Polyplacophora 
Polyplacophora (pl i-pla-kof'o-rii), . i>i. 
[NL. (J. E. Gray, 1821). n'eut. pi. at polypla- 
fojihorun: tM polgplaoopkorout,] A u order of 
isopleurous gastropods, exhibiting bilateral 
symmetry and im-tameric segmentation. The 
dorul shell li In fight successive pieces, sometimes em- 
bedded In shfll-sucs; there are numerous gill-combs and 
olfactory tracts, or ctenidla and osphradla ; paired genital 
A. Chtlott wtsntsstmkii. one of the Polyftactfhora. B the 
same, dissected : o, mouth ; g, the nervous ring ; ao, aorta : c ven- 
tricle ; r ', aa auricle ; *r, left bnnchta ; od, oviducts. 
ducts distinct from the paired nephridia; and there Is a 
well-developed odontophore with numerous lingual teeth 
on the radiila. Theorder Is conterminous with the family 
Chitonida In a broad sense. In J. K. drays chuslflca- 
Uon (1821) It was one of 9 orders of cryptobranchiate 
gastropods. The original form was Poli/plaxiphora. In 
Uray's system of the mollusks It was considered as a sub- 
order of heteroglossate scutibranchiate gastropods, and 
defined as having the gills in two lamellar series on each 
side of the hinder part of the under side of the mantle- 
edge, and the shell formed of eight imbricate valves. 
polyplacophoran (pol'i-pla-kof'o-ran), a. and 
11. Same as polyplacophore. 
polyplacophore (pol-i-plak'o-for), . and . 
; N L. polyplaeopltorus : see ]>olyplacophorous.] 
a. Bearing many plates, as a chiton ; of or 
pertaining to the Polyplacophora. 
II. n. A member of the Polyplacophora; a 
chiton, or coat-of-mail shell, 
polyplacophorous (poli-pla-kof'o-rus), a. [< 
NL. polyplacophorux, < Or. jfoAif , many, + 7r/<if 
(T/iav-), a tablet, plate, + fcpttv = E. fceayl.] 
Same as polyplacophore. 
polyplastic (pol-i-plas'tik), a. [< Gr. TTO?VC, 
many, + irtaoruMJc, plastic: see plastic.] Hav- 
ing or assuming many fonns. 
Polyplaxiphora (pol'i-plak-sif'o-rii), n. pi. 
Same as Polyplacophora. De Blainmtte. 1825, 
etc. 
polyplectron, polyplectrum (pol-i-j>lek'tron, 
-trum), H. l=F. polyplectron; < Gr. To/u-f , many, 
- "V, plectrum: see plectrum.'} 1. PI. 
4008 
(e) In Aitinlittn. having Indefinitely many foot stumps or 
parapodla; of or pertaining to the Polypoda. (d) In en- 
lorn. : (1) myrlapod ; of or pertaining to the Polyptda. (>) 
Many-footed, as the larvie of certain hexapods. 
II. H. 1. A member of the Polypoda, in any 
sense. 2. Same as polypody. 
Also polypode. 
Polypoda (po-lip'o-dft), ti.pl. [NL., neut. pi. 
of jwlypus: see polypod.] 1. In Kirby's sys- 
tem (1826), a class of insects corresponding to 
the modern class Myriapoda. 2. In Annelida, 
a large division of worms which are polypod, 
divided into Nereidina and Serpulina: distin- 
guished from Apoda. Macleay, 1840. [Little 
used.] 3. An order of cephalopods represent- 
ed by the nautiloids. See Xautilidje. [Little 
used.] 
polypode (pol'i-pod), n. [= F.polypode: see 
polypod.] Same as polypod. 
Polypodiaceae (pol-i-pd-di-a'se-e), n. pi. [NL. 
(Robert Brown, 1810), < Polypodium + -aces.] 
