primeval 
primeval (pri-me'val), a. 
((for belonging to the first 
4726 
[< nrimrr-mt* + -al.~] priming-machine (pii'miiiK-ma-shen'), n. A 
ages; original; pri- machine for putting fulminate into percussion- 
.Im,lldty of m. 
caps. 
priming-powder (pri'raing-pou'der), . 1 . Det- 
Oolatmith, Vicar, Iv. onating powder. 2. The train of powder cou- 
Krom Chaos and primeval Darkness came necting a fuse with a charge. 
Ught. Keati, Hyperion. (Latham.) priming-tube (pri miug-tub), . In gun., game 
This Is the forest primeval. Longfellow, Evangeline. as friction-tube. 
priining-wire (pri'ming-wir), w. See priming- 
iron. 
priminvariant (prim-in-va'ri-ant), n. A fun- 
damental asyzygetic invariant, 
primipara (pri-mip'a-rii), n. ; 
(-re). [L. : see primipttrous.'] 
In a primeval 
= 8yn. Primitive, etc. See primary. 
primevally (pri-me'val-i), adv. 
manner; in the earliest times, 
primevous (pri-me'vus), a. [< L. primeevus, in 
the first or earliest period of life, < primus, 
first, + xvum, time, age : see prime and age."] 
Primeval. 
pi. primiparee 
A woman who 
. . 
bears a child for the first time : correlated with 
nultipara, multipara. 
"-mi-par'i-ti), n. [< primipara 
primi,"- Plural of primus. 
Primianist(prim'i-aii-ist),H. [<Primianus (see primiparity (pri . ... 
def.) + -is*.] One'of the followers of Primi- + -i(y.] The state of being a priraipara. 
anus, who became Donatist bishop of Carthage, primiparous (pri-mip'a-rus), a. [< L. prinn- 
A. D. 392. An opposite party among the Dona- para, one that has brought forth for the first 
tists were called Mazimianists. time,< primus, first, + parere, bring forth, bear.] 
primigenal (pri-mij'e-nal), a. [Also erroneous- Bearing a child for the first time. 
\\primogenial; < primigen-um + -al.] Pertain- primipilar (pri-mi-pi'lar), a. [<~L.priiipilaiis, 
ing to the Regnum primigenum. Hogg, 1830. pertaining to the first maniple of the triarii, < 
eenial (pri-mi-ie'ni-al), a. [< L. primige- primipilus, the chief centurion of the triarii, 
< primus, first, + pilus, the body of the tria- 
rii, < pilum, a heavy javelin : see pile*.] Per- 
taining to the fii-st, maniple of the body of vet- 
erans (triarii) which formed a regular part of a 
Roman legion. 
primitively 
they were embedded that their determination 
was a matter of doubt. Many of the rocks formerly 
called primitive are now known to be more or less thor- 
oughly metamorphosed Paleozoic straU, and in the pro- 
gnu of geological investigation they have been referred 
to their place inthe serlesof stratified formations. Other 
so-called primitive rocks belong to the azoic or arcluean se- 
ries (as this latter U:i in was and still Is used by Liana) that 
Is they unmistakably underlie uuconformably the oldest 
known fossiliferous strata. These azoic rocks are made up 
in part of eruptive masses, and In part of highly metamor- 
phosed sedimentary deposits which, so far M can be deter- 
mined from existing evidence, were deposited before the 
appearance of lifeon the earth. As there ismuch primitive 
rock of which the geological age has not as yet been flicd, 
it has been found convenient to designate this simply as 
cryttattint or metamorphic ; such rocks are, however, of tei 
called archeran; but this cannot be properly done until 
their infra-Silurian position has been established by obser- 
vation. 
These remarkable formations [granite, granitic schist, 
roofing-slate, etc. ) have been called primifitv, from their 
having l>ecn supposed to constitute the mostanclent min- 
eral 
ori 
primigenial _ 
niits, first of its kind, primitive (see pnmigem- 
otts), + -al.] 1 . First-born ; original ; primary. 
