propitiousness 
The pr"trifi'iiumf** of climate t*i that sort of tree. 
.Stir H'. Temple, Am-, and Mod. Learning. 
prop-joint (prop'joint), n. In carria<jr-mnki>j. 
a jointed bar which spreads the bows of a ca- 
lash-top. /.'. //. Knight. Compare rule-joint. 
proplasm (pro'plazm), n. [X Gr. Kpoir'/aaua. a 
model, < SYJO, for, before, + ir/dooetv, form, mold, 
shape: see plam.~\ Arnold; a matrix. 
Those shells serving as proplamu or moulds to the mat- 
ter which so filled them. 
H'oodicard, Essay towards a Nat. Hist, of the Earth. 
We gather that the mysterious Spirit is merely the nou- 
menon or proptann of physical and psychical phenomena. 
Now it is surely far simpler and better to speak of this 
proptatm as Matter, and thus avoid the very equivocal 
term Spirit. /...,/. Jour. / Sri., No. cxxlv. 242. 
proplastic (pro-plas'tik), a. [< Gr. wp6, for, 
before, + naeru6f, pertaining to molding or 
modeling: see plastic.'] Forming a mold or 
cast. 
proplastics (pro-plas'tiks), n. [PI. of proplastic 
(see -<*).] The art of making molds for cast- 
ings, etc. 
prop-leg (prop'leg), n. In entom., same as jjro- 
leg. 
propleural (pro-plo'ral), a. [< propleuron + 
-/.] Antenor and lateral or pleural, as a part 
of the prothorax ; of or pertaining to the pro- 
pleura. 
propleuron (pro-pW'ron), n.; pl.propteura (-ra). 
[NL., < Gr. itpo, before, + n'fcvpa, side: see 
pleuron.] The lateral part of the prothorax; 
a prothoracic pleuron. There are two propleura, 
right and left ; and each propleuron is typically divided 
Into three sclerltes an epUternum, an epimeron, and a 
parapteron. 
proplex (pro'pleks), n. [< NL. proplexus, q. v.] 
Same as proplexus. 
proplexus (pro-plek'sus), 11.; pi. proplexug or 
proplexiiseg. [NL., < L. pro, before, + plexus, 
a braiding: see plexus.'] The plexus of the 
procoelia; the choroid plexus of either lateral 
ventricle of the brain. Wilder and Gage, Anat. 
Tech., p. 485. 
propodeum (pro-po' de-urn), n,; pi. propo- 
dea (-a). [NL.,irreg. < IJ.pro, before, + pod(ex), 
fundament.] In entom., a part of the thorax 
immediately over and partly surrounding the 
insertion of the abdomen, seen principally in 
the Hymenoptera. it is originally the first abdominal 
segment, which, during the development of the larva and 
pnpa, becomes transferred to the thorax, and so intimate- 
ly Joined with It that it appears to be a part of the last 
thoracic ring. 
propodia, H. Plural of proporliiim. 
propodial (pro-po'di-al), fl. and H. [< propodi- 
um + -n/.] 1. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the 
propodium of a mollusk. 2. Of or pertaining 
to the propodialia. 
II. n. Same as propodium. 
Limbs consisting of one basal element, two propodiali, 
and metapodlala and digits. Amer. Sat., XXIII. 862. 
propodialia (pro-po-di-a'li-S), ti.pl. [NL., < 
Gr. Trpon-orfioc, before the feet: see propodium.'] 
The bones of the proximal segment of both fore 
and hind limbs (that is, the humerus and femur) 
taken together or considered as corresponding 
to each other. See epipodialia. 
propodite (prop'o-dit), . [< Gr. vp6, before, 
+ jrot'v (TOO-), = It., foot, + -iVc 1 .] In Cruntacea, 
the sixth (penultimate) joint of a developed en- 
dopodite, between the carpopodite and the dac- 
tylopodite. In a lobster, for example, It Is the Joint 
which with the movable <lctylopodlt makes the nipper 
orchelateclaw. Milne- Edirardi; Huxley. Alsoproporfox. 
See cut tinder endopodite. 
propoditic (prop-o-dit'ik), a. [< propodite + 
-if. J Of or pertaining to the propodite of the 
limb of a crustacean. 
propodium (pro-po'di-um), . ; pi. propodia (-&). 
[NL.. < Gr. jrpoirdd/of, before the feet, < ir/>6, for, 
before, + TTOIT (JTOO-) = E./oo<.] The anterior 
one of the three median parts into which the 
foot of some raollusks may be divided : corre- 
lated with mfaopodium and niftii]>odiuiii. Also 
propodial. Compare e]>i]i<liiiiii. 
propodos (prop'o-dos), n. Same AS propodite. 
propolis (nrop'o-lis), n. [< L. propolis, < Gr. 
jrpoTTo/.ir, the substance with whicn bees line and 
fence their hives, the suburb or outer part of 
a city, < *p6, for, before, + vfair,, city.] A red, 
n-MTious, odorous substance having some re- 
>einl)hiiicc to wax and Kindling like storax. 
