 
simultaneously combining two or more voice- 
parts so that they shall maintain their indi- 
viduality and independent interest, and yet 
shall harmonize with each other; counterpoint. 
It is opposed to monody, minophony, and homnphmiy. In 
which a single voice-part is raised into decided promi- 
nence, and to harmony (in one of iU senses), in which the 
attention is centered upon the successive chords as such 
rather than U|xjn the voice-parts that constitute them. 
Sec couitterpointv, 3. 
= P polyjiltorr, < Gr. 
' o?if, much, + ^rf- 
.. ._, , fleshy receptacle 
with numerous ovaries, as that of a" strawberry. 
[< polypliote + 
(gen. m&v&oleBou?), loud-roaring, POlypnotal (pol i-fo-tal), . 
frequent in Homer as an epithet of Bd/aaoa, the *! . s i" uo >><>j!/l>l>tc. 
sea; < ffoXfc, much, + ^om/fof, roar, noise.] polypnote (pol i-fot), . 
Loud-roaring. 
Two men are walking by the polyphltrslman ocean. 
O. W. Holmes, Autocrat, iv. 
pplyphobia (pol-i-fo'bi-ft), . [NL., < Gr. iro- 
/if> many, + -^o/?/a, < QeftcaOai, fear.] Morbid 
fear of many things: nearly equivalent to putt- 
tapholiia. 
poiyphone (pol'i-fon), n. [< Gr. TroXrf, many,+ 
0<jiv/, voice, sound: see phone 1 .] A written 
sign capable of being read in more than one 
way, or standing for two or more phonetic signs. 
The different phonetic values of the polyphonei. 
Encye. Brit., XI. 801. 
polyphonia (pol-i-fo'ni-a), n. [NL.: see 
phony.] Same as ]>oli/pltony. 
polyphonian (pol-i-fo'ui-an), a. [< polypho- 
ii-otix + -Jan.] Many-voiced; polyphonic. 
I love the air; her dainty sweets refresh 
My drooping soul, and to new sweets invite me; 
Her shrill mouth'd choir sustain me with their flesh, 
And with their Polyphonian notes delight me. 
tjiiarli'-". Emblems, v. 6. 
polyphonic (pol-i-fon'ik), a. [= P. polypho- 
nic/iie = Pg. polyphonico; as polypJion-ous + 
-ic.] 1. Capable of being read or pronounced 
in more than one way : said of a written char- 
acter. 
polyp i 
individual, or a single cell, of a compound 
polyp. 2. A polypidom, polypary, or polyp- 
stock; a compound or aggregate polyp; a poly- 
zoarium. 
Sometimes each polyp has a distinct polypirr, but In 
general it Is the common portion of a mass of aggregated 
polypi which present* the characters peculiar to these 
bodies, and thus theso form aggregated votiivim, the vol- 
ume of which may become very considerable, although 
each of Its constituent parts has dimensions which are 
very small. MUne-Edicardt, Manual of Zoology, Ul. 
H. a. Composed of the stony material of 
somepolypidoms; coral-like: as. polypier beads. 
Catalogue Boban Collection, 188?! 
polypiety (pol-i-pi'e-ti), ii. [< Gr. m>).if, many, 
+ E. piety.] Belief in or reverence for any- 
thing and everything; tolerance of all kinds of 
piety or belief. [Rare.] 
Polypiety Is the greatest impiety in the world. To say 
that men ought to have liberty of conscience Is Impious 
ignorance. H. Ward, Simple Cobler, p. 5. 
polypifer (pol'i-pi-fer), . [< L. polypus, polyp, 
+ ferre = Gr. fepeiv = E. bear 1 .] A 
[< Gr. ffo/.if, many, 
(I/IUT-), light.] An epithet applied to 
electric arc-lamps which are so constructed 
that more than one may be used on the same 
electric circuit. Mononhote lamps require a 
separate circuit for each lamp. 
POlyphyletic (pol'i-fi-let'ik), . [< Gr. To/iV, 
many, + <t>v/.t/, tribe: see phylc, phi/li ti<\ 
Pertaining to or derived from several puyiu; T'T% -i ^s~ " ~ -v.'?" 
having several different lines of descent : as, a J'W//^-J Same as 1 tffpt. 
poli/phyletic origin. 2. Of or pertaining to the Polypiferous (pol-i-pif e-rus), a [< L. 
doctrine or theory that animals are not mono- l )olv P' + A"? =. E - '" r \-f Be , ann g polyps : 
pites: as, the polyptfermis sur- 
Also polypiparons, polypigerout. 
j polyp-stock; a member of the Polypi ft-ru. 
phyla; Polypifera (pol-i-pif'e-rft), . pi. 
polyp or 
JT. 
[NL.: see 
phyletic. but are severally and specially created, F^ l 'S in f tfy&* 1 * he polypiferout sur- 
or at least derived from many different sources. 
< Gr. m 
many, + 
poll 
with many leaves, "( /d?'. Polypus. 
leaf.] In bot., many-leafed: Polyplgerous(pol-i-pig'e-rus),n. [<L./)o/i 
.j an j]j poly?- "*" gcrere, carry.] Same as pobwi/Sn 
)hylloii3 calyx or perianth. 
'-- . , 
occasionally the case in the plum. Foliage, 
leaves, and all the parts of the flowers may be^ 
so affected. 
The particular value to be assigned to each of the poly- polyphyodont (pol-i-fi'6-dont), a. and II. [< 
phonic characters. Imac Taylor, The Alphabet, I. 46. Gr - } t ^c, manifold (< mlif, many, + <t>i-eiv, 
produce), + o<5orf (odovr-) = E. tooth.] I. n. 
Having several sets of teeth, as a fish : opposed 
(pol'i-fil-f), w. 7<NL.MtaMKa, POlTPiparous (pol-i-pip'a-rus), a. [< L.poly- 
wli/DhulioKS.I P?*> VlyP, + parere, produce.] Same nspoly- 
[=P. polypite; &spolyj> 
tamerous calyx has' six or more sepals^ M is + - ite '*-1 1 - Tne f'i'Iamental element in the 
2. Consisting of or having many voices or 
sounds. 
The barking crow possesses the most remarkable poly- 
phonic powers. It can shriek, laugh, yell, shout, whistle, 
scream, and bark. 
3. In iHiixir: (n) Noting a method of composi- 
tion or a work in which two or more voiec-parts 
as, a 
polypi 
< polypnyUun, inany-leaieu: see polyphylloiis.] 
In 6o<., an increase in the number of members -y .,. 
or organs in a whorl, as when a normally pen- P^yP 1 ^ 6 ,' Py 'J. 
tamerouH calvx has six or more senals. as is -it'-.\ 1. Ine 
structure of a ]K>lyp, as a hydrozoan or an ac- 
tinozoan; an individual zotiid of a compound 
polyp; one of the individuals or persons which 
together fabricate and constitute a polyp-stock 
or polypary ; a hydranth. The term is sometimes 
extended^ to the corresponding elements of a polyzoarium. 
or compound polyzoan, but these are more strictly called 
See cut under Athoryltia. 
to monophyoilont and 
II. ". A polyphyodout animal. 
Saturday Rev., XXV. 469. p lypi (pol'l-pi"), H.' pi. [NL., pi. of L. polypus. 
a polyp : see polyp.] 1 . The polyps as a class or 
other high group of low invertebrate animals, 
2. A fossil poly]). 
polyplacid ipoVi-plas-id). a. [< Gr. 
many, + tVMBpef, a flat cake: see 
Haviuj: more than one madreporic plate, as a 
st;iilis]i; not nioiioplacid. Abbreviated,/). 