Also primogenial. 
They recover themselves again to their condition of pri- 
migental innocence. GlanciUe, Pre-existence of Souls, xiv. 
2. Specifically applied to several animals of a 
primitive or early type after their kind, or to 
such a primitive type: as, the primigenial ele- 
phant (Elepltas primigenius). 
The primigenial elephant and rhinoceros. 
Owen, Anal., 360. 
primigenious (pri-mi-je'ni-us), . [< L. primi- 
genius, first produced, primitive, < primus, first, 
+ genere, gignere, beget, + -al.] First formed 
or generated ; original. 
Rutlmeyer believes that these niatas cattle belong to 
the primiyeniout type. 
Varicin, Var. of Animals and Plants, iii. 
primigenous (pri-mij'e-nus), . [< L. primige- 
uus, first produced, primitive, < primus, first, + 
genere, gignere, beget, produce.] Same as pri- 
migeiiioiiK. 
Primigenum (pri-mij'e-num), n. NL., neut. 
It may be reasonable to allow St. Peter a primacy of 
order, such a one us the ringleader hath in a dance, as the 
primipilar centurion had in the legion. 
Barrow, Works, VII. 70. 
primitive (pri-mish'i-e), 
[L. (> F. premi- 
, n.pl. ^ 
ccs, > E. premices), the first things of their 
kind, first-fruits, <primus, first: seeprime.] 1. 
The first-fruits of any production of the earth ; 
specifically (coc/cs.), the first-fruits of an ec- 
clesiastical benefice, payable to the Pope, the 
church, or other ecclesiastical authority: same 
as annats. See annat, 1. 2. In obstet., the 
waters discharged before the extrusion of the 
fetus. 
-mish'al),. [< primitia + -al.] 
the first production; primitive; 
original. 2. Pertaining to the primitiw. 
rimitive (prim'i-tiv), . and w. [< F. primi- 
Pg. It. primitivo, < L. primitivus, first 
. * "O** , ' , .- ... . Elf S Oil. tic. 11. IHltHttKff, \ i-t. t'l I Illtl fv ">, **ow 
of L primigcm,*, nrst produced, prim, . ive , on- O ? earl f^ to 1:it 8 ]flnd,<j)ritiw, first: seeprimc.] 
gmal: see pnmtgeuums.] Hogg s name (lodu; , i___i_-ii__i :_..: ::. 
of a kingdom of nature, more fully called llcy- 
num primigenum, the primigeual kingdom, com- 
posed of the same author's Proloetixtti, and 
pose<_ _. 
corresponding to the Primalia of Wilson and 
Cassin, or the Protista of Haeckel. 
primigravida (pri-mi-grav'i-da), .; pi. primi- 
graviila (-de). [NL., < L. primus, first, + gravi- 
'dus, pregnant: see gravid.] A woman pregnant 
for the first time, 
priminary, See priminery. 
primine (pri'miu), . [< L. primus, first (see 
prime), + -iiie 2 .] In bot., the outer integument 
of an ovule when two are present, contrasted 
with the inner, or secundine. But since the Inner 
coat appears first, this has by some authors been called 
priminf, and the outer aecundine. See oiiite, 2. 
priminery, priminary (pri-min'e-ri, -a-ri), .; 
pl . )iriminerie.t, ]>riminaries (-riz). A difficulty ; 
predicament. [Prov. Eng. and U. S.] 
priming (pri'ming), . [Verbal n. of prime, 
t:] 1. In gun. and blasting, the act of applying 
the powder, percussion-cap, or other material style of dress. 
used to ignite the charge ; hence, the powder 
or cap itself. 
The one that escaped Informed us that his and his com- 
panions' guns would not go off, the priming being wet 
with the rain. franUin, Autubiog., p. 233. 
