propagate 
Every thread of silk in the rich vestment* seems only 
a provision from the wormn that Hpln, for the behoof of 
worms that pnpayate In sepulchre . 
Itifknw, Pictures from Italy, U. 
propagating-bench (proi>'a-ga-ting-bench), . 
\\\hiirt., a stationary shallow box, usually filled 
with fine sand, but sometimes with earth, which 
is kept moist, anil into which cuttings or slips 
arc inserted until they have taken root. The 
|n'i|>;iirai iiiir-lieii'-li is usually so placed that 
In-ill can In- applied Uoncath it. 
propagating-box (prop'u-ga-ting-boks), n. In 
hurt., a shallow wooden box or pan, properly 
movable (comip&repropagating-bench), for hold- 
iiif; slips uinl cuttiiiKS in sand. It IB usually placed 
over the hot flues or water-pipes in a shady part of a 
plant-house, or on the sand-beu in a propagating-house. 
SoiMi-tirnc.s tin- cuttings in the box are covered with a 
pl"]i.l^[ltill-g|ss. 
propagating-glasstprop'a-ga-ting-glas), n. In 
hurt., a bell-glass used to cover cuttings or 
seedlings in a hotbed, nursery, or garden. 
propagating-house (prop'a-ga-ting-houg), n. 
In hnrt., etc., any greenhouse especially adapt- 
ed or used for the propagation or increase of 
plants from cuttings, or for growing them from 
the seeds. 
propagation (prop-a-ga'shon), n. [< ME. pron- 
agarion, < OF. ]>ropagation, propagation, F. 
prtpagattOH = Sp. propagation = Pg. propa- 
guiflo = It. propaga;ioHc^ < L. propagation-), 
a propagating, an extension, < propagare, pp. 
propttgatu.1, propagate: see propagate.'] 1. 
The act of propagating; the multiplication or 
continuance of the kind or species by natural 
generation or reproduction : as, tlie propagation 
of plants or animals. In the greater number of flower- 
Ing plants propagation Is effected naturally by means of 
seeds : but many plants are also propagated by the produc- 
tion of runners or lateral shoots, which spread along the 
surface of the soil, and root at the joints, from which they 
send up now stems. Plants are also propagated by suck- 
ers rising from rootatocks, and hy various other natural 
means. Propagation may be effected artificially by cut- 
tings, grafting, budding. Inarching, etc. 
In September the propagation, 
In landes siiche as tolde is of before, 
Is best to sette in occupaclon. 
Pallaititu, Husbnndrie (E. E. T. S.\ p. 189. 
How Is It that In the propagation of the race such a mar- 
vel Is repeated as that . . . every germ of a bodily organ- 
Urn receives the quickening breath of its spirit? 
Lotze, Microcosmus (trans.), I. S70. 
There Is not in nature any spontaneous generation, but 
all come by propagation. Bay, Works of Creation. 
2. The spreading or extension of anything; 
diffusion : as, the propagation of Christianity; 
the propagation of socialistic ideas. 
The Apostle (Paul) did act like a prudent Oovernour, 
mid in such a manner as he thought did most tend to the 
propagation of the Gospel. SHUingJteet, Sermons, II. vl. 
It [speech] may be used for the propagation of slander. 
//. Speneer, Social SUtlcs, p. 166. 
3t. Increase; augmentation; enlargement; ag- 
graudizemeut. 
For propagation of a dower 
Remaining In the coffer of her friends. 
Shot., M. for M., L 2. 154. 
The spoil and waste they [the Jews] had made upon all 
nations round about them for the propagation of their em- 
pire, which they were still enlarging as their desires. 
South, Sermons, XI. IL 
4. Transmission from one point to another, as 
of sound by waves of condensation and rarefac- 
tion in the air, and of radiant heat and light by 
undulations in the ether. See sound 6 , heat, 
light' 1 , and radiant energy (under energy). 
