progressist 
The workmen'* unions which had grown so rapidly In 
iM-inmny in the years following 1.500, and which had ttrst 
been patronized by the Progressist party. 
JSncyc. Brit., XXII. 214. 
progressive (pro-gres'iv), a. and . [< F. pr<>- 
(//>.// = Sp. /iriii/ri-sirii Pg. It. progressive, < 
L. priii/i'fxmis, pp. of progredi, go forward, ad- 
vance: see prot/rexs. ] I. a. 1. Going forward; 
moving onward ; advancing; making progress, 
in any sense: as, progressive motion or course. 
Their wandering course, now high, now low, then hid, 
Progressive, retrograde or standing still. 
Miltnn, P. L., vilL 127. 
At flrst proffnuiv* as a stream, they (the sheep) seek 
The middle tli'ld ; but, scattered by degrees. 
Each to his choice, soon whiten all the land. 
Cotrper, Task, I. 202. 
Science in its contemplation of the method of nature is 
pruyrrxxirr, and continually changing its point of view. 
liiiii-n'ii, Nature and the Bible, p. 12. 
The deification of the Emperors was a suitable climax 
to the proyrcmiiec degradation of the religion of Rome. 
G. P. Fisher, Beginnings of Christianity, p. 125. 
2. Favoring progress ; using one's influence or 
directing one's efforts in the line of advance- 
ment or improvement: as, to be progressive in 
one's ideas about education ; a progressive age. 
3. Indicative of progress. 
Ecker, for reasons which are not quite clear, considers 
that unusual length [of the index linger! Is a prayrrsiiee 
character. Amer. Anthropologist, I. 71. 
Progressive bulbar paralysis, tee paralysis. Pro- 
gressive euchre, metamorphosis, method. See the 
nouns. Progressive Friends. See friend. Progres- 
sive locomotor atazia. See ataxia. Progressive 
muscular atrophy, a progressive atrophy of the volun- 
tary muscles. Two entirely distinct forms are recognized 
(a) a neuropathic form, in which the myo-atrophy is the 
result of the degeneration of ganglion-cells In the anterior 
horns of the spinal cord (this form is related to amyo- 
trophic lateral sclerosis and to bulbar paralysis) ; and (It) 
amyopathic form, related to pseudohypertrophlc paralysis. 
Progressive muscular sclerosis. 
hyperlroplric jKiraJ.y(whlch see, under paralysis). Pro- 
gressive Orthodoxy, that body of Christian doctrine 
which is held by its sup|K>rters to preserve the essential 
features of historic Christian theology, while modified to 
meet the requirements of modern thought. The name 
is especially applied to the views of the advanced wing 
of theologians in the Congregational, Presbyterian, and 
other American churches. Progressive paralysis. See 
paralysi*. Progressive pernicious anemia. Same as 
idiniHtthic anemia (which see, under anemia). 
II. . One who is in favor of progress; one who 
promotes or commends reforms or changes: 
opposed to conservative. 
Some are conservatives, others progressives, still others 
may be called radicals. 
//. White, Pop. Scl. Mo., XXXVI. 499. 
We are forced to take sides on It, either as proaretsioes 
or conservatives. 5. Thurber, in Education, III. 619. 
progressively (pro-gres'iv-li), adv. In a pro- 
gressive manner; by gradual or regular steps 
or advances. 
Lost and confus'd, prixjrextiixly they fade, 
Mot fall precipitate from light to shade. 
W. Mason, tr. of Dufresnoy's Art of Painting, 1. 375. 
What was the commerce that, progressively, laid the 
foundation of all that Immense grandeur of the eastt 
Bruce, Source of the Nile, L 370. 
progressiveness (pro-gres'iv-nes), . The state 
or character of being progressive; a condition 
of advance or improvement: as, the progressice- 
ness of science or of taste. 
There is nothing in the nature of art to exempt it from 
that character of proirrewrivcness which belongs to science 
and philosophy, and in general to all spheres of intellectual 
activity. J. Caird. 
progressor (pro-gres'qr), ii. [< LL. progressor, 
one who advances, < L. progredi, pp. progressttx, 
go for ward, advance: see progress.] 1. Ouewho 
goes or travels; one who makes a journey or 
progress. 
