Proteina 
cules illustrate the two divisions. See cat un- 
der nnttrha. 
proteinaceousfpro'te'-i-na'shius), a. [(.protein 
+ -aceous.'] Resembling, containing, or con- 
sisting of protein. Also proteinous. 
Digestion that Is, solution of the proteinaeeout and 
other nutritive matters contained In food. 
Hujctfi/ atul Martin, Klein. Biology, xi. 
Proteininse (pro'te-i-ni'ue), n. pi. [NL.,< Pro- 
teinus + -i/ue.] A' subfamily of Staphylinidse or 
rove-beetles, typified by the genus Proteiiius. 
Also Proteinina, Proteinini. 
proteinous (pro'te-i-uus), . [< protein + -ous.~] 
Same as proteinaceous. 
Proteinus (pro-te-i'nus), . [NL. (Latreille, 
1796).] The typical genus of the subfamily 
Proteininte, having the elytra mostly covering 
the abdomen, and somewhat perfoliate anten- 
nas inserted before the eyes. 
Proteles (prot'e-lez), n. [NL. (Geoffroy, ), 
irreg. so called as having five toes on the fore 
feet, lit. 'complete in front,' < Or. TT/JO, before, 
in front, + rt/of, end. Cf. Ateles, Brachyteles, 
words of like formation.] The only genus of 
the family Protelidee, containing one species, 
the aardwolf or earthwolf of South Africa, P. 
lalandi. See cut under aardwolf. 
Protelidae (pro-tel'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Prote- 
les + -idw.J A family of nyeniform seluroid 
carnivorous quadrupeds, of the order Ferte, 
typified by the genus Proteles, having 32 teeth, 
very small and distant molars, no functional- 
i/i-'l sectorial molars, the feet digitigrade, and 
the fore feet five-toed. 
pro tem. An abbreviation otpro tempore. 
protembryo (pro-tem'bri-6), n. [NL., < Gr. 
vpuTOf, first, 4- epfipvov, embryo.] A stage of 
the ova of metazoic animals which is parallel 
with the adult colonies of certain protozoans: 
the monoplast of Lankester, or amjihimorula of 
Haeckel, including the monoplacula and diplo- 
placula of Hyatt. Hyatt, Proc. Host. Soc. Nat. 
Hist, Nov. 16, 1887. 
protembryonic (pro-tem-bri-on'ik), a. [<.pro- 
tembryo(n-) + -ie.] Of or pertaining to a pro- 
tembryo. 
Protemnodon (pro-tern 'no -don), n. [NL. 
(Owen, 1874), < Gr. vpori/iveiv, cut short, + o 
' 
Proteoiefas brvinftj. 
m, mouth ; f. ft, pedun- 
cle and antenna: t, *, 
vesicula semiiialis anil 
penis. 
(OOOVT-) = E. tooth.'] A genus of fossil diproto- 
dont marsupials from the late Tertiary of Aus- 
tralia. 
pro tempore (pro tem'po-re). [L.: pro, for; 
tempore, abl. sing, of tempus, time: see tempo- 
ran.'] For the time being; temporary: as, a 
secretary pro tempore. Abbreviated pro tem. 
protencephalon (pr6-ten-sef'a-lon),n.; pl.pro- 
tencephala (-la). [NL., < Gr. 7iy>i>rof, first, + 
kyuiQa'fjx;, the brain.] The fore-brain: divided 
into protencephalon jtrimarium, the fore-brain 
proper, or prosencephalon, and proteneejthalon 
secundarium, the tnalamencephalon or dien- 
cephalon. Rabl-Ruckard, 1884. See cuts under 
encephalon and Petromyzontidx. 
protenchyma (pro-teng'ki-ma), n. [NL., < Gr. 
nyjurof, first, + iyxvpa, an infusion (see paren- 
chyma).'] In IHI/.. a term used by Niigeli for all 
tissues except the fibrovascular (epenchyma) 
including, therefore, the primary meristem, epi- 
dermal tissue, and fundamental tissue of Sachs. 