To account for the enormous velocity of propagation of 
light, the substance which transmits it Is assumed to be 
both of extreme elasticity and of extreme tenuity. 
TII n,l nil. Light and Elect, p. 60. 
= Syn. 1. Increase, generation, procreation, breeding. 
2. Dissemination. 
propagative (prop'a-ga-tiv), . [= Sp. Pg. 
propagaliro; nx propagate + -ire.'} Havingthe 
power of propagation; propagating. 
Every man owes more of his being to Almighty God than 
to his natural parents, whose very propagative faculty was 
at first ^iveii to the human nature by the only virtue, ef- 
ficacy, and energy of the divine commission and institu- 
tion. Sir M. Hale, Origin of Mankind, p. 354. (iMtham) 
\ church without propairatire power in the world can- 
not be other than a calamity to all within Its borders. 
//. l>ruunintnd, Natural Law in the Spiritual World, 
[p. 358. 
propagator (prop'a-ga-tqr), . [= f.propaga- 
li'ur = Sp. 1'";. propagador = It. propagatore, < 
L. propagator, a propagator, enlarger, extend- 
er. < propagare, pp. propagiitux, gem-rate, in- 
crease: see prnpiigate.'] ( )ne who propagates ; 
one who continues by generation or siieeessi\e 
production ; one who causes something to ex- 
teml or spread: a promoter; a diffuser: as, a 
4775 
propagator of heresies. The name Is given to one 
whose business Is the propagation of plants in nurseries, 
etc., by budding, grafting, etc. 
The Author then of Original! Slime If the propagator of 
our Nature. fvreka*, Pilgrimage, p. . 
Socrates, . . . the greatest propagator of morality. 
Ailduon, Freeholder, No. 45. 
Jacobus Baradiens, a Syrian, who was a chief propagator 
of the Eutychlan doctrines. 
K. W. Lane, Modem Egyptians, II. 312. 
propagatorium (prop'a-ga-to'ri-um), M. ; pi. 
propagatoria (-&). [f^L., neut. propagato- 
riug, propagatory: see jtropagator.] In trial., 
the reproductive apparatus ; the entire physi- 
cal mechanism of reproduction; the organs of 
generation of either sex, consisting essentially 
of a sexual gland producing ova or sperma- 
tozoa, passages for the conveyance of the pro- 
duct, or for detaining it until mature in the 
body, and usually, organs of sexual congress. 
Compare nutritorium, loeomotorium, sensorium. 
propagatory fprop'a-ga-to-ri), a. [< NL. pro- 
pagatoriuH, < L. pr'ojiagator* propagator: seo 
propagator.] Serving to accomplish propa- 
gation, as the organs of generation ; reproduc- 
tive, as a system of physical organs. 
propago (pro-pa'go), .; pi. propagines (pro- 
paj'i-nez). [L., < propagare, propagate: see 
propagate.] 1. In nort., a branch laid down 
in the process of layering. 2. In but., same 
as biilblet. 
propagule (pro-pag'ul), . [< NL. propagulum, 
q. v.] In oof., same as propagulum. 
propagulum (pro-pag'u-lum), .; pi. propagn- 
Itt f-lft). [NL., dim. of propago.] In hot.: (a) 
A shoot, such as a runner or sucker, which may 
serve for propagation, (b) In alga?, a modi- 
fied branch by which non-sexual reproduction 
is effected, (rf) One of the powder-like grains 
which form the soredia of lichens. 
Propalaeotherium (pro-pa'le-o-tho'ri-uni), n. 
[NL., < Gr. np6, before, + na/aiuf, ancient, + 
m/piov, a wild beast : seo I'al/eotherinin.] A ge- 
nus of fossil tapiroid mammals from the Eocene 
of Europe. 
propale (pro-pal' ), r. t. ; pret. and pp. propalcd, 
ppT.propaliiig. [= Sp. Pg. propalar = It. pro- 
palare, < LL. propalare, make public, divulge, 
< L. proitalam, openly, publicly. < pro, forth, + 
palam, openly.] To publish ; disclose, tleott. 
propalinal (pro-pal'i-nal), a. [< Gr. irpo, be- 
fore, + 7rri//i', back, backward, + -ill.] Mov- 
ing forward and backward ; relating to forward 
and backward movement; protracted and re- 
tracted, as the lower jaw when it moves forth 
and back in the act of chewing: as, the pro- 
palittal movement in mastication. 
