premium 
3. In iiuitranrf, the amount paid or agreed to be 
paid in one sum or periodically to insurers as the 
consideration for a contract of insurance. See 
insurance, '2, 4. In banking and currency, the 
difference by which the value of one metallic 
currency exceeds that of another of the same 
denomination, or by which a metallic curren- 
cy exceeds a paper currency of the same de- 
nomination in the same country; agio: the 
opposite of discount, or dinugio, which is the 
amount by which the value of one currency 
has depreciated when compared with another. 
Thus, during the civil war In the 1'nlted State*, when 
3125 In paper currency was demanded for #100 In gold, 
the gold dollar was said to ho at a premium of 25, as com- 
pared with paper, but It might more correctly be said thiit 
paper was at a discount of 20 per cent, as compared with 
gold. 
5. In stock-brukimj, etc., the percentage of dif- 
ference by which the market price of shares, 
stocks, bonds, etc., exceeds their face-value or 
the sum originally paid for them: thus, when 
stock originally issued at 100 per share sells 
at $140 per share, it is said to be at a premium 
of 40 per cent. At a premium, above par ; at a high- 
er price than the original rout or normal value; hence, 
di Mii-iilt to obtain ; rare and valuable. Premium note, 
a note given In place of payment of the whole or part of 
an Insurance premium. 
Premna (prem'nii), . (XL. (Linnwus, 1707), 
so called in allusion to the short stem or low 
tree-trunk; < (ir. jr/tfuitiv, a stump.] A genus 
of gamopetalous shrubs and trees of the order 
PorQMOGMI and tribe Vitifeep. It Is characterized 
by the four dldynamous stamens Included within the short, 
small, and nearly equally four-lobed corolla, and by the sin- 
gle four-celled drupe. There are about 42 s|>ccicH, natives 
of warm regions of theOld World. They bear opposite en- 
tire or toothed leaves and rather loose cymes of white or 
bluish flowers. In panicles or corymbs, or condensed into 
an elongated pyramidal inflorescence. /'. Taite.ntu of the 
Fiji Islands, etc., there called tiara, alfonls wood for build- 
Ing, and Its baik enters into the drug tunga. See head- 
ache-trfe and toivja. 
premolar (pre-md'l&r), . and w. [Also prir- 
molar; < L. prie, before, + niolaris, molar: see 
motor). ] I. a. Anterior in position, and prior 
in time, to a molar, as a tooth; situated in ad- 
vance of moliirs; deciduous, as a molar; per- 
taining in any way to premolars : as, a premolar 
tooth ; premolar dentition ; theprcmolar part of 
a maxillary bone. 
II. n. A milk-molar; a molar of the decidu- 
ous dentition ; a tooth which in the permanent 
dentition replaces a milk-molar. Such teeth oc- 
cur as a rale In mammals which have a dlphyodont denti- 
tion. All the molarsor grinders of the first set are techni- 
cally premolars, and all those which succeed and replace 
them in the second set are also premolars, whatever their 
size, form, or number. They are usually smaller than true 
molars, and also less complicated in structure ; but such 
distinctions do not hold in every case. Premolars are de- 
veloped In an anterior part of the maxillary bone, and, when 
they coexist with true molars, are always situated in front of 
the latter. The first, foremost, or most anterior premolar 
la often specialized, and is then known as the catune. Ex- 
cepting this tooth, the typical though not the most fre- 
quent number of premolars is three alM>vc and below on 
each side ; there are rarely more than three, ofteneat two, 
u In man ; sometimes one or none, as in rodent*. The 
two premolars of man are commonly called trimtpidt. In 
dental foruiulic the symbol of premolar is pm or p. The 
2 2 
premolar formula of man U pm. j^v 
premonarchlcal (pre-mo-nar'ki-kal), a. [< pre- 
+ monarrhital .] Prior to monarchy; before 
adopting the monarchical form of government. 
Premotumhical Israel Is represented as a hlerocracy, and 
Samuel as Its head. Btuyc. Brit., XIII. 403. 
premonish (pre-mon'ish), r. [Formerly also 
preemoiiixh ; < L. prsemonitn/t, pp. of priemonerc 
(> Pg.premunir), forward, <prie, before, + 1110- 
nere, remind, advise, warn: see monish. Cf. 
jtrtemiinire.] I. tram. To forewarn; caution 
beforehand; notify previously. 