A natural order of ferns, named from the genus 
Polypodium. This order includes the largest number 
of genera and species, and may be regarded as the typi- 
cal order of ferns. They are usually herbaceous plants, 
with a permanent stem, which remains buried or rooted 
beneath the soil, or creeps over the stems of trees, or forms 
a scarcely moving point of growth around which new 
fronds are annually produced in a circle, or it rises Into 
the air in the form of a simple stem bearing a tuft of fronds 
at its apex, and sometimes attaining the height of 4O feet 
or more, as In the tree-ferns. The sporangia are collected 
In dots, lines, or variously shaped clusters on the back or 
margins of the frond or its divisions, and are provided 
polypragmatic 
polypoid (pol'i-poid), a. [< Gr. iro/.tvovf, polyp, 
+ f irfof, form.] Resembling a polyp or polypus ; 
polypiform or polypomorpnic. 
polypoidal (pol-i-poi'dal), a. [< polypoid + 
-<il.\ Resembling a polypus. 
Polypomedusae (pol'i-po-me-du'se), n. pi. 
[NL.,< L. polypux, polyp,' 4- SL. Medtua: see 
.Medusa, 2.] A group of epithelarian Ccelen- 
tera, consisting of the hydrozoaus and actino- 
y.oiuis, thus together distinguished from the 
ctenonhoraiiB by the possession of cnidoblasts. 
According to the presence or absence of phacell the 
PUypvtnedwat are divided into I'haceUutir and AphtuxUit 
the fonncr consisting of the Scyphometlwut and Actini- 
ana, the latter of the Uydrnmedwui alone. The polyp. >- 
medusans are simply tlie calenterates divested of the 
ctenophorans. 
polypomedU8an(pol*i-p6-me-du'sau), a. and n. 
I. a. Pertaining to the Polypomeduyg', or hav- 
ing their characters. 
II. n. A member of the Polypomednste. 
Polypomorpha (pol'i-po-mor'fft), n.pl. [NL., < 
Gr. TTo/wrot^, polyp, +' pop/,//, "form.] Polyps 
or polypiform coalenterates, a prime group or 
grade of Bydrozoa : used when the ctenophorex 
are included in that class, the two divisions 
then being Polypomorpha and Cietiophora. 
polypomorphic (pol'i-po-mor'fik), a. [< Gr. 
ffo/.D7rour, polyp, + fiop^li, form, -t- -ic.] Having 
e form or character of 
p 
the subfamily ParoHtna, haviug the tarsi witl 
with an Incomplete vertical annulus so that they dehisce 
transversely. It embraces the tribes Polypodies, Gram- 
maiidea, Pterideir, Llechnete, Atpleniex, Aipidietf, Wood 
ne. Didaoiiieae, etc. See cuts under Xothodtma anil 
Onocfeo. 
polypodiaceous (pol-i-po-di-a'shius), a. [< Po- 
lypodiuceie + -ous.] Of or pertaining to the 
Polypodiaccse. 
Polypodies (pol'i-po-dl'e-e), n. pi. [NL., < 
Polypodium + -<>.] A tribe of ferns of the 
order Polypodiaccee, embracing the genus Poly- 
podium. The sort are on the back of the frond, on the 
veins, or at the ends of the veins, in roundish clusters, and 
without indusium of any kind. 
Polypodium (pol-i-po'di-um), . [NL., < L. 
polypodium, a kind of fern : see polypody.] 
The largest and most widely distributed ge- 
nus of ferns, typi- 
cal of the suborder 
Poty/iodiaceie and 
tribe Polypodica. 
The fronds are very va- 
rious In outline, with 
the sori round, naked, 
dorsal, in one or more 
rows on each side of the 
midrib, or irregularly 
, 
scattered. About 400 
species are known, of 
which only 9 are found 
in North America, P. 
mlijart, which occurs 
also In the old World, 
being the most com- 
mon. 
. 
[NL. (Fries, 1836- 
a passage, pore.] 