The propalinal mastication Is to be distinguished into 
the proal, from behind forwards, . . . and the pallnal. from 
before backwards. Cope, Amer. Nat, XXII. 7. 
proparapteral (pro-pa-rap'te-ral), a. [< pro- 
parapteron + -<il.] Of or pertaining to the 
proparapteron. 
proparapteron (pro-pa-rap'te-ron), .; pi. pro- 
paraptera (-rft). [NL., < dr. irp6, before, + 
NL. parapteron.] Inentom., the parapteron of 
the prothoracic segment; the third sclerite of 
the propleuron. 
proparent (pro-par'ent), . [< L. pro, for, + 
paren(t-)s, parent.] One who stands in the 
place of a parent. Imp. Diet. 
proparoxytone (prd-par-ok'si-ton), a. and . 
[< Gr. irpoxapoi-iTovof (see def .), < ifp6, before, 
-I- TrapofiTovof, paroxytone: see parozytone.] 
I. a. In Gr. gram., having or characterized by 
the acute accent on the antepenultimate: some- 
times applied to words in English and other lan- 
guages to signify that they have the tonic ac- 
cent on the antepenultimate. 
II. In Gr. gram., a word which has the acute 
accent on the antepenultimate. 
proparoxytone (pro-par-ok'si-ton), r. t. ; pret. 
and pp. proparojry toned, ppr. proparofi/toning. 
[< Gr. irporrapofvrovtiv, \ irpoxapofiTovof, pro- 
paroxytone: see proparoxytone, a.] In Ur. 
gram., to write or pronounce (a word) with the 
acute accent on the antepenultimate. 
proparoxytonic (pro-par-ok-si-ton'ik), a. [< 
proparojrytone + -ir.] Accented on the antepe- 
nult : proparoxytone. 
propassion (pro-pash'on), n. [< ML. propas- 
>'"( -), < ii.pro, before, + iHtfgio(n-). passion: 
see jfi.wiii.] A feeling antecedent to passion; 
an inchoate passion : the first stir of passion. 
The philosopher calls it (anger) the whetstone to forti- 
tude, a spur intended to set forward virtue. This is sim- 
ply rather a proportion than a passion. 
Rn. T. Adami, Works, I. 476. 
propeller-shaft 
Not the first motions (of anger] are forbidden: the 
twinklings of the eye, aa the philosophers call them, the 
propasnvH* and sudden and irresistible alterations. 
Jrr. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835X I. 211. 
propatagial (pro-pat-a-ji'al), n. and n. [< NL. 
propatagialig, < prnpatugium, q. v.] I. a. Of 
or pertaining to the propatagium; as, &prop<iln- 
gitil fold of integument ; & propatagial muscle. 
II. n. A propatagialis. 
propatagiaus (prd-pat'a-ji-a'lis), . ; pi. pro- 
patagialex (-lez). [NL.: see propa lagial .] A 
tensor muscle of the propatagium, of which 
there are two, long and short Propataglalls 
brevls, the short propataglal muscle, also called ttnmrr 
propatagii brent. Propataglalia longUB, the long pro- 
patagial muscle, also called tontor propatagii Uinyujt. 
propatagian (pro-pat-a-ji'an), a. [< propata- 
giiim + -mi.] Same as propatagial. 
The propatagian muscles of the swallows. 