Being a great progressor through all the Roman empire, 
whenever he | Adrian ] found any decays of bridges or high- 
ways, or cuts of rivers and sewers, ... or the like, he gave 
substantial order for their repair. 
Bacon, Offer of a Digest of Laws. 
2. One who makes progress or advances. 
proguet, ''. and n. An obsolete spelling of prog. 
progynmasium (pro-jim-na'zi-um), n. ; pi. pro- 
gi/iniiiixiii (-ii). [< Gr. irpA, before, + -jv/tvaotov, 
gymnasium. Cf. Gr. vpo-)vuvaaia, previous ex- 
ercise.] A kind of classical school in Germany 
in which the higher classes are wanting; a 
school preparatory to a gymnasium. 
The classical schools proper [in Prussia] consist of Gym- 
nasia and PrH'jyintuijria, the latter brini: Dimply gymnasia 
wanting the higher classes. ncyf. llrit., XX. 17. 
progymnosperm (pro-jim'no-sperm). ii. [< Gr. 
~l>o, before, + E. gam unsfii nil. ] An archaic or 
ancestral i;yiiiiiosperiii; t he ancestral form from 
which later gyninospernis are supposed to have 
been developed* 
4761 
progymnospermic(l>r6-jiin-no-sper'raik), a. [< 
progyiiinoitpi rin + -ic.] Of or relating to a pro- 
gymnosperm. 
In the remote past, before even the seasons were well 
denned, the cambium layer may have existed In an irregu- 
lar or fugitive manner in the pro-angiospermlc as It did 
in the pro-gymnospennie stern. Nature, XXXJ1I. 3y. 
prohemet, An obsolete form of proem. 
prohibit (pro-hib'it), r. t. [< L. prohibitus, pp. 
of prohlbern (> It. proibire=: Pg. Sp. prohibir = 
F. prohiber), hold back, forbid, < pro, before, + 
hnbere, have, hold: see Imhit. Cf. inhibit, ex- 
hibit.] 1. To forbid; interdict by authority: 
as, to prohibit a person from doing a thing; to 
prohibit the doing of a thing. 
So of degenerate and revolted spirits, the conversing 
with them or the employment of them it prohibited. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, 11. 164. 
To this day, In France, the exportation of corn Is almost 
always prohibited. Hume, Essays, It 5. 
South Carolina has prohibited the importation of slaves 
for three yean ; which Is a step towards a perpetual pro- 
hibition. Jf/erson, Correspondence, II. 161. 
2. To hinder; debar; prevent; preclude. 
And (the Britonsl, folowyng after wyth al the rest of 
theyr power, prohibited our men to take land. 
Qolding, tr. of Cesar, fol. 99. 
Soodenly a tempest of contrary wynde prohibited therm 
to take lande, and droue them backewarde to Coiumclla. 
Peter Martyr (tr. In Eden's First Books on America, 
led. Arber, p. 1W). 
Gates of burning adamant, 
Barr'd over us, prohibit all egress. 
Milton, P. L., 1L 437. 
Prohibited degrees. See deyree. = Byn. L Interdict, etc. 
Sce/orWJ. 
prohibiter (pro-hib'i-ter), . [< prohibit + 
-ec 1 .] One who prohibits or forbids; an inter- 
dieter. 
Cecilia . . . cast her eyes round In the church, with no 
other view than that of seeing from what corner the pro- 
hibilcr would start. Miss Barney, Cecilia, ix. 8. 
prohibition (pro-hi-bish'qn), n. [Early mod. E. 
prohybycyon ; < OF. (and" F.) prohibition = Sp. 
proliibicioit = Pg. prohibirSo = It. proibizioiif, < 
L. prohibitio(n-), a hindering or forbidding, pro- 
hibition, < proliibcre, pp. prohibitus, hold back, 
forbid: see prohibit.] 1. The act of prohibit- 
ing, forbidding, or interdicting; an edict or a 
decree to forbid or debar. 
In Iherico also is yet shewed the place where ye hlynde 
man, notwithstondyngc the prohybycyon and rebukes of 
the people, cryed Incessauntly. 