2. Figuratively, anything as small relatively 
1. a. 1. Pertaining to the beginning or origin; 
original ; especially, having something else of 
the same kind derived from it, but not itself 
derived from anything of the same kind; first: 
as, the primitive church; fae primitive speech. 
Stir. Did Adam write, sir, in High Dutch? 
Ham. He did; 
Which proves it was the primitiee tongue. 
B. Jonton, Alchemist, ii. 1. 
Things translated into another Tongue lose of their 
primitive Vigour and Strength. Uoteell, Letters, 1L 47. 
The power of thy grace is not past away with the primi 
tice times, as fond and fiiithlesse men Imagine. 
Milton, On Def. of llmnb. Remonst. 
The settlers (in America) were driven to cast off many 
of the improvements or corruptions, as we may choose to 
call them, which had overshadowed the elder institutions 
of the mother-country, and largely to fall back on the prim- 
itive fiimi of those institutions. 
E. A. Freeman, Amur. LecUk, p. 178. 
2. Characterized by the simplicity of old times ; 
old-fashioned ; plain or rude : as, a primitive 
I should starve at their primitive banquet 
I.nmb, Imperfect Sympathies. 
3. In gram., noting a word as related to another 
that is derived from it; noting that word from 
which a derivative is made, whether itself de- 
hing as small relatively mong trably derivative or not. 4. In biol.: (a) 
to something else as the gun-pruning is rela- rudimentary; inceptive; primordial; begin- 
. b0d*_A_*.Mi acquire recognizable 
tively to the charge: as, his crop isn't a priming 
to mine. [Western U. S.] 3. In painting, the 
first layer of paint, size, or other material given 
to any surface as a ground. It may be of oil-color. 
Mid Is then non-absorbent, or of chalk or plaster mixed 
with animal glue, and Is then absorbent. 
4. Iii steam-engines: (a) Hot water carried 
along by the steam from the boiler into the 
cylinder, (b) The carrying of such water from 
the boiler into the cylinder.- priming of the 
tides. See lagging of the ado, under layjinff. 
priming-horn (pri'ming-hdrn), M. A miner's 
or quarrymuu's powder-horn. 
priming-iron (pri'ming^I'toOi . lu gun., a 
pointed wire usi-il through the vent of a cannon 
to prick the cartridge when it is home, ami 
al productions of the globe, and from a notion that they 
iginated before the earth was inhabited by living beings, 
and while yet the planet was in a nascent state. 
Sir C. Lyttt, Prin. of OeoL (4th ed., 1836), III. 33. 
Primitive aorta. See aorto. Primitive axes of co- 
ordinates, that system of axes to which the points of a 
magnitude are first referred with reference to a second set, 
to which they are afterward referred. Primitive carot- 
id artery the common carotid artery. Primitive cere- 
bral cleft. See deft\. Primitive chord, in music, a 
chord in iU original position that is, with iU root In the 
lowest voice-part. Primitive circle, In the stercographlc 
projection of the sphere, the circleon the plane of which 
the projection is made. Primitive colors, i" painting, 
red, yellow, and blue: so called because it was erroneously 
believed that from mixtures of these all other colors could 
be obtained. In regard to mixtures of pigments, this very 
rudely approximates to the truth ; in regard to true mix- 
tures of colors, It Is strikingly false. See color. Primi- 
tive contravarlant, dislocation, equation. See the 
nouns. Primitive curve, surface, etc., that from which 
another is derived.- Primitive fathers. See Jathert <if 
the church, under father. Primitive fibrillJe, the ex- 
tremely flue filaments, of which the axis-cylinder of a 
nerve-filler is composed. Also called nrr<x-/ibrilt, yramt- 
lar fibril*.- Primitive flre. See /irr- Primitive form, 
in the theory of numbers, a form which is not equivalent 
to another form with smaller coefficient*. Thus, the form 
*2 - ixy + 22, 
by means of the transformation 
z= t -3, 
V = 4 - &1 
(the determinant of which is unity), Is shown to be equiva- 
lent to 
{2-2f,|->|2, 
and thislatter is evidently primitive. Primitive groove, 
the first furrow which nppears along the midline of the 
back of a vertebrate embryo, in the site of the future 
ccrcbrosplnal axis. It is the very earliest characteristic 
mark or formation of a vertebrate, caused by a sinking 
in of a line of cells of the ectoblast, and a rising up of other 
cells of the same blastodermic layer to form right and left 
ridges or lips of the groove, which lips soon grow together 
and thus convert the groove Into a tube, within which 
the ccrebrosplnal axis Is developed. Also called primi- 
live furrow, streak, and trace. Primitive group. See 
ffiWpi. Primitive Methodist Connection, a Wes- 
leyan denomination founded In 1810 by Huph Bourne. 