It Is collected by been from the viscid buds of various trees 
ami used to stop the holes and crevices In their hives to 
prevent the entrance of cold air, to strengthen the cells, 
etc. Also called btr.ylur. 
Speaking of the honey-bee reminds me that the subtle 
and sleight of hand manner In which It fills Its baskets 
with pollen and propntit Is characteristic of much of na- 
ture s doings. Tlu Century, XXV. 78. 
4780 
propolize (prop'o-liz), r. t. ; pret. and pp. prop- 
iilr.i'it, ppr. propoli:ing. [< propol-is + -ire.] 
To cover with propolis. 1'hin, Diet. Apicul- 
ture, p. 55. 
propone (pro-pon'), v. t.; pret. and pp. proponed, 
ppr. proponing. [= Sp. proponer = Pg. pro- 
pdr = It. proporre, proponere, < L. proponere, 
set forth, place before, < pro, forth, before, + 
ponere, set, place : seeponent. CI. propound, a 
doublet of propone.] 1. To put forward ; pro- 
pose; propound. 
He [Aristotle] . . . neuer propone* any allegation, or 
makes any surmise, but he yeelds a reason or cause to for- 
tifle and proue It. Puttenham, Arte of Eng. Poesle, p. 191. 
He proponed vnto me sundry questions, both touching 
religion, and also the state of our countreys. 
Hakluyfi Voyayei, I. 346. 
2. In Scots lair, to bring forward; state. 
al the other new invenclons alleged 
s charge. 
llall't Union (1648). (HattiweU.) 
Fleas proponed and repelled, in Scot* law, pleas stated 
in court, and overruled before decree, 
proponent (pro-po'nent), a. and . [= Sp. Pg. 
It. proponente, < L. nroponen(t-)s, ppr. of pro- 
ponere, set forth, place before: see propone.'] 
I. a. Making proposals; proposing. 
For mysterious things of faith rely 
On the proponent Heaven's authority. 
Dryden, Hind and Panther, L 121. 
II. n. 1. One who makes a proposal, or lays 
down a proposition. 2. In law, one who pro- 
pounds a will for probate. 
propons (pro'ponz), n. [< L. pro, before, + pons, 
bridge : see po*.] In anat., a small bundle of 
transverse fibers just below the pons, crossing 
the proximal end of the pyramid^ Also called 
ponticulus. 
proportt, r. t. An obsolete form of purport. 
proportion (pro-por'shou), n. [< ME. proj>or- 
cion, proporcioun, < OF. proportion, proporcion, 
proportionable 
Look ; here 's a face now of another making. 
Another mould ; here 's a divine proportion. 
Fletcher (and another f), Prophetess, ui. 3. 
The people . . . [are] generally tall and straight, of a 
comely proportion. Capt. John Smith, Works, I. 129. 
6. In math., the equality of ratios or relations: 
analogy. Complicated and difficult definitions of this 
word were given by Euclid and the old mathematicians, 
because they were unwilling to regard a ratio as a quan- 
tity capable of equality ; bat it is now recognized that such 
generalizations are at once the most profound and the most 
Intelligible way throughout mathematics. 
When he hadde founde his flrste mansioun [in astrology], 
He knew the remenaunt by proporcioun. 
Chaucer, Franklin's Tale, 1. 568. 
7. In music: (a) The ratio between the vibra- 
tion-numbers of two tones. (6) Same as rhythm 
or meter. 8. In urilh.. the rule of three; that 
rule which, according to the theory of propor- 
tion, enables us to find a fourth proportional 
to three given numbers that is, a number to 
which the third bears the same ratio as the first 
does to the second Academic proportions. See 
figure ('f academic proportion!, under academic. Alter- 
nate proportion. See alternate. Combining propor- 
tions. Same as definite proportion!. Composition of 
proportion. laceWMMbsb- Compound proportion, 
the equality of the ratio of two quantities to another ratio, 
the antecedent and consequent of which are respectively 
the products of the antecedents and consequents of two 
or more ratios. Continued proportion, a succession of 
several equal ratios the consequent of each of which Is 
Identical with the antecedent of that which follows, as 
8 : 12 = 12 : 18 = 18 : 27, etc.- Contra-arithmetical pro- 
portion, contraharmonical mean and proportion, 
definite proportions. See the adjectives. Conversion 
of proportions. See eonmrrion. Direct proportion. 
See direct ratio, under ratio. Discrete proportion. See 
". Duplicate, geometrical, harmonic, in- 
liite-). Inverse proportion. Sec reciprocal proportion. 
- Law of multiple proportion. Sei multifile. Mixed 
verse proportion, an equality between a direct and a 
X * -I f T J / \ I, J*W* VAWUj I in. 1 1(1 1 ill I It 111 MIC I ill II > HI I 11 I i l| 11,11 I I I I II : 
<.pro, for, before, + portio(n-), share, part: see of two other quantities. =8yn. S. See tymmetry. 
portion.] 1. The relation of one thing to an- proportion (pro-por'shon), r. t. [< ME. pro- 
other in respect to size, quantity, magnitude of porcionen, porjiorcioune'n, < OF. proportionner, 
corresponding parts, capacity, or degree. proporcionner, F. proportionner = Sp. Pg. pro- 
ne must be little skilled in the world who thinks that porcionar = It. proporzionarc ; from the noun.] 
men 'stalking much or little shall hold proportion only to 1. To adjust in suitable relations ; adapt har- 
LodM - moniously to something else as regards dimen- 
sions or extent : as, to proportion the size of a 
building to its height, or the thickness of a thing 
to its length; to proportion expenditure to in- 
Every thing most bear a proportion with the outward 
value that Is set upon it. Steele, Taller, No. 171. 