See fundamental cells, under fundamental. 
The protenchyma of Nagell therefore iplIU op, accord- 
Ing to me, Into three kinds of equal value with his epen- 
cbyma. Sacht, Botany (trans.), p. 103. 
protend (pro-tend'), r. t. [= It. protendere, < 
L. protendere, stretch forth or out, < pro, forth, 
forward, + tendere, stretch, extend: see tend. 
Cf. portend.'] To hold out; stretch forth; ex- 
tend forward : used especially of a spear. 
He spoke no more, but hasten 'd, void of fear, 
And threaten d with his long protended spear. 
Drytlen, .fcntid, x. 
Thy fate was next, O Phaestus ! doom VI to feel 
The great Idomeneus' protended steel. 
Pope, Iliad, T. 68. 
From hill to hill he hies, 
His staff jtrntriutiivj like a hunter's spew, 
Or by its aid leaning from crag to crag. 
Wordneorth, Prelude, viii. 
protenset (pro-tens'), n. [Irreg. tor pretension, 
q. v.] Extension; drawing out. [Rare.] 
Begin, Clio! and recount from hence 
My glorious Soveralnes goodly ancestrye, 
Till that by dew degrees, and \tmgprotente, 
Thou have It lastly brought unto her Excellence. 
Spenter, V. y., III. 111. 4. 
pretension (pro-ten'shou), n. [< L. proten- 
itio(n-), a stretching out,"< protendere, pp. pro- 
tenu, stretch forth or out : see protend?] Tem- 
poral extension ; duration. 
4794 
Time, protemion, or protrusive quantity, called likewise 
duration, is a necessary condition of thought. 
Sir W. Hamilton, Discussions, Appendix L (A). 
protensity (pro-ten'si-ti), n. [< L. jtrotensus, 
pp. of protendere, stretch forth or out (see pro- 
tfiid), + -ity.] The character of being proten- 
sive or of taking up time. 
protensive (pro-ten'siv), a. [< L. protensus, pp. 
of protendere, stretch forth or out (see protend), 
+ -ire.] Drawn out in one dimension; ex- 
tended; stretching forward. 
Examples of this sudden effort, and of this Instantaneous 
desisting from the attempt, are manifested in the exten- 
slve sublime of space, and in the protengive sublime of 
time. Sir W. Hamilton, Metaph., xlvi. 
Protensive quantity. See quantity. 
Proteolepadids (pro'te-o-le-pad'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Proteolepas (-ad-) + -d.] A family of 
apodal cirripeds, represented by the genus Pro- 
teolepas. 
Proteolepas (pro-te-ol'e-pas), n. [NL., < Pro- 
teus (see Proteus, 3) + Gr. teirdj, a limpet: see 
Lepas.] The single known genus of the cirriped 
group Apoda. p. trimncta is 
about one fifth of an inch long, and 
resembles the larva of an insect. It 
ia a parasite of another cirriped, 
Alepas cr nut a. 
proteolysis (pro-te-ol'i-sis), 
n. fNL., < prote(id) + 
Gr. Xi'o-ff, dissolving.] The 
change effected in proteids 
during their digestion. 
proteolytic (pro'te-o-lit'ik), 
a. [ < proteolysis (-lyt-) + 
-ic.] Pertaining to prote- 
olysis, or the digestion of 
proteids. 
Proteomyxa (pro'te-o-mik'- 
8&), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. H/XJ- 
Tti'f, Proteus, + uvfa, slime, 
mucus: see mucus.] Lan- 
kester's uame of a so-called 
class of gymnomyxine Pro- 
tozoa, containing a great many of the lowest 
protozoans, of negative characters, insufficient- 
ly known, or not satisfactorily referred to any 
definable group. The name Is a formal expression 
of ignorance upon the subject. Many of the so-called 
Proteomyxa are usually referred to other and more defi- 
nite groups, especially the Mycetozoa. The Mantra of 
Haeckel, In so far as they are proper persons at all, come 
under this head. The group Is also called I*rote.ana. 
proter (pro'ter), M. [Appar. a var. oiproker, by 
confusion with poter, (pote, poke.] A poker. 
Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.J 
proterandrous (prot-e-rau'drus), a. [< protc- 
randr-y + -ous.~] In "hot. and roo/., exhibiting 
or characterized by proteraudry. Also protan- 
drotts. 
Certain Individuals mature their pollen before the fe- 
male flowers on the same plant are ready for fertilization, 
and are called proterandrous ; whilst conversely other In- 
dividuals, called proterogynous, have their stigmas mature 
before their pollen Is ready. 
Danrin, Different Forms of Flowers, p. 10. 
proterandry (prot-e-ran'dri), n. [< Gr. vporc- 
pof, being before, fore, former, + aviip (avSp-), 
male (in mod. bot. stamen).] 1. In hot., the 
maturation of the anthers and the discharge of 
the pollen in a hermaphrodite flower before 
the stigmas of that flower are receptive of 
pollen: an adaptation for cross-fertilization. 
Compare proteroyyny, and see dichogamy and 
heteracmy. 2. In zodl., development of male 
parts or maturation of male products in her- 
maphrodite animals before the development or 
maturation of those of the opposite sex. 
If the polypldes are unisexual, then the proterandry 
refers only to the colony as a whole. 
W. A. llerdman, Nature, XXXVII. 218. 
Also protandry. 
proteranthous (prot-e-ran'thus), a. [< Gr. 
TTporepnc,, fore, + avdof, flower.] In hot., noting 
a plant whose flowers appear before the leaves. 
Asa Gray. 
proterobase (prot'e-ro-bas), n. [< Gr. irportpof, 
fore, -I- flaatc, base.'] 'The name given by GUm- 
bel to a Paleozoic eruptive rock resembling dia- 
base in composition, but being in a somewhat 
more advanced stage of alteration than are the 
varieties of the rock ordinarily designated by 
that name. The term proterftbane has also been used by 
other llthologists, generally with reference to rocks of the 
dlabasic type, but In a highly altered condition. 
Proteroglossa (prot'e-ro-glos'B), . pi. [NL., 
< Gr. jrpfrei>of, fore, 4- j 'Auaaa, tongue : gee gloss 3 .'] 
In Gttnther's classification, one of three prime 
divisions of salient batrachians, having the 
tongue free in front, represented by the family 
protest 
Ithinophryuidfe: correlated with Aglossa and 
Opis tniHjlimKa . 
proteroglossate (prot'e-ro-glos'at), a. [< Pro- 
teroglossa + -ate 1 .] Having the tongue free in 
front, as a batrachiau ; pertaining to the Pro- 
teroglossa, or having their characters. 
proteroglyph (prot e-ro-glif ), n. A venomous 
serpent of the group" Proteroglypha. 
Proteroglypha (prot-e-rog'h-fe), n. pi. [NL. 
(P. Proteroglyphes, Dumeril and Bibron), < Gr. 
irporepof, fore. + yMipetv, carve.] A suborder 
or other division of Ophidia, containing venom- 
ous cobrifortn serpents whose anterior maxil- 
lary teeth are grooved or perforate and suc- 
ceeded by smooth solid teeth, and whose maxil- 
lary bones are horizontal and do not reach the 
premaxillaries : thus contrasted with the crotali- 
form venomous snakes, or Xolenoylyphii. Though 
the general aspect of these snakes Is colubrfne, or like that 
of harmless serpenU, they are all poisonous, and some of 
them are among the most deadly of all thanatophidians. 
