propraescntal 
propraescutal, a. See proprescutal. 
propraescutum fpro-pre-sku'tum), n.; pi. pro- 
prtescuta (-tii). [NL., < L. pro, before, + NL. 
prsexcutum, q. v.] In entom., the prtescutum of 
the pronotum ; the presents! sclente of the pro- 
thorax. 
propraetor, proprietorial. See propretor, j>ro- 
pretorial. 
propret, propretet. Middle English forms of 
proper, property. 
proprescutal, propraescutal (pro-pre-sku'tal), 
a. [< propnexcut-um + -/.] Of or pertaining 
to the proprsBscutum. 
propretor, propraetor (pro-pre'tor), n. [< L. 
'r.J In 
r^ < pro, for, + j>ra?/or,'pretor. 
ii. nntiq., a magistrate filling the office and 
exercising the authority of a pretor, but not hold- 
ing the titular rank; one who, having discharged 
the office of pretor at home, was sent into a 
province to command there with pretorial au- 
thority; also, an officer sent extraordinarily into 
the provinces to conduct the government with 
the authority of a pretor. 
propretorial, propraetorial (prd-pre-to'ri-al ),a. 
[< propretor, proprietor, + -ial.] Of or relating 
to a propretor or the office of propretor. 
Thus the distinction between consular (or proconiular) 
and pnetorial (or proprietorial) provinces varied from year 
to year with the military exigencies of different part* of 
the empire. Eneye. Brit., Xli 885. 
propriate (pro'pri-at), a. [Appar. by aphere- 
sis for appropriate (f ) ; otherwise < L. propria- 
tus, pp. of propriare, appropriate: see proper, 
r.] Peculiar; specific. [Rare.] 
But any simple Tom will tell ye, 
The source of life is In the belly, 
From whence are sent out those supplies 
Without whose prnpriate sympathies 
We should be neither strong nor wise. 
W. Combe, Dr. Syntax, II. 7. (Damn.) 
propriest, . [< L. propria, neut. pi. of propri- 
iis, proper, own: see proper.] Possessions; 
property. Halliwell. 
proprietarian (pro-pri-e-ta'ri-an), n. [< pro- 
priet-y + -arian.] A stickler "for the proprie- 
ties ; a formal and precise person. [Rare.] 
The conversazioni of the TigiAproprittarian*, where peo- 
ple sit down to a kind of hopeless whist, at a soldo the 
point, and say nothing. Houfttt, Venetian Life, xxi. 
proprietary (pro-pri'e-ta-ri), a. and n. [= F. 
projirietaire = Sp. propietario = Pg. It. pro- 
prietario, < LL. proprictarius, pertaining to a 
property-holder ; as a noun, an owner ; < L. pro- 
prieta(t-)x, property: see propriety, property.] 
1. a. Belonging to a proprietor or owner; of 
or pertaining to property or ownership: as, 
proprietary rights. 
Though sheep which are proprietary are seldom mark- 
ed, yet they are not apt to straggle. 
A". Grew, Cosmologia Sacra. 
The recognition by kings that, if they do not recognise 
the proprietary rights of the weaker, then the stronger 
will not consider theirs. 
Stubbt, Medieval and Modern Hist, p. 214. 
Proprietary colony. See II., i. Proprietary medi- 
cine, a medicine the manufacture or sale of which Is re- 
stricted through patent of the drug or combination of 
drugs, of the label, or of the name, or otherwise, or a 
medicine concerning which the person making it claims 
a private formula. Proprietary right, the right of a 
proprietor; speciflcally, in the theatrical profession, the 
common-law right of the author of a drama to control 
exclusively its production or representation so long as 
the drama remains unpublished : also applied to the right 
when protected by copyright after publication. 
II. . ; pi. proprietaries (-riz). 1. One who 
has exclusive title; one who possesses or holds 
the title to a thing in his own right ; an owner; 
a proprietor; specifically, in Amer. colonial hist., 
the grantee or owner, or one of the owners, of 
one of those colonies called proprietary colonies 
(in distinction from charter colonies and royal 
colonies or provinces). See colony, 1. 
Tis a mistake to think ourselves stewards in some of 
God's gifts and proprietaries In others. 
Government of the Tongue. 
To the proprietaries of Carolina the respect of the revo- 
lution [of luss] for vested rights secured their possessions. 
Bancroft, Hist. U. 8. (12th ed-X m. IS. 
2. A body of proprietors collectively: as, the 
proprietary of a county. 
The influence of a monopolist middleman such as the 
corporate proprietary of a railway virtually constitute Is 
placed in a new light. The Academy, July 27, 1889, p. 53. 
3. The right of proprietor; ownership. 
Peasant proprietary or occupying ownership, which are 
tin- names European economists give to that system of 
ownership which we have regarded as typically American. 
may exist for a long while among a population whose nat- 
ural increase is restrained, where emigration is not thought 
of. JIT. A. Kee., CXLIL 396. 