In proportion as men know more and think more, they 
look less at individuals and more at classes. 
<. Milton. 
Justice can be well administered only In proportion as 
men become just. H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 2bf. 
2. Specifically, the relation of one part to an- 
other or to the whole with respect to magni- 
tude; the relative size and arrangement of 
parts: as, the proportion of the parts of an edi- 
fice, or of the human body. Commonly in the 
plural. 
The system of definite proportion which the Greeks em- 
ployed In the design of their temples was another cause of 
the effect they produce even on uneducated minds. 
J. Fergvtton, Hist. Arch., I. 251. 
The three vast recesses [of the facade of Peterborough 
Cathedral : see cut under portal] have not, as they have at 
Lincoln, any correspondence with the proportion* of the 
nave and aisles which they terminate. Being of equal 
height, and the narrow one being In front of the wide 
central aisle while the wide ones fall In front of the nar- 
row side aisles, they wholly contradict these proportion*. 
Moon, Gothic Architecture, p. H.:.. 
3. Symmetrical arrangement, distribution, or 
adjustment ; the proper relation of parts in a 
whole ; symmetry or harmony. 
Hee commeth to yon with words sent In delightful! pro 
pmiiiin, either accompanied with or prepared for the well 
fnchanntlng skill of Mnslcke. 
Sir P. Sidney. Apol. for Poetrie, p. 40. 
Statues which are placed on high are made greater than 
come. 
He ... [advises] men to live within Bounds, and to 
proportion their Inclinations to the Extent of their For- 
tune. Congrere, tr. of Juvenal's Satires, xl , Arg. 
Fortunately, the Sphinx proposes her conundrums to us 
one at a time, and at intervals proportioned to our wits. 
I. "ii: II, Address at Harvard Anniversary. 
2. To form with symmetry; give a symmetri- 
cal form to. 
Sir, jeff thow wilt wrappe thy soueraynes bred stately, 
Thow must square & poryorcioun thy bred clene and 
evenly. llaoert Book (E. E. T. 8.), p. 130. 
Nature had proportioned her without any fault quickly 
to be discovered by the senses. Sir P. Sidney. 
3. To bear proportion or adequate relation to ; 
correspond to. 
Bid him therefore consider of his ransom, which must 
proportion the losses we have borne. 
Shall., Hen. V., III. S. 1S4. 
4f. To divide into portions; allot; apportion. 
Neit, for your monthly pains, to shew my thanks, 
I do proportion out some twenty ducats. 
Fletcher, Spanish Curate, II. 2. 
Here are my commodities, whereof take your choice, 
the rest I will proportion fit bargains for your people. 
Quoted In Capt. John Smith'! Works, I. 214. 
5. To compare ; estimate the relative propor- 
tions of. 
the life, that they may descend to the sight In their Just 
proportion. Dryden, Essay on Dram. Poesy. 
[We,] your guilty Subjects, . . . have held pace and 
proportion with you In our evlll wares. 
K. Ward, Simple Cobler, p. 63. 
4. That which falls to one's lot when a whole 
is divided according to a rule or principle ; just 
or proper share ; in general, portion ; lot. 
Wee were all constrained to Hue onely on that Smith 
had onely for his owne Companle, for the rest had con- 
; ' r;X 5C2n.Cap,. JohnSnit*. Works, H. ,. Proportionable (pro-por'shon-a-bl)^. 
I have received my proportion, like the prodigious son. 
A'A<l*.,T. U. of V., U. 8. 3. 
5f. Form ; shape ; figure. 
I thought King Henry had resembled thee 
In courage, courtship, and proportion 
Now, Penshurst. they that will proportion thee 
With other edifices, when they see 
Those proud ambitious heaps, and nothing else, 
May say their lords have built, but thy lord dwells. 
B. Jomon, The Forest 
Fond earth ! proportion not my seeming love 
To my long stay. (juarlei. Emblems, IT. 2. 
6. In type-manuf., to adjust (a font of type) so 
that it shall contain the proper number of each 
letter, point, i !< . 
[< OF. 
proportionable, proporliiiiintili/i' = 8p. pro/mr- 
I'ioiuihle = Pg. i>rporrionarel = It. prnpr?i<>- 
miliilr, < LL. "pruportionalrilix (in mlv. prnpar- 
tuiHiiliilitn-'i, < L. in'ii)i<irlin(i,-), pr 
' 
nii. j 
proportion : Wfl 
( 'apiiblf of beinj; proportioned or 
Shot., 2 Hen. VI., I. s. 57. made proportional; also, bring in due propor- 