Scienct, X. 71. 
propatagium (pro-pat-a-ji'um), n. ; v\.propala- 
gia (-a). [NL., < Gr. np6, before, + NL. pata- 
i/iiiin. q. v.] The so-called patagium of a bird's 
wing: the more precise name of the fold of skin 
in front of the upper arm and of the forearm 
which fills up the ree'ntrance between these 
parts, and so forms the smooth fore-border of 
the wing from the shoulder to the carpal angle. 
pro patria (pro pa'tri-a). [L.: pro, tor; pa- 
ii in, abl. of patria, one's native land : see pa- 
tria.'] For one's native land. 
proped (pro'ped), n. [< L. pro, for, + pcn(ped-) 
= E. foot.] In entom., a proleg. Kirby. Bee 
cut under proleg. 
propedal(pr6'ped-al),fj. [(proped, + -n/.] Of 
the nature of or pertaining to a proped : as, a 
propcdal process. 
propel (pro-pel'), . /.; pret. and pp. propelled, 
}>pr. propelling. [< ML. propelten, < L. propel- 
i rt; drive or push forward, < pro, forward, + 
pellere, drive, push : see pulscf. Cf. i-xpel, im- 
pel, repel, etc.] To drive forward ; move or 
cause to move on; urge or press onward by 
force. 
Ferre awaic prnpellr. 
Horrcnd odoure of kyehen, bath, gutters. 
rulliiiliiir, liusliondrle (E. E. T. 8.), p. 38. 
That overplus of motion would be too feeble and lan- 
guid to propel so vast and ponderous a body with that pro- 
digious Telocity. !: Kil.'i. 
The rate of succession may be retarded by Insist ing upon 
one object, and propelled by dismissing another Itefore Its 
time. Kainn, F.lem. of C'rltlclsm, Ix. 
propellant(pro-perant), . [Erroneous form of 
propellent.] That which propels or drives for- 
ward ; a propelling agent. 
Though not as a military projxllant, it [gnncotton] has 
been uted with great success In sporting cartridges. 
The Engineer, LXIX. 117. 
In all saloon rifles and pistols the propellant Is fulminat- 
ing powder contained In a small copper case. 
W. W. Greener, The Gun, p. 368. 
propellent (pro-perent), a. [< ~L.proi>ellen(t-)g, 
ppr. of pro/telierr, drive or push forward: see 
proj>el.] Driving forward ; propelling. 
propeller (pro-peF'er), n. [</>rop*J + -erl.] 1. 
One who or that which propels; in marine en- 
gin., broadly, any contrivance or appliance, 
as a sail, paddle, oar, paddle-wheel, screw, 
etc.. used for moving vessels floating upon the 
surface of water, or under the surface; in a 
more restricted and more generally accepted 
sense, any instrument or appliance, and espe- 
cially a screw, used for marine propulsion and 
actuated by machinery (usually a steam-engine 
called a winn'iic engine) carried by the vessel 
so propelled. A principle common to all this clan of 
propellers Is that a vessel Is moved forward by the re- 
action on the propeller of the water thrown rearward, 
the propelling machinery being at some part or parts 
rigidly attached to the ship. The net propelling power 
is therefore determined by the mass of water thrown 
rearward multiplied into the square of the velocity with 
which It Is thrown, allowance being made for prejudicial 
resistances. 
2. A boat or vessel driven by a propeller. 3. 
In Jisliing, a kind of trolling-hook with arti- 
ficial bait, fitted with wings or flanges to make 
it spin in the water; a spiiniing-lmit Archi- 
medean, fish-tail, screw, etc., propeller. See the 
qualifying words. 
propeller-engine (pro-pel'er-en'jin),i. A ma- 
rine engine for driving a screw propeller. 
propeller-mower (pro-pel'er-mo'er), n. Same 
as front-cut mover (which see, under Himrrr 1 ). 
propeller-pump (pro-pel 'er-pump), . A form 
of rotary pump with helical blades inclosed in 
a easing and submerged in the water. 
propeller-shaft t pro-pel'er-shaft >. . The rigid 
in t a I lie sliaft which carries the propeller of a 
marine engine. 