The complete plant of Polypody 
I /V/>/0rfiww, vutgart}. a, pinnule 
with sori ; f\ a sporangium. 
Peacock-pheuul 
catraralum). 
two or more spurs, and the plumage more or 
less ocellated, as in the peacock ; the peacock- 
pheasants. The beat-known species la P. bitalcarah,w 
or cAtitttuu; others are P. gmnani, hetriur, Khlnrmachi, 
and Uutrtanum. More different than these are the Napo 
'''"" I' 1 " '- "I' "I Hi" \|..lll.-. .1-, /' ,,:,/:/,, I,,,, I,, n,, ,,,,./, 
mil), and the Suiuatran /'. chalcurum. Also called IMiiUc- 
tr^nu, Uflt^nn, Diplectrum. 
Polyplectroninae (pol-i-plek-tro-ni'ue), . pi. 
[NL., < I'H/I/I,I,I-IIIHI, 2, + -/Hff.J Same as Pa- 
vonin/r. 
polyplectrum. . See polyplectron. 
polypnoaa (poi-ip-ne'), . [NL., < Gr. ToAtV. 
many,+ irvoia, irwi/, breatliing,< xnn; breathe.] 
Increased frequency of respiration. 
polypod (pol'i-pod), a. and u. [< Gr. 
iiiuMy-f(i(,.(l, < ro>/r. many. + -,,; (- = . 
foot. Cf. polyp.] I. a. Having many legs, feet, 
.rms, or rays. <> I,, Cnutuixa. more than decapod; 
having more Mian ten and fewer than fifty I.-RI. Compare 
""l^.< tfVd- () In MoUwKa, more that, ootopoS; 
Jecapodordecacen.m: of nr pertainiiiL' I" tin- 
llll/ll. ntrc yn//yH"l '/. 
polypody (pol'i-po- 
di), H. [< ME. po- 
lypodi/e = F. poly- 
pmle = Sp. polipotiio 
= Pg. polypodio = 
It. poliitodio, (. It. 
polypodium. < Gr. 
m>> twooVov, a kind of 
fern, so called with 
ref. to the branch- 
ing rootstock, < jroXi'jrouf, many-footed: see 
polypodel, )wlyp.] A fern of the genus Poly- 
/lodium, chiefly /'. rulijare, the common poly- 
pody, growing commonly on rocks : in England 
locally called adder's-fern, mall- or wood-fern, 
polypody of the oak or of the wall, etc. The 
hoary polypody is P. incanum, a smaller species abound- 
ing In tropical America and reaching north to Ohio, hav- 
ing the fionds grayish scurfy beneath, growing on trees 
and roofs, also on rocks. Also polypud, polypode. 
Take the stinking oil drawn out of polypody <>/ the < 
by a retort, mixed with turpentine and hive-honey, and 
anoint your bait thm!th 
/. H'ttUim, Complete Angler, p. 128. 
PolypOgOH (pol-i-l>6'gou), H. [NL. (DtM.ni- 
tuincH. 1798), so called in allusion to the many 
long awns; < Gr. jroXi'f. much. + Trtijur, beard.] 
A genus of grasses of the tribe Aiiroxtider. and 
Mil.trilw Kiiiiiii n*t, ;r. It Is characterized by tin- n-u- 
ally dense and Hplke-llke Inflorescence, the one-flowered 
splkelets with the ] -diet -1 nc.t prolonged beyond the flow- 
er. anil tin- tbn >-awned ninnies, the flowering glume 
much the ftniHlliT, and bearing its awn li.-l.m- the apex. 
There are about 10 species, widely distributed over trm 
perate and subtropical regions, mainly annuals will. ,},- 
cninlient stems ami tl;it Imvi-s Tln-v I. i-\liiiilvlr:il 
spikes almost conceal, .1 by tb.-ir sibuMMt awns, or spl- 
cate panicles, which are larger and irregular. See beard- 
gram. 