In doctrine It is in substantial accord with other Metho- 
dist i-hurches; in polity it Is substantially Presbyterian. 
It is found principally in England, the British colonies, 
and the fulled States, and numbers about 185,000 mem- 
bers. Primitive Nth root of unity, an imaginary 
root of unity which is not a root of unity of a lower or- 
der than AT. Primitive plane, In spherical projection, 
the plane upon which the projections are made, generally 
coinciding with some principal circle of the sphere. 
Primitive radii. Same as proportional radii (which see, 
under ra<liu*\- Primitive root of a prime number /, 
a number whose pth power diminished by unity is the 
lowest power of It divisible by p. Primitive root of the 
binomial congruence appertaining to the exponent 
TO, a number which satisfies thc congruence x I (mod p) 
and no similar congruence of lower degree. Primitive 
Sheath, the membranous sheath of neurokeratln lying In 
nmlullaUid nerve-fibers outside of the white substance 
of Schwann. Also called rhealh of Sehwann, and tiin'- 
lemma. = Syn. 1 and 2. Prutine, etc. See primary. 
II. n. 1. An original or primary word; a 
word from which another is derived: opposed 
to derivative. ty. An early Christian. 
The zeal of the present age Is stark cold, If compared 
to the fervours of the apostles and other holy primitive!. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 183.H I. (86. 
3. In math., a geometrical or algebraic form 
from which another is derived, especially an 
algebraic expression of which another is the 
derivative; an equation which satisfies a dif- 
ferential equation, or equation of differences, of 
which it is said) n l>r Hi* primitive (U it has the 
requisite number of arbitrary constants to form 
the solution of the different il equation, it is 
i-nllcd the cnii/i'li li in-imitii-i : see rnnijili-lf); a 
after discharge to ext inguisli any ignited par- the fossils (where these had once been present) 
ti<-le. rEnir.l In the United States service either entire! v obliterated or rendered so indiK- 
tieles. [EngT] In the United States service 
called primiiig-trirr. 
ning to talte form or 
existence: applicable to any part, organ, or 
structure in the first or a very early stage of 
its formation: as, the primitive cerebral vesi- 
cles (the rudiment of the brain, out of which 
the whole brain is to be formed). See cut 
at protovertebra. (b) Primary or first of its 
kind; temporary and soon to disappear: op- 
posed to definitive: as, the primitive aorta. 8. 
In but., noting specific types, in opposition to 
forms resulting from hybridization, neuslinc. vi t _... 
6. In//"'/., ul tlieeavliestor supposed earliest curye of which another is the polar or recipro- 
formation: intlieeai-lybistoryofgeologynoting ca ] t ,. t( . 
the older crystalline rocks of which the age and primitively (prim'i-tiv-li), title. 1. Originally; 
stratigrapliii-al relations were- uncertain, and tt t first. 
-,11s (where these had onee 1 11 present) TMten themselves have contributed to their own con- 
either entire!) obliterated or rendered SO mills- f,,t a t| lin i, y (c,nfrBini; that the chun-h livd primitively 
tiiii-t by niHaiiiorpliisiii "f the strata in which on Alms. Maton, Touching Hirelings. 