Sir R. (Juylfarde, Pylgrymage, p. 41. 
God's commandments or prohibitions were not the origi- 
nals of good and evil. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, I. 63. 
He said the Prophet never forbade aquavlta?, only the 
drinking of wine; and the prohibition could not be in- 
trndi-il for Egypt, for there was no wine In it. 
Bruce, Source of the Nile, I. 76. 
She made a repelling gesture with her hand, and stood, 
a perfect picture of prohibition, at full length, In the dark 
frame of the doorway. llawthorne. Seven Gables, vlli. 
2. Iii a restricted sense, the interdiction by 
law of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic 
drinks, except for medicinal or sacramental 
uses Prohibition of light, in attrnl., the supposed 
effect of two nelghlioring planet* in annihilating the In- 
fluence of one between them. Prohibition Party, In 
{', S. politics, a political party which alms to secure by 
legislation the prohibition of the manufacture and sale 
of alcoholic drinks, except for medicinal or sacramental 
uses. Such measures have at times been supported by a 
considerable section of one or the other of the two great 
parties, and such legislation has been enacted by certain 
States, as Maine, Kansas, and Iowa. The Prohibitionists 
were organized as a distinct national party in lt*69, and 
since 187*2 they have nominated candidates for the office 
of President Training to Arms Prohibition Act, an 
English statute ofl819(0 Ceo. III. and 1 Geo. IV., c. 1) 
prohibiting meetings for the purpose of practising mili- 
tary exercises. Writ Of prohibition, (a) In /air, a writ 
Issuing from a superior tribunal to prohibit or prevent an 
inferior court or a suitor therein, or both, from proceed- 
ing In a suit or matter, upon suggestion that such court 
is proceeding or about to proceed beyond Its jurisdiction 
or In an illegal manner. (i>) In Scot* lair, a technical 
clause in a deed of entail prohibiting the heir from sell- 
ing the estate, contracting debt, altering the order of suc- 
cession, etc. = SyiL 1. Interdiction, inhibition, embargo. 
See prohibit. 
Prohibitioni8m(pr6-hi-bi8h'on-izm), n. [(pro- 
hibition + -ism.] The doctrine and methods of 
the Prohibitionists. 
In Macmlllan's for March (Joldwin Smith has a timely 
iperon "Prvhibitioaism In Canada and the I nited States." 
Literary World, XX. 116. 
prohibitionist (pro-hi-bish'on-ist), n. and a. 
[< prnhihition + -ixt.] I. n. One who is in fa- 
vor of prohibition, especially the prohibition 
by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol- 
ic drinks, except for medicinal or sacramental 
uses: spceitieally [cap.], in I'. .S. pvli tics, a mem- 
ber of the Prohibition party. 
II. n. Favoring such prohibition. 
paper 
project 
If the growing prohibitionist party should ever get its 
way In Victoria, the strange spectacle will be presented of 
on of the chief wine-producing countries Iwlng under the 
control of an electorate which Is opposed to the manufac- 
ture and sale of wine. 
Sir C. W. DiUe, Probs. of Greater Britain, II. 1. 
prohibitive (pro-hib'i-tiv), a. [= F. prohibitif 
= Sp. Pg.urvhibitivoszlt.proibitiro; tui prohibit 
+ -iff.] Same as prohibitory. 
The proAiVrt'/iuM'oinmandement of stealing Is of greater 
force, and more blndeth. I'urrhn*. Pilgrimage, p. 23. 
The cab-rate* are prohibitive more than half the peo- 
pie who In England would use cabs must In America use 
the hone-can. Jf. Arnold, Civilization in the 1 '. *., IT. 
prohibitively (pro-hib'i-tiv-li), arfr. In a pro- 
hibitive manner; with prohibition; so as to pro- 
hibit: as, prices were prohibiticcly high. 
I waved my hand prohibitively. 
Carlytt, in Proude, Life In London, xxvlll. 
prohibitor (pro-hib'i-tor), n. [= OF. prohibeur 
Pg. proliibidor = It. proibitore, (. LL. prohibi- 
tor, a withholder, < L. prohibere, prohibit: see 
prohibit.'] One who prohibits or interdicts. 
