practise 
w ho*o if to rule over bU pauluns In maturity mult be 
practised In ruling over his passions during youth. 
U. Silencer, .Social .statics, p. 206. 
So toon a> knowledge of this kind has been attained, the 
capUin practises nil company in all the phases of war. 
Fortnightly Kee., N. 8., XI.II1. 24 
7. To scheme; plot; contrive craftily or treach- 
erously. 
My uncle practises more harm to me. 
Shale., K. John, iv. 1. 20. 
What do yon read ? Is It yet worth your care, 
If not your fear, what you find practised there? 
B. Jonson, Catiline, v. 4. 
8t. To influence ; entice ; tamper with ; bribe. 
The Swltzers, being practised under hand by a great 
snmme of money, . . . did mutinously demand their pay. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 110. 
Jopractite the city Into an address to the queen. f>w(ft. 
Q\. To make; construct; build. 
A door or window go called [Venetian] from being much 
practiced at Venice, by Palladio and others. 
/'"/", Moral Essays, iv. 36, note. 
I copied an Inscription set up at the end of a great road, 
which was practised through an immense solid rock by 
bursting It asunder with gunpowder. 
Walpole, To Richard West, Nov. 11, 17S9. 
U. intram. 1. To perform certain acts re- 
peatedly or usually; exercise, train, or drill 
one's self : as, to practise upon the piano; to 
practise with the rifle. 2. To form a habit of 
action ; act or do habitually ;. hence, to behave ; 
conduct one's self. 
I send you here a bullock which I did mid amongst my 
bulls, that you may see how closely in time past the for- 
eign prelates did practise about their prey. 
/;/'. l.iitiinic. Sermons and Remains (Parker Sac.\ II. 378. 
Verily, a man knows no more rightly than Iw practises. 
Rev. S. Ward, Sermons and Treatises, p. 170. 
3. To exercise a profession ; follow a vocation. 
E'en Radcllffe's doctors travel first to France, 
Nor dare to practise till they've learned to dance. 
I'ope, I mil . of Horace, ii. 1. 184. 
4. To experiment. 
I am little Inclined to practise on others, and as little 
that others should practise on me. Sir H . Temple, Misc. 
5. To negotiate secretly; have a secret un- 
derstanding. 
Opechankanough the last yeare had practised with a K Ing 
on the Eastenie shore to furnish him with a kind of poi- 
son which onely growes in his Country, to poison vs. 
Quoted in Capt. John Smith's Works, II. 71. 
One Mr. William Vassal! had practised with such as were 
not members of our churches to take some course, . . . 
that the distinctions which were maintained here, both in 
civil and church estate, might he taken away. 
Winthrnp, Hist. New England, II. 319. 
Syph. But what 's this messenger? 
Sein. I've practiced with him, 
And found a means to let the victor know 
That Syphax and Sempronius are his friends. 
Addison, Cato, ii. 6. 
6. To use schemes or stratagems; conspire; 
plot. 
I was hated by some lewde Gunners, who, envying that 
I should haue the Title to be Master Gunner In Fraunce, 
practised against me, and gaue me poyson in drinke that 
night. K. Webtte, Travels (ed. Arber), p. 3.1. 
If he do not mightily grace himself on thee, he will 
practise against thee by poison. 
Khak., As you Like It, I. 1. lf>6. 
To whom he shows his uncle's discontent, 
And of his secret dangerous practising. 
li,i,,i,-l, Civil Wars, I. 
You have practised on her, 
Perplext her, made her half forget herself, 
Swerve from her duty to herself and us. 
Tennyson, Aylmer s Field. 
practised, practiced (prak'tist), p. a. Skilled 
through practice; expert; proficient; experi- 
enced. 
The transportation of the company was committed to 
Captalne Christopher Newport, a Marriner well practised 
for the Westcrne parts of America. 
Quoted In Capt. John Sinith'i Works, I. 150. 