Man cannot brook poor friends. This Inconstant char- 
ity Is hateful, as our English phrase jnvmoniiArtA : " Love 
me little, and love me long." 
llrr. T. Adamt, Works, II. 41s. 
We enter'd by the drawbridg. which has an invention 
to let one fall, if not prirmonMcd. 
Kvelytt. Diary, May 2, 1644. 
II. intraus. To give warning or advice be- 
forehand; forebode. 
Your lordship doth very seasonably premonith. 
Chapman and Shirley, Admiral of France, T. 
My love is virtuous; were it otherwise, 
I should elect, as you premnnah, youth 
And prodigal blood. Shirley, Love Tricks, U. 2. 
premonishment (pre-mon'ish-meut), n. [< prt- 
miinish + -meat.] The act of premonishinir: 
piwious warning or admonition ; previous in- 
formation. [Ran-. ] 
After these vrrmonithmentt, I will come to the compar- 
tition Itself. Sir H. Wotton, Reliquiss, L 40. 
BO 
4693 
premonition (pre-mo-nish'on), u. [< OF. pre- 
monition, premonition = lt.~premonisioHe, < LL. 
preeiiionitio(ii-), a forewarning, < L. prxmonere, 
forewarn: seej>rewoiA.] 'Iheactof premon- 
ishing or forewarning ; hence, a previous warn- 
ing or notification of subsequent events ; pre- 
vious inform:)! ion. 
.Such as haue not premonition hereof, and consideration 
of the causes alledged, would peraduenture reproue and 
disgrace enery Romanceor short historicall ditty, for that 
they be not written In long meeters or verses. 
1'utteiihain, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 34. 
(tod hath sent all his servants, the prophets, and so done 
all that Is necessary for preuwnitiuti. Lkjnite, Sermons, vl. 
premonitive (pre-mon'i-tiv), . [< L. priemoiii- 
tiiy, pp. of onmOMTV, forewarn (see premoniuli), 
+ -ire.] Premonitory. Imp. IHct. 
premonitor (pre-mon 'i-tor), . [< LL. prxmoni- 
tor, a forewarner,< L. priemonere, forewarn : see 
prcmimish.] One who forewarns; a premoni- 
tory messenger or token. 
Some such like uncouth premonitort . . . God sends 
purposely to awaken our security. 
/;/.. Hall, Soliloquies, Ixxlx. 
premonitorily (pre-mon'i-to-ri-li), ailr. By way 
of premonition. 
premonitory (pre-mon'i-to-ri), a. [= F. pre- 
mnnitoirc, <LL. prsemoitttoriiu, that gives previ- 
ous warning (see premonitor), < L. prvmonerr, 
forewarn : seepremonish.] Giving premonition ; 
serving to warn or notify beforehand. 
In prrmniiitnry judgement* God will take good words 
and sincere intents ; but in peremptory, nothing but reall 
performances. X. Ward, Simple I'obler, p. 4<J. 
All the signs and silences 
Premonitory of earthquake. 
llrou-ninij. King and Book, I. 102. 
Premonstrant (prfi-mon'strant), . [An ac- 
com. form (as if < lj, preemonstran(t-)8, ppr. of 
pnemonxtrarc, show beforehand, guide : scey>r< - 
mOHxtrate) of F. Premontrfg, pi. (ft. Sp. 1're- 
inoHstratense, Premoetratense = I'g. Premongtra- 
teiiKf = It. Premottratese (f), < ML. Proaoiufra- 
tfnxi.i, a Premonstrant ),< PremoHtre, near Laon, 
in France, where the order was founded (see 
dcf.). The name 1'ri-moutrf is variously ex- 
plained as orig. iirf motitre, < L. pratiini mon- 
Htrtitiuii, a meadow pointed out (sc. to the 
founder in a dream); or prfa uiontrr, pointed 
out close at hand (/>/<.<, near, close at hand); 
or < L. pr&moiiNtratutt, pointed out beforehand: 
see premonxtrtttc.] A member of a liomnn 
Catholic religious order comprising monks and 
nuns, founded by St. Norbert at Premontr/- 
near Laon, in France, 1119. The order was once 
very flourishing, but now numbers only a few houses, 
principally In the Austrian empire. The Prrmonstnints 
were also called Xurbrrtiitrt, anil In England While Canon* 
(from their garb). Also Premoiutrateiuian. 
premonstratet (pre-iuon'strat), c. t. K L. prtr- 
mniiatratun, pp. of prtemonntrare (> It. prcmo- 
strare), show beforehand, guide: see Premon- 
strant.] To foreshow; represent beforehand. 