4783 
4. In monasteries, a monk who had reserved 
foods and effects to himself, notwithstanding 
is renunciation of all at the time of his pro- 
fession. I mil. Diet. 
proprietor (pro-pri'e-tor), n. [An accom. form, 
with substituted suffix"-or, for *proprieter,<. OF. 
proprietaire, an owner: see proprietary, H.] 
One who has the legal right or exclusive title 
to something; an owner: as, the proprietor of 
a farm or of a mill. 
French . . . was at any rate the only language spoken 
for some ages after the Conquest by our kings, and not 
only by nearly all the nobility, but by a large proportion 
even of the inferior landed proprietor*. 
Croir, Hist Eng. Lit, I. 98. (Latham.) 
Lord proprietor, in Amer. colonial Mil., same as pro- 
prietary, 1. 
Charleston became the principal town ; and to it the 
whole political power of the colony [South Carolina) was 
exclusively confined during the government of the Lordi 
Proprietor*. Calhoun, Works, I. 401. 
Peasant proprietor. See peatant. 
proprietorial (pro-pri-e-to'ri-al), . [< proprie- 
tor + -i-nl.] Proprietary. 
Proprietorial rights. A". A. Kev., CXLII. 56. 
proprietorship (pro-pri'e-tor-ship), . [(pro- 
prietor + -ship.] The state or right of a pro- 
prietor ; the condition of being a proprietor. 
If you think she has anything to do with the proprietor- 
thip of this place, you had better abandon that idea. 
Dictent, Martin Chuzzlewit, xxxvL 
proprietress (pro-pri'e-tres), n. [< proprietor 
+ -ess.] A female proprietor. 
Are castles shadows? Three of them? Is she 
The sweet pruprietm* a shadow? 
Tennyion, Princess, 11. 
proprietrix (pro-pn'e-triks), n. [Fern, of pro- 
prietor.] A proprietress. 
propriety (pro-pri'e-ti), M.; pi. proprieties (-tiz). 
[< OF. propriete, later form of the vernacular 
proprete (> E. property), F. propriete = Pr. Sp. 
propifdaa = fg.priipriedade = It. proprieta,<. L. 
proprieta(t-)s, peculiarity, property: sevprojt- 
""fyO If. Peculiar or exclusive right of pos- 
session; ownership; possession; property. 
Why hath not a man as true propriety In his estate as in 
his life'; lip. Hall, Cases of Conscience. 
So are the proprictirx of a wife to be disposed of by her 
lord ; and yet all are for her provisions, it being a part of 
his need to refresh and supply hers. 
Jet. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835X I. 710. 
The reasons annexed to the second commandment are 
God's sovereignty over us, his propriety in us, and the zeal 
he hath to his own worship. 
Shorter Cateehitnn, ans. to qu. 52. 
Pensylvania. . . . The Propriety and CJoverment of 
this Country was given by King Charles II. to William 
Pen, Esq. Hut., Oeog. , etc. , Diet., ed. Collier, 2d ed. (1701 X 
2f. That which is proper or peculiar; property; 
peculiarity. 
Man did give names unto other creatures in Paradise, as 
they were brought before him, according unto their pro- 
prieties. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, i. 
A court which, if you will give me leave to use a term 
of logick, is only an adjunct, not a propriety of happiness. 
Dryden, Aurengzebe, Ded. 
3t. An estate; a holding. 
The splitting the colony Into proprieties contrary to 
the original charters. Betrrley, Virginia, I. * 92. 
4. Suitableness to an acknowledged or correct 
standard or rule ; consonance with established 
principles, rules, or customs; fitness; justness; 
correctness. 
Propriety'* cold, cautious rules 
W arm Fervour may o'erlook. 
Bunu, Apologetic, to Mrs. Lawrte. 
Miss Temple had always something of serenity In her 
air, of state In her mien, of refined propriety in her lan- 
guage. Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre, viii. 
After all his [Daniel Webster's] talents have been de- 
scribed, there remains that perfect propriety which ani 
mated all the details of the action or speech with the char- 
acter of the whole, so that his beauties of detail are endless. 
Emenun, Fugitive Slave Law. 
5+. Individuality ; particular or proper state. 
Alas ! it is the baseness of thy fear 
That makes thee strangle thy propriety [i. e., makes thee 
disavow thyself). Shale., T. N., v. 1. 150. 
Silence that dreadful bell: it frights the isle 
From her propriety [i. e,, out of herself). 
Shot., Othello, U. 3. 176. 
The proprieties, the standards of conduct and behavior 
adopted and approved by society ; conventional customs. 
-Syn. 4. Precision, etc. (see purity); appropriateness, 
seemliness. 
proprium (pro'pri-um), n. [L., neut. of pn>- 
pnus, special, peculiar, own : see proper.'] In 
SicedenboryiuiiixiH, what is one's own; selfhood. 
You will find that the will of man is his proprium. and 
that this from nativity is evil, and that thence is the false 
in the understanding. 