A scholar and a practiced controversialist. 
Macatilay, Hist. Eng., vi. 
We know that It requires a practised and well-educated 
eye to distinguish between the capitals of the Pantheon 
of Agrippa and those last executed at llaalbec or Palmyra. 
J. Fergusson, Hist. Indian Arch., p. 177. 
- Syn Experienced, versed, accomplished, proficient. 
practiser, practicer (prak'ti-ser), . [Early 
mod. E. also jirnctyxer, pratixer; < ME. pnifti- 
sour, praktinour, < OK. praclisour, < practiwr, 
pratiser, practise: see jtractise.'] 1. One who 
practises or performs, or carries out in action 
or conduct. 
A champion roughe, and practyner 
Of vertue stralte and sounde. 
Itrant, tr. of Horace's Epistles to Mncenas. 
If we pass to the profeuors and practicen of an hiuli.T 
philosophy, the Apostles and primitive Christian* who 
ever 10 overflowed with iplritual joy as they did ? 
.SriifA, Sermons, IV. xL 
.ic.r.r, 
I therefore apprehend and do attach thee 
For an abuser of the world, a practiser 
Of arts Inhibited and out of warrant 
Shot., Othello, I. 2. 78. 
2. One who exercises a profession; a practi- 
tioner. 
And did him assaye his tmrgerye on hem that syke were, 
Til he was parnt praetisoure if any peril felle. 
Fieri Plowman (B), xvL 107. 
He was a verray parflt praktitinir. 
Chaucer, Gen. ProL to C. T., 1. 422. 
3. One who uses schemes or stratagem; one 
who plots; a conspirator. 
It Is true that Buckingham and Suffolk were Vhepractit- 
en and contrivers of the duke's death. 
Jtaleigh, Hist. World, Pref., p. xL 
Virgil, Horace, and the rest 
Of those great master-spirits did not want 
Detractors then, or practicerx against them. 
B. Jonson, Apol. to Poetaster. 
practisourt, A Middle English form of prac- 
tiser. 
practitioner (prak-tish'on-er), . [Formerly 
practitioner for 'practitioner, (. practician -r 
-er 1 (the suffix unnecessarily added, as in musi- 
cianer, etc.).] 1. Apractiser; one who acquires 
knowledge from actual practice ; one who has 
practical experience. 
He that would be a practitioner in those affaires I hope 
will allow them not only needfull but expedient. 
Capt. John Smith, Works, II. 252. 
Believe an old practitioner, whoever out of malice to a 
fellow servant carries a tale to his master shall be ruin- 
ed by a general confederacy against him. 
Sicilt, Directions to Servants in General. 
2. One who is engaged in the actual practice 
or exercise of any art or profession, as law or 
medicine. 
There are several Fictions still exercising powerful in- 
fluence on English jurisprudence which could not be dis- 
carded without a severe shock to the Ideas, and consider- 
able change in the language, of English practitioners. 
Maine, Ancient Law, p. 27. 
The surgeon who has not sufficient courage to propose 
a useful operation, and sufficient skill U> perform it, Is as 
open to censure as the reckless practitioner who is swayed 
by the unworthy lure of notoriety. 
J. M. Carnochan, Operative Surgery, Pref., p. ill. 
3t. One who uses schemes or artifices ; a plot- 
ter; a conspirator. 
There are some papistical practitioners among you. 
Ahp. 
General practitioner, one who practises liotli medicine 
and surgery. Formerly in England the general practi- 
tioner, also called twryeun apothecary or apothecary, was 
the ordinary family medical attendant, supplying drugs 
as well as advice to hia patients. He was licensed to prac- 
tise by the Apothecaries' Company (incorporated 161 7), and 
was in rank below the physician or surgeon. This dis- 
tinction is now passing away, and the word general prac- 
titioner may be applied, as in the I'nited States, to a ph\ - 
ician who practises also surgery and obstetrics. See 
pothecary. 