This (text. I.uke xll. 20] Is the covetous man's scripture ; 
and Ix'ih (like an unflattering glass) prcse)its his present 
condition, what he is, and (like a fatal book) premoiutratet 
his future state, what he shall be. 
Ret. T. Adamt, Works, II. 123. 
Premonstratensian (pre-mon-stra-ten'si-an), 
a. and H. [Also Priemoiistratensian ; < ML. 
Prcmonstratensix, a Premonstrant : see Premon- 
strant.] I. a. Of or relating to the Premon- 
strauts: as, the PrcmonstrattnsuinoTAer. 
The rnrmntatrateruian Priory of Langdon. 
K. W. Dixnn, Hist Church of Eng., T. 
H. H. Same as Prtmonstrant. 
A procession of monks, Carmelites, Benedictines, Prr- 
mmutnUeneiaiu. The American, VIII. 240. 
premonstrationt (pre-mon-stra'shon), n. [= 
It. prcrnoxtraaonc, < LL. prmotistratio(H-), a 
showing beforehand: see premonstrate.] The 
act of premonstrating or foreshowing; indica- 
tion or revelation of future events. 
If such demonstration was made for the beginning, then 
the like pntiwiutratien is to be looked for in the fulfilling. 
She4ford, Learned Discourses, p. 323. 
premonstratort (pre-mon'stra-tor). n. [< L. 
pnemonntrator, one who points out beforehand, 
agnide: see prrnionxtrute.] One who or that 
which premonstrates, or shows beforehand. 
Imp. IHct. 
premorse (pre-m6rs'), a. [< L. pnemorstm, pp. 
of pra-morili IT, bite in front or at the end, < 
prae. before. + mordere, bite: see mordant.] 1. 
Bitten off. 2. In lot. and > iitnin., having the 
apex irregularly tnmrate, as if bitten or broken: 
as, a i'1-i )nnr-> -leaf or root; prrmorse elytra : etc. 
Premosaic (pre-mo-za'ik), a. [< pre- + Mosaic.'] 
Previous to the time of Moses; relating to times 
prenatal 
previous to the life and writings of Moses: ax, 
Premoxaie history. 
promotion (I're-mo'shon), H. [< V.prrmotion = 
Hp. premoeion = Pg. premo^So, < ML. 'prtemo- 
tio(n-), < L. prftuorerc, pp. prtpmotug, move be- 
forehand: see premoce.] Previous motion or 
excitement to action. 
It followeth . . . that no words or writings are of cer- 
tain truth upon any account of God's Inspiration or pnmo- 
(ton, because God not only can, but doth, cause all the un- 
truths that are spoken or written In the world : therefore 
no faith In God's revelation hath any sure foundation, . . . 
and so all religion Is dashed out at a stroke. 
Baxter, Divine Life, I. 10. 
Many Jesuit writers of note differ from Molina in almost 
all, save the one essential point of making the human will 
"a faculty that, even when all conditions of activity are 
present, is free either to act as It chooses or not to act at 
all." Bat this thesis Is nothing more than the mere de- 
nial of "physical promotion." Mind, XII. 266. 
premove (pre-moV), r. t. ; pret. and pp. pre- 
morrd, pfT.premonnii. [< LL./ira'iMorm', move 
beforehand, stir up, < L. ;>!*, before, + movere, 
move : see Mioir.] To incite or excite ; effect by 
premotion. 
