propugner 
Zealous prafuffnm are they of their native creed. 
Ooternmtnt of t V Tonyue. 
He | Plutarch | was an enrnest propugnnr of another third 
prlnci|.l< Cudteorth, Intellectual System, p. 216. 
propulsationt (pro-pul-sa'shon), n. [< L. pro- 
pulnatio(n-), a driving forth',' a repulse, < pro- 
pulmire, pp. promilxatiui, drive forth, ward off : 
see propulseT] The act of driving away or re- 
pelling; the keeping at a distance. 
The just cause of war Is the propagation of public in- 
juries. Bp. Hall, Cases of Conscience, 111. 8. 
propulset (pro-pills'), . t. [= Pg. propulsar = 
It. )irt>inilsnre, < L. propnlsare, drive forth, ward 
off, tTt*i[.nf i>n>]tellere, pp. propulsus, drive forth, 
|insh before, < pro, forward, before, + pellere, 
drive: see ;,/.!.] To repel ; drive off ; keep 
away. 
Perceavyng that all succours were clerely estopped and 
jtropulted from them, and so brought into utter despaire 
of aide or comfort. Hall, Hen. VII., f. 23. (Hattiteell.) 
propulsion (pro-pul'shon), n. [< F. propulsion 
= Sp. propulxion = Pg. propulsSo, < ML. *pro- 
inilnio(u-), < L. propellere, pp. propulsus, drive 
forth: see propulse, propel?] 1. The act of 
propelling or driving forward; impulse given. 
The reasonable soul and all Its faculties are In children, 
will and understanding, passions, and powers of attraction 
and propuliion. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1836), I. 181. 
Ood works In all things ; all obey 
His first propulsion. Whitlier. 
2. Inpatliol., same as paralysis festinaiw Mod- 
ulus of propulsion. Bee modulus. 
propulsity (pro-pul'si-ti), n. [< L. propulsus. 
pp. of propellere, propel (see propulse), + -4ty.] 
Propulsion; motive power. 
It euer was ; that was ere Time had roome 
To stirre iUelfe by Heau'n's >vropulgity. 
Daciei, Suinma Totalis, p. 10. (Dame*.) 
propulsive (pro-pul'siv), a. [< propulse + -ice.] 
Tending or having power to propel ; driving or 
urging on. 
The propulsive movement of the verse. Coleridge. 
Two propulsive forces, which appear to have overcome 
the body's Inertia, and to have Imparted to It a rapid mo- 
tion. ./. Sully, Sensation and Intuition, p. 24. 
propulsory (pro-pul'so-ri), a. [< propulse + 
-or//.] Same tutpropiuiive. 
propupa (pro-pu'pil), M. [NL., < Ij.pro, before, 
+ NL. pupil.] A'stage of development of cer- 
tain insects, intermediate between the larva 
and the pupa. Also called semipupa. 
prop-wood (prop'wud), n. 1. Saplings and 
copse-wood suitable for cutting into props. 
2. Short stout lengths of fir and other wood 
used for propping up the roofs of collieries. 
propygidium (pro-pi-jid'i-ura), .; pi. propy- 
giilia (-ii). [NL., < Gr. irp6, before, + mrf, 
rump, -f- dim. -ifW. Ct.pygidiuni.] \nentoni.. 
the penultimate or subterminal dorsal segment 
of the abdomen : especially used in describing 
those beetles whose elytra do not reach to the 
end of the abdomen. 
propylaeum (prop-i-le'um), n.; pi. propylaa 
(-ii). [L., also propylteon, <Gr. ir/xmi>fcum, usu- 
ally in pi. irpoKufaua, a gateway, an entrance, 
neut. of jr^xMri'Jjiiof, before a gate, < irpA, be- 
fore, + wv/j/, a gate.] An important architec- 
tural vestibule or entrance to a sacred inclo- 
4784 
products of the destructive distillation of organic mat- 
ters, and Is produced artificially by the notion of phos* 
phorus iodide on glycerin, and In other ways. 
propylite (prop'i-lit), . [80 called because 
supposed to have opened a new era in volcanic 
geology, or to have opened the Tertiary volcan- 
ic epoch; < Gr. vp6nv>.ov, a gateway (see pri>i/- 
lon), + -ite 2 .] In litltol., the name given by 
Richthofen to a volcanic rock occurring in and 
considered by him as characteristic of vari- 
ous important silver-mining regions, especial- 
ly those of Washoe (in Nevada) and Hungary, 
ft Is a considerably altered form of andesite, or of some 
Igneous rock more or less nearly related to it. The meta- 
morphlsm which was displayed In the formation of the 
metalliferous deposits of these regions was also attended 
by great changes In the Inclosing and associated rocks. 