TTo/.ra-our, polyp, + pop/ai, form, + -ic.] Having 
the form or character of a polyp; polypoid; poly- 
piform ; of or pertaining to the Poli/pomorj>Iia. 
Polypora (po-hp'o-rS), n. [NL. (McCoy, 1844), 
< Gr. KtMMqpofj with many passages or pores: 
see polyporous.] A genus of coralligenous hy- 
droxoans or ffi/droeoralliiiie, belonging to the 
family Slylasteridx. 
Polyporiaceae (pol i-po-ri-a'se-e), . pi. [NL., 
< rolyponu + -accie.] An order of hymeuo- 
mycetous fungi, typified by the genus Polypo- 
rus. 
polyporite(po-lip'o-rit),;i. [(polyporus + -ite?.} 
In ijvol., a fungus-like organism resembling Po- 
lyponis ri'rsicolor. 
polyporoid (po-lip'o-roid), . [< Pohjporns + 
-oid.] In hot., similar to, characteristic of, or 
belonging to the genus Polyporm. 
polyporous (iJO-lip'o-rus), a. [< Gr. itaJantopue, 
with many pores, < jro/tf, many, + vdpof, a pas- 
sage, pore : see ponP.] Having many pores ; 
cribrate; ethmoid; foraminulate. 
Polyporus (po-lip'o-rus), 
1838),< Qt.BtS.tif, many, + n 
A very large, widely dis- 
tributed genus of hyme- 
uomycetous fungi, typi- 
cal of the order Polypori- 
acete, having the hyme- 
iii u MI lining long, narrow, 
round, or angular tubes. 
They are very familiar objects, 
forming little shelves or brack- 
ets attached to dead or decaying 
wood, some being very small, 
others several or many inches 
in circumference. P. ifficiHaU* 
Is the white or purging agaric, 
or larch-agaric, used Internally 
to cheek sweats, sometimes u A 
purgative and emetic, and exter- 
nally as a styptic. .See agaric 
and amadou. 
polypose (pol'i-pds), a. 
[< L. itolypoftttst : see poly- 
pous.'] Same as polypous. 
Arbuthiiot, Aliments, vi. 
polypostem (pol'i-po- 
stm), . Same as polyp- 
tttem. >"K >"- 
polypostylar (pol'i-po- '' 
stilar), . [< polypostyle + -at*.] Pertaining 
to a polypostyle, or having its character, 
polypostyle (pori-po-stil), . [< Gr. wo/twroiv, 
manv-footed (see polyp), + oriAof, a pillar: see 
style".] A reduced or imperfect nutritive zoiml 
of a hydroid hydrozoan, without mouth or ten- 
tacles ; a dactylozoSid. 
polypotome (pol'i-po-tom), n. [< Gr. jro?iirowr, 
polypus, + -TO//OT, < rifivetv, ra/uiv, cut.] An 
instrument for excising a polvpus. 
polypous (|iul'i-]>iis), n. [= F. polypeux = Sp. 
pOlyotO = I'g. i>itlifiuixo= It. />((///).,, < L. poh/- 
pottug, having polypus in the nose, < potfput, 
polypus: t-i- poll/pits.] Of the nature of a poly- 
pus ; having many feet or roots, like a polypus, 
polypragmatic (pol'i-jirag-mat'ik), . and n. 
[Fonnerly pottpragmaMe; < Gr. ToXtw/xij/ujTof, 
urllif nuvil/uingl to do, meddlesome, in<|in-i- 
tivr. < n-oXif, many, + xpa)/ia, a tiling tu .I... 
affair,])!. -/i; HUTU. l.usim-s>: N) .|- /,><i,/i>iti,-.\ 
I. ,i. ()vi-rl>iisy tn- ini-dillivsiiine: forwunl ; offi- 
cious. [Bare.] 
the tubular pores ; 6, trans- 
verse section through part 
of one of the pores, show, 
ing the basidia and the hy- 