It was clear that Lydgate, by not dispensing drugs, in- 
ended to cast imputations on his equals, and also to ob> 
cure the limit between his own rank as a general practi- 
ioner and that of the physicians who, in the Interests of 
the profession, felt bound to maintain its various grades. 
(,...//'. H.-/, Middleman' h, II. 18. 
practivet, a. [A variant, with accom. suffix 
-ire (as in actice), of practic: see practic.] Ac- 
tive; actual. 
practivelyt, adv. Actively; actually. 
Then true religion might be sayd 
With vs In pi i MI it im : 
The preachers and the people both 
Then practieety did thriue. 
Warner, Albion's England, vlll. 30. 
prad (prad), n. [< D.paard, a horse: see pal- 
frey.] A horse. Tufts, Glossary of Thieves' 
Jargon, 1798. [Thieves' cant.] 
It would never do to go to the wars on a rickety prad. 
Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 93. 
prad-nolder(prnd'h61der), ii. A bridle. Tufix, 
Glossary of Thieves' Jargon, 1798. [Thieves' 
cant.] 
prae-. See pre-. 
praeanal, praeauditory, etc. See preanal, etc. 
praecava, precava (pre-ka'vtt), n. [NL., < L. 
l>ree, before, + (rena) cara.~] The vena cava 
superior of man and the corresponding vein of 
other animals ; the anterior caval vein. 
praecaval, '(. and u. See pn-mral. 
prascinctio ( i>r(>-singk'ti-6), n. ; pi. i>necinetiinirx 
(pre-singk-ti-o'nez). [L.: see ;>/< /"?/.] In 
the ancient Homan theater, a passage running 
parallel to the seats : equivalent to iliazoma in 
tin- Greek theater. See cut under ilia:innn. 
praecipe, Src /)/.,;/. 
Praecocest (pre'ko-sr-/), . pi. [NL., pi. of L. 
/I/VITKJ-, /ii-;i'i'iii/iiis. i>r;i'nn/iinx, ]iri<in:iture, pre- 
I'Mciiiiis: si ! /n'd'iKv'.] I'recocial birds; iiisi>iin> 
systems, as Bonaparte's, a prime division of the 
clatw .Ir/x, ini-luding those liirds whose 
praemunire 
are able to run about and feed themselves as 
soon as they are hatched: opposed to Altrices, 
iiinl synonymous with GraltatoreK in one sense. 
Gallinaceoua'birds, all the wading birds except the herons 
and their allies, and the duck tribe are Frtecoces. Also 
called Datypafdet and Itttoptfde*. Also Precoces. 
praecocial, a. See nrecocial. 
praecognitum (pre-kog'ni-tum), n. ; pi. prrcog- 
nita (-tS). [Nli., < L. priecognitus, pp. of pree- 
cngnoscere, foreknow, foresee: see preciM/ni- 
tion.] Something a knowledge of which pre- 
cedes or must precede the understanding of 
something else. 
praeconize, praecoracoid, etc. See preco*i:t, 
etc. 
praecordia, precordia (pre-kor'di-ft), . [= It. 
precortiio, < L. prxcordia, neut. pi., the midriff. 
the stomach, also the breast or heart, < prep, 
before, + cor(d-), the heart.] Same zsprecor- 
<linl region (which see, under precordial). 
praecornu (pre-k6r'nu), . ; pi. preecortiua (-nu- 
a). [NL. (Wilder), < L. prie, before, + cornu 
= E. /ior.] The anterior horn of the lateral 
ventricle of the brain ; the forward part of the 
cerebral procoelia. 
praecuneal, a. See precuneal. 
praecuneus, precuneus (pre-ku'ne-us), n. ; pi. 
preecunei, precuiiei (-i). [< L. prte, before, + 
cuneus, wedge : see cunu.] The quadrate lob- 
ule, on the median surface of the cerebral hemi- 
sphere, just in front of the cuueus. Its anterior 
boundary is marked by the upturned end of the 
callosomarginal sulcus. See cute under cere- 
bral and corpus. 
praedelineation, . See pretlclineation. 
praedial, . See predial. 