A sharp and severe prohibitor. 
Uooktr, Works (ed. Appleton, lt>77X II. 43. 
prohibitory (pro-hib'i-to-ri), a. [=8p. Pg.wro- 
hibitoi'io,<. L. prohibitorinx, restraining, prohib- 
iting, < prohibere, pp. prohibition, prohibit: see 
prohibit.] Serving to prohibit, forbid, or in- 
terdict; implying prohibition: as, prohibitory 
duties on imports. 
A prohibition will lie on this statute, notwithstanding 
the penalty annexed, because it has words prohibitory as 
well as a penalty annexed. Ai/ttjfe, Parergon. 
It is of the nature and essence of law to have penal sanc- 
tions. Without them, all laws are vain, especially pro- 
hibittiry taws. 
Warburton, Julian's Attempt to Rebuild the Temple, II. 4. 
In 1777, North repealed the customs duties on imported 
materials for the making of glass, and laid duties profess- 
edly prohibittrry upon the importation of wroughtor manu- 
factured glass. S. Dmcell, Taxes In England, IV. 308. 
proin, proiner. Obsolete or dialectal forms of 
lirune*, pruner. 
pro indiviso (pro in-di-vi'so). [L. : pro, for, 
in manner of; iiidiriso, abl. sing. ueut. of iw- 
dirisiis, not divided or cleft, < in- priv. + di- 
rutiu, pp. of divitlcre, separate, divide : see di- 
vide.] In /air, a term applied to rights held by 
two or more persons undivided, and otherwise 
termed indivixible rights. 
project (pro-jekf ), r. [< OF. projccter, projeter, 
F. projeter = Sp. proycctar = Pg. projectar, pro- 
ject, \ LL. prtijectare, thrust forth, L. reproacli, 
accuse, freq. of L. projiccrc, proirere, pp. pro- 
jectus, throw before, thrust out, < pro, forth, 
before, + Jacere, throw, cast: see jet 1 . Cf. ab- 
ject, deject, eject, inject, object, etc.] I. trans. 1. 
To throw out or forth ; cast or shoot forward. 
Before his feet her selfe she did project. 
Spenser, V. W., VL L 46. 
The ascending villas on my side 
Project long shadows o'er the crystal tide. 
Pope, Windsor Forest, 1. 376. 
A ball once protected will fly on to all eternity with un- 
dlmlnlshed velocity, unless something checks. 
Macaiuay, Utilitarian Theory of Government. 
2. To cast forward in the mind; scheme; con- 
trive; devise; plan. 
This end I never did project, 
To hang upon a tree. 
Macphersotfl Kant (Child's Ballads, VI. 266). 
What sit we then projecting peace and war? 
Milton, t. L., ii. 33). 
A world which has Alia for its contriver Is much more 
wisely formed than that which has been projected by Ma- 
homet. Goldsmith, Aseni. 
3. Iii geom.: (a) To throw forward in rays or 
straight lines, especially from a center; draw 
such rays through every point of. 
To pr/4 from a flxed point, S(tbe centre of projection), 
a figure ABCD . . . abed, . . . composed of points and 
straight lines, is to construct the straight lines or project- 
ing rays SA, SB, SC. SD, . . . ami the projecting planes 
So, S6. Se, Sd. . . . We thus obtain a new figure compoaed 
of straight lines and planes which all pass through S. 
Cremona, Projectlve Geometry, I 2. 
(6) To throw forward (lines) from a center 
through every point of the figure said to be 
projected, and then cut these with a surface 
upon which the figure is said to be projected, 
(c) To delineate according to any system of 
correspondence between the points of a figure 
and the points of the surface on which the de- 
lineation is made. 4. To throw, as it were, 
from the mind into the objective world; give 
an objective or real seeming to (sometliing 
subjective). 
Thoughts liecame things, and ideas were projected from 
her Tivid fancy upon the empty air around her. 
./. A. Symiind*, Italy and (iret-ce, p. 58. 
5. To set forth; set out. [Hare.] 