Also called greendone trachyte. 
I hope shortly to be able to describe some of the chief 
types of these rocks, . . . their altered forms (the propy- 
litet), and their Plutonic representatives (diorites and 
quartz-diorites). Quart. Jour. Oeol. Sue., XLV. 201. 
propylitic (prop-i-lit'ik), a. [< propylite + 
-ic.] Related to or characteristic of propylite. 
These rocks . . . may be traced undergoing certain 
changes due to both deep-seated and surface action, and 
also exhibiting Interesting examples of the so-called prop- 
ylitic modification. Quart. Jour. Oeol. Soc., XLV. 179. 
propylon (prop'i-lon), . [L.,< Gr. irp&trvfay. a 
gateway, a vestibule, < vp6, before, + Kvh), 
gate. Of. propylteiim.] In anc. Egypt, arch., a 
monumental gateway, usually between two 
Propylon at Kamak, 
A. plan of the propjrlxn of the Acropolis of Athens and Temple of 
Nike Aptenis. a they stood in I'ericles's time ; It. wing*, never com- 
pleted, which formed part of the original project of Mnesklei ; C, the 
earlier propylara of Onion nsMVMby Pericles: n, Roman pedestal 
of Affrippa : K. ancient IVlawic wall of the primitive fortification of 
the Acropolis : F. rampara of the Periclean citadel. 
sure or other precinct, as that of the Acropolis 
of Athens, or that of the sanctuary of Eleusis: 
usually in the plural. In Its origin It was a strongly 
fortified gateway, but It became developed Into an orna- 
mental structure, often rlalwrate and magnificent, with 
which were combined gates of more or less defensive 
strength. 
propylene (pn>p'i-len), *. [< prop(ia*ic) + -yl 
+ -<ni.\ A i;:isenns hydrocarbon (C S H 8 ), be- 
longing to the series of olennes. It Is one of the 
towers in outline like truncated pyramids, of 
which one or a series stood before the actual 
entrance or pylon of most temples or other im- 
portant buildings. 
At F.ssahna, (ill-shell, and Dandour, the cells of the tem- 
ple have been excavated from the rock, but their courts 
and propylon* are structural buildings added in front* 
J. Feryuuon, Hist. Arch., I. 120. 
prora (pro'rft), . ; pi. prone (-re). [NL., < L. 
prora, the fore part of a ship : see prore.] The 
prow or point of a eymba, or C-shaped sponge- 
spicule. When lobed or alate, the prone are 
called pteres. See pterc. fiollas. 
proral (pro'ral), a. [< prora + -til.'] Of or per- 
taining to the prone of a cymba: as, proral 
pteres. Sollas. 
pro rata (pro ra't*). [ML. : L. pro, for, in ac- 
cordance with; ML. raid, abl. sing, of rata, rate: 
see rate 2 .] In proportion. 
pro-ratable (pro-ra'ta-bl), a. [< pro-rate + 
-able."] Capable of being pro-rated. [U. 8.] 
pro-rate (pro-rat'), v. [< pro rata.] I. trans. 
To assess pro rata; distribute proportionally. 
[U. 8.] 
II. in trans. To make arrangement or agree- 
ment on a basis of proportional distribution. 
A general circular was Issued from the Santa Fe head- 
quarters yesterday giving notice to all Hues doing bust- 
nets between the Missouri River and St. Louis that it ill 
hereafter refuse to proratf with them on shipments of 
grain and live stock. Sew 1'urt Tribune, June 6, 1890. 
prore (pror), . [< L. prom, < Gr. xpQpa, the 
prow of a shin, < nyxi, before, in front. Cf. 
2 , a doublet of prore.] The prow or fore 
part of a ship. [Poetical and rare.] 
There no vessel with vermilion prorr, 
Or bark of traffic, glides from shore to shore. 
Pope, Odyssey, ix. 146. 
The tall ship, whose lofty prore 
shall never stem the billows more. 
Scoff, I. of the L., vi. IS. 
prorogue 
prorector (pro-rek'tor), n. [< L. pro, for, in- 
stead of, + rector, a'govemor, a ruler: see rec- 
tor.'] An officer in a German university who 
represents the rector, or who is next in au- 
thority to the directing officer. 
prorectorate (pro-rek'tor-at), n. [< prorector 
+ -ateS.] The office of a prorector. 
prorenal (pro-re'nal), a. [< L. pro, for, be- 
fore, + rcnes, the kidneys: see renal.] Existing 
or acting instead of or prior to the definite 
formation of a kidney ; of or pertaining to the 
segment al organ, or primitive kidney. 
The pro-renal (segmental) duct ; a conspicuous thick- 
walled tube seen, on either side, lying within the somatic 
mesoblast. 