The families Elapida, tiajidte, Dendrann<iidir, and Hydro- 
phida compose the Proteroglypha. Also Proteroylyphia. 
proteroglyphic (prot'e-ro-glif'ik), a. [< Pro- 
teroglypha + -if.] Of or pertaining to the Pro- 
teroglypha. 
proterogynous (prot-e-roj'i-nus), a. [< prote- 
rogyn-y + -ous.~] In bot., exhibiting or charac- 
terized by proterogyny. See extract under pro- 
terandrous. 
proterogyny (prot-e-roj'i-ni), n. [< Gr. irpAre- 
oof, fore, + yvvfi, female (in mod. bot. pistil).] 
In bot., the maturation of the stigmas in a her- 
maphrodite flower before the anthers in that 
flower have matured their pollen. It is an 
adaptation for cross-fertilization. Compare 
proterandry, and see dichogamy. 
proterosaur (prot'e-ro-sar), n. A reptile of the 
family Proterosaundx. 
Proterosauria(prot'e-ro-8a'ri-a), n.pl. [NL., 
see Proterosaurus.~] One of the major divisions 
of the Lacertilia, a fossil group consisting of 
some of the oldest known reptiles, whose re- 
mains occur in rocks of the Permian formation 
in Thuringia and in those of corresponding age 
in England: no later representatives of the 
group are known. It Is typified by the genus Pnte- 
roiaurut, based upon the Thurlnglan lizard, which attained 
a length of 6 or 7 feet. 
proterosaurian (profe-ro-sa'ri-au), a. aud n. 
I. . Of or pertaining to the Proterosauria. 
II. n. A member of the Proterosauria; a 
proterosaur. 
Proterosauridae (profe-ro-sa'ri-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Prottrosaurus +'-id.~] A family of fos- 
sil saurians, based on the genus Proteronaurus. 
Proterosaurns (prot'e-ro-sa'rus), . [NL., < 
Gr. irpuTcpof, fore, + aai/Mf, lizard.] The ge- 
nus represented by the fossil monitor of Thu- 
ringia, which also occurs in the Durham Per- 
mian rocks. It was long the earliest known 
fossil reptile. 
Proterospongia (prot'e-ro-spon'ji-ft), n. [NL., 
< Gr. xpvTeitof, fore, + oirojjdi, a sponge.] A 
genus of choanoflagellate animalcules, founded 
by Saville Kent on the form Protospongia, placed 
by him in a family Phalansteriida, and regarded 
as furnishing a stock-form from which, uy the 
process of evolution, all sponges might nave 
been derived. A species is named P. haeckeli. 
protervity (pro-ter'vi-ti), n. ; pi. proterritieg 
(-tiz). [< OF. protervite = Sp. proterridad = 
It. protervita, < L. j>roterr>ta(f-)*/boldnes8, im- 
pudence, < proterrus (> It. Sp. Pg. proterco = 
OF. proterve), violent, wanton, proo. < prote- 
rere, trample down, overthrow, < pro, forth, + 
terere, rub, bruise: see trite.] Peevishness; 
petulance ; wantonness. 
Companion to T. Becket in his exile, but no partner In 
his nriiti rriln :iK':un-t lii~ I'lin.'r. 
fuller, Worthies, Wilts, II. 442. (Daniel.) 
In his (Victor Hugo's] poems and plays there are the 
same unaccountable protervities that have already aston- 
ished us in the romances. 
K. L. Steventon, Victor Hugo's Romances. 
protest (pro-test'), v. [< F. protester = 8p. Pg. 
protestor = It. protestare, < L. protestari, pro- 
testare, declare in public, bear witness, < pro, 
before, forth, + testari, bear witness, < testis, a 
witness, one who attests: see tesft."] I. trans. 
1. To make a solemn declaration or affirma- 
tion of; bear witness or testimony to; assert; 
asseverate; declare: as, lo protest one's inno- 
cence. 
Verily he |I>. Barnes] pntented openly at st Mary's 
Hiiital, the Tuesday In Easter week, that he was never of 
that mind. Coterdale, Kemalns (Parker Soc.\ p. 341. 
To think upon her woes I do protect 
That I have wept a hundred several limes. 
Shot.,?. O. of V.,lv. 4. 149. 