It followeth that we have no certainty when God pn- 
mitreth an apostle or prophet to speak true, and when to 
speak falsely. Baiter, Divine Life, 1. ID. 
premultiply (pre-mul'ti-pli), r. t. ; pret. and 
pp. preiHultiplied, ppr. prt-muttiplyiuy. [< pre- 
+ multiply.] To multiply by an operative fac- 
tor written before the factor operated on. 
premunire, . and r. See prxmunire. 
premunitet (pre-mu-nit'), r. t. [< L. pneniuni- 
tiin, pp. of prsemunire, priei<rnire ("> It. prrmu- 
nire = F. prdniunir), fortify or defend in front, 
< prte. before, + nninire, ma-iiire, defend with a 
wall, fortify: see munition.] To fortify before- 
hand; guard or make secure in advance. 
For the better removing of the exception, which might 
minister any scruple, Ac.. I thought good to premunite 
the succeeding treatise with thiu preface. 
Futhertiy, Atheoinastix, I'rcf. (Latham.) 
premunition (pre-mn-nish'on), 11. [= F. pre- 
inunitioii, < L. pnriiiuiiitio(ii-), a fortifying or 
strengthening beforehand, < preemuntre, pp. 
preeniunitux, fortify or defend in front or in ad- 
vance: see /IITIII ii !/<.] The act of fortifying 
or guarding beforehand; a measure taken in 
advance to secure immunity from peril or ob- 
jection. 
No: let me tell thee. prevision Is the best prevention, 
and premonition the best premunition. 
Jtei: S. H'arJ, Sermons, p. 53. 
premonitory (pre-mu'ni-to-ri), a. [Also prie- 
iininiturij : \ prrmuititn + -cry.] Belonging or 
relating to a pnemnnire. 
The clergy were summoned by the premonitory clause. 
//../'/, Ili-t. of Convocation, p. 402. (Latham.) 
premyet, [< L- vnrmium, reward, recom- 
pense: see premium.] A gift. 
The cytle of London through his mere grannt and premye 
Was first prlvyleged to have both maycr and shryve, 
Where before hys tyn>e It had but baylyves only. 
Bale, Kynge Johan, p. 85. (UaUiveU.) 
Prenantb.es (pre-nan'thez), n. [NL. (Vail- 
lant, 1737), so called in allusion to the nodding 
flower-heads; < Gr. xpqviK, with the face down- 
ward, + AfOof, flower.] A genus of composite 
plants of the tribe Ciclioriacrte and subtribe 
iMctucete. It Is characterized by nearly cylindrical or 
slightly compressed three- to five-angled achenes without 
beaks or ribs, and loosely panicled, nodding heads of ligu- 
late flowers, with a peculiar cylindrical and slender involu- 
cre, having a few short bracts at its base, and mainly com- 
posed of from five to fourteen long and equal soft Dracts 
In a single row, unchanged after blossoming. There are 
21) species, natives of southern Europe, the Canary Islands, 
the East Indies, Japan, and North America. They are 
smooth and erect herbs, often tall and wand-like, or climb- 
ing (in a Himalayan species), with commonly whitish or 
yellowish flowers and copious pappus a few American 
species being exceptional In their rough hairy inflores- 
cence, or erect flowers. The leaves are alternate, and 
often of very peculiar shapes arrow, or halberd-shaped, 
lyrate, or Irregularly lobed, sometimes with great variation 
on the same plant. Three closely connected American spe- 
cies, P. alba, P. terpentaria, and /'. altimma, are variously 
called trhite lettuce, Kan't-foot, rattlemate-ront, and yaU-nf. 
thr-earth mw, P. trrpentaria, being locally reputed a 
cure for rattlesnake- bites. See cancer-teeed, and cut under 
rattlemaln-roaL 
prenasal (pre-na'zal), a. [< L. prte, before, + 
jiig, nose: see nasal.] Anterior with refer- 
ence to the nose, nostrils, or nasal passages: 
as, the fin iinxiil spine of the maxillary bone; a 
/a-' ini/Hil or rostral cartilage. 
prenatal (pre-na'tal), a. [< pre- + MtoP.] 
Previous to birth ; of or pertaining to existence 
previous to birth. 
Plato assumed a prenatal, Malebranche a present Intui- 
tion of the divine Being, as the source of the pure notions 
and principles of the understanding. 
E. Caird, Philos. of Kant, p. 185. 