IttaUy and Martin, Elementary Biology, p. 169. 
pro re nata (pi'6 re na'tji). [L. : pro, for, ac- 
cording to; re, abl. sing, of res, thing, affair, 
circumstance ; nata, abl. sing. fern, of natus, 
pp. of nanci, be born, arise, originate: see na- 
tal 1 .] For some contingency that arises un- 
expectedly or out of duo course. A pro re nata 
meeting, for Instance, Is one called not at the stated lime 
of meeting, but on account of the emergence of some oc- 
currence or circumstance rec|tiiring it. 
proreptiont (pro-rep'shon), ii. [< L. proreptiix, 
pp. 01 prorettere, creep forth, come out, < pro, 
forward, before, + repere, creep, crawl : see re- 
penfi, reptile.] A creeping on. Imp. Diet. 
prorez (pro'reks), . [< L. pro, for, instead of, 
+ rer, king : see ret.] A viceroy. [Rare.] 
Create him I'm.,, r of all Africa. 
Marlmre, Tamburlalne, I., 1. 1. 
proritationt, . [< L. as if *nroritatio(n-), < 
proritare, provoke, < pro, forth, + "ritare, as 
in irritare, excite, provoke, irritate: see irri- 
tate 1 .] Provocation ; challenging. 
Your Malmontdes, after all your proritation, holds no 
other than fair terms with our Samaritan Chronicle. 
Dp. Hall, Works, X. 399. (Daoiet.) 
Prorodon (pro'ro-don), 11. [NL. (Ehrenberg), < 
Gr. 7iyIyxj, prow (see prore), -I- 6<5oiV (o<Wr-) = 
E. tooth.] The typical genus of the family 
I'rorodontitlte, with tenninal mouth and armed 
pharynx. There are many species, mostly of 
fresh water, as P. nireus; 1'. marinas is found 
in salt water. 
Prorodontidae (pro-ro-don'ti-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< J'roroilon (-<lont-) 4- -/.] A family of ho- 
lotrichous ciliate infusorians, named from the 
genus Prorodon, of symmetrical oval or cylin- 
dric figure, with Intend or terminal mouth and 
a distinct pharynx, usually plicate or armed 
with rod-like teeth. It corresponds to Perty's 
Dectcria, but is more restricted. W. S. Kent. 
prorogate (pro'ro-gat), r. t. ; pret. and pp. pro- 
royiitfd, ppr. prorogating, [(.\i.proroyiit\iit, pp. 
of prorogart, prolong, extend, defer : see pro- 
r<H/ue.] To prorogue ; put off. Brougham. 
prorogation (pro-ro-ga'shon), >i. [< F. proro- 
nation = Sp. proniyaeion = Pg. proroyn^So = 
It. proroga;ionc, < L. prorogatio(n-), an exten- 
sion, a putting off, < prorogare, pp. proroga- 
tus, prolong, extend: see prorogue.] 1. The 
act of continuing, prolonging, or protracting ; 
continuance in time or duration; a lengthening 
put to a distant time ; prolongation ; the delay- 
ing of action upon anything. 
When they preferred another law for the pmrnyation of 
the provinces and armies which Ciestir demanded, Cato 
would speak no more to the people to hinder it. 
North, tr. of Plutarch, p. 661. 
Patriarchal promyationn of existence. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 253. 
2. The act of proroguing; more specifically, 
the right which belongs to the British crown, 
exercised by its ministers, of terminating a 
session of Parliament ; also, the exercise of that 
right. 
But it now seems to be allowed that a prorogation must 
be expressly made In order to determine the smitnn. 
HlarMone, Com., I. II. 
The power of prorogation either before or after the day 
of meeting rested with the king. 
Stiibhi, Hist Kng., I 296. 
Prorogation of a judge's jurisdiction, a judge's adju- 
dication by consent of parties on matters pro)>eil> outside 
his jurisdiction. Prorogation of a lease, the exten- 
sion of a lease. = Byn. 2. itrcem, Itutnlvtimt, etc. See ad- 
journment. 
prorogue (pro-rog'), r. /.; pret. and pp. /<,- 
rogued, ppr. proroguing. [Early mod. K. /(/.- 
roge; < OF. prorngmr. f.vronflfm&p. \'K- 
prorogar = It. prorogiifr, < I,. priiriH/iin: pru- 
long, protract, extend, continue, defer, < pro, 
forth, + riM/nn, a-k : see r<ii/titinn.] If. To 
prolong; protract. 
Well proroyue his expectation, then, a little . 
K. Jnnnon, Kvery Man in \\\* Iliimonr, 111. 1. 
M Irt h prorogue* life. Kurt on. 