Suvdcnbory, True Christian Keligion (trans.), iv. 
i + -al.~\ Of or pertaining to the proptrry- 
i: as, the propterygial basale. 
propngner 
Their character U the majestic prnprium of their per- 
sonality. Kiuknrll, Nature and the Supernal.. II. 
Religion has had bat one legitimate spiritual aim, 
namely, the softening of the selfhood or proprium which 
man derives from nature. 
//. Jama, Subs, and Shad., p. 250. 
proproctor (pro-prok'tor), w. [< pro- + prof- 
tor.] In English universities, an assistant 
proctor. 
props 1 (props), n. pi. 1. A gambling game in 
vogue about 
1850-60, espe- 
cially in Bos- 
ton. It was, In 
effect, a crude sort 
of dice-throwing. ^ss^lssssV 1m*- 
Small shells were 
aO a L&i ^f mmmi j 
down and their 
hollows filled 
with sealing-wax. 
Four of these 
shellswereshaken Shelh used In the Cme at froot. 
in the hand and 
thrown on a table, the stake being won or lost according 
to the number of red or white sides coming up. 
2. The shells used in this game. 
props 2 (props), M. [Short for prnprrtien(-man).] 
The property-man of a theater. [Theatrical 
slang.] 
The property-man, or, as he Is always called, prnpt tor 
short. .\>ir York Tribune, July 14, 1889. 
prop-stay (prop'sta), n. In xtruiii and pneu- 
matic engin., a stay used to strengthen tubes, 
water-spaces in steam-boilers, or large tubes 
and annular spaces in air-tanks, and resist 
pressure tending to collapse or rupture after 
the manner of a strut, instead of acting by ten- 
sile strength after the manner of a tie-rod. 
Where such stays pass through flues of steam-lioilers, they 
are usually made tubular, thus permitting water to How 
through them as a protection from overheating, while at 
the same time their exteriors become more or leas effective 
heating-surfaces. The so-called Calloway boiler is a good 
example of the use of tubular prop-stays. 
propterygial (pro-te-rij'i-al), a. [< proptmj- 
gitim + -al.] 
gium: 
propteryginm"(pf6-te"-rij'i-um), .; pi. prnji 
ryyia (-ft). [NL. (Gegenbaur), < Ij.pro, before, 
+ NL. pterygium, q. v.] In iclith., the fore- 
most one of three basal cartilages which the 
pterygium of a fish, as an elasmobranch, may 
present. See pterygium. 
The peculiar form of the [pectoral | fin in the Kay ls due 
to the great development of the pmpterytjium. 
Gegenbaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 478. 
proptosed (prop'tdst), a. [< 'proptose, r. (< 
proptonis), + -frf 2 .] Prolapsed. [Rare.] 
A small portion of the bladder wall was proptt*eil 
through the deficient neck. Lancet, No. S46, p. 246. 
proptosis (prop-to'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. irpoirrw- 
ovf, a fall forward, < irpmriirrctv, fall forward. 
< n-po, before, 4- irinrf/v, fall.] Prolapse or pro- 
trusion, as of the eyeball. 
propugnt (pro-pun'), r. t. [< OF. 'nropugner = 
Pg. propugnar = It. propugnare, \ L. propuij- 
nare, go forth to fight, fight for, defend, < pro, 
forth, before, + pugnare, fight : see pugxaeioux. 
Cf. ej-pugn. impugn, oppugn.] To fight for; de- 
fend; vindicate. 
Thankfulness is our meet tribute to those sacred cham- 
pions for propuyniwf of our faith. Hammond. 
propugnaclet (pro'pug-na-kl), n. [< OF. pro- 
pugnacle, also jtropugnaeule = Sp. propugnd- 
eulo = Pg. propugnaculo = It. propvgnaeolo. 
propugrutfulo, < L. propugnaeulum, a bulwark, 
rampart, defense, < propugnare, fight or con- 
tend for: see propugn.] Same as propugnaeu- 
lum. 
Rocbel [La Rochelle) was the chlefest PropuonacU of 
the Protestants there. Uotrett, Letters, I. v. 8. 
propugnaeulum (pro-pug-nak'u-lum), n.; pi. 
propugnacula (-la). [L. : see propugnacle.] A 
bulwark; a defense. 
The Roman colonies were thus not merely valuable as 
prvpuanacula of the state. Kncyc. Brit., VI. 158. 
propngnationt (pro-pug-na'shon), *. [= It. 
propugiiiiziinie, < L. propugnatio(n-), a defense, 
vindication, < propiignare, pp. propugnattm, 
fight or contend for: see propugn?] Defense. 
What propuynation is in one man's valour, 
To stand the push and enmity of those 
This quarrel would excite? 
Shot., T. and C., ii. 2. 156. 
propugnert (pro-pu'ner), n. [Also propugn- 
or; < OF. 'propugnror. also propugnattur, < 
L. projtvgnator, a defender, < propugnare, de- 
fend: see propugn.] A defender; a vindica- 
tor. 