Fraedones (pre-do'nez), n. pi. [NL. (Latreille, 
1807), < L. jiriedn, one that makes booty, < 
preeda, booty, prey : see prey?.] A subsection 
of aculeate hymenopterous insects, proposed 
by Latreille and adopted by Westwood, in- 
cluding the families Cralrronidee, Larridte, Bem- 
Ix'Cidx, Kplicgulse, Scoliidir, Afutillidee, t'ormicidtp 
(in the broad sense), and J'eitjridee. In Hartlg's 
arrangement, now in vogue, the Preedunes would corre- 
spond to the three series Hctertiyyna, Fossores, and Diplop- 
terygia. 
praeesophageal, a. See prcegophaaeal. 
praefatio (pre-fa'shi-6), w. [ML. , < L. prtefatio, 
iireface: see preface,} In the celebration of 
high mass in the Roman Catholic C'hurch, a 
prayer which immediately precedes the Sanc- 
tus. On ferial days it is recited; on Sundays 
and festival days it is sung. 
praefect, praefloration, etc. See prefect, etc. 
praelabrum (pre-la'bmm), . ; pi. prttlabra 
(-brft). [NL., < L. prft, licfore, + labruni, lip.] 
In riitom., the clypeus or epistoma. 
praelect, praelection. etc. See prelect, etc. 
praemaxilla (pre-mak-Ril'S), n.; pi. jrrtmuurillie 
(-e). Same as jiremaxillary. 
prsemaxillary, . and . See premarillary. 
praemetial (pre-me'shi-al), a. [< li.jirienietium, 
the offering of the first fruits measured out 
beforehand for Ceres, < prie, before, + metiri, 
measure: see mete 1 .'] -Of or pertaining to the 
first fruits. 
If we should not, therefore, freely offer to your Majesty 
some pntmctial handfuls of that crop whereof you may 
challenge the whole harvest, how could we be but shame- 
lessly unthankful? Bp. UaU, Ded. to K. Junes. (Danef.) 
praemolar, ". and n. See pre molar. 
praemonisht, ' An obsolete form of premonixh. 
Prasmonstratensian, a. and . See Premon- 
.itratenxian . 
Praemunientes (pre-mn-ni-en'tez), w. [< ML. 
prtemumentes, pi. ofprsn>tunien(t-)n, ppr. of prte- 
tnunire, for L. preniionrre, forewarn, admonish: 
see pnemiiiiire.'] In Eng. lav, the summons 
addressed to the bishops or archbishops ad- 
monishing them to cause the ecclesiastics to 
convene whose attendance was required in I'nr- 
liament: so called from the characteristic word 
used in the introduction of the writ Premu- 
nientes writ. Hame as Prirmunientet. 
As the part of the writ described as the Pnrmunifntes 
Writ was not disused, and the Clergy are still nummoned 
to attend Convocation by what may be termed the I'arlla- 
mentary form. It Is contended that Convocation must owe 
its origin to the time when that form wan first adopted. 
Quarterly Avr, CXL\ I. 140. 
praemunire, premunire (pre-mu-ni're), . 
called from the first word of the writ, wl 
began "I'riemiiniri facias . . . ," etc., 'cause A. 
B. to be forewarned that he appear before us,' 
etc.; jMVPMiMiiiribeiiiK |>:i.-s. nf MI-. j>rn i>mniri; 
a corruption (l>y i-unl'iision with I., /'/vi nnniirr, 
fortify. protiM-t: MM' /nv munition i of L. jirn-nin- 
iii n. fori'wani. niliiiii>ii>li : ><< i>rr>u<>nixti.\ 1. 
In Emj. Inir, a Kjwrifs of writ. r tin- nffenst- 
