Proteus 
IT'.Mi 
and Tethys, who had the power of assuming the spore in the higher cryptogams, and which 
different shapes. 2. [NL.] A genus of tailed bears the sexual organs (anthendia and archego- 
amphibians, typical of the family I'rotiiil/e, ilia). Itlsrarelymorethanonetenthofanlnchlnlength, 
Is composed of cellular tissue, and bears the antheridla 
and arcnegonla on Its under surface. After fertilization the 
oosphere remains for a time within the archegonlnm, and 
proceeds to grow by the ordinary processes of cell-multi- 
plication, until finally It breaks through the walls of tin 
archegonium differentiated into its first root and leaf. 'I In 
young plant continues to draw its nourishment for a time 
from the prothallfum, but It soon develops root-hairs 
which extend into the soil and render it independent of 
the prothallium, which, having accomplished Its purpose, 
withers away. See/ern', Miitci, Ophiuglomacea. Also 
pratliaUwt, prottithalltu. 
prothalloid (pro-thal'oid), a. [< protlialt-iuni 
+ -oiY/.l In bol., resembling a prothallium. 
Prothalloid branch. Same as proembryonie branch 
(which see, under proembryotue). 
prothallus (pro-thal'us), n.; pi. protltalli (-i). 
[NL., < L. pro, before, + NL. thallus.] Same 
as prothtilliinn. 
Protista 
Can I not tin but thou wilt be 
My private protanotanef 
Uerriek, To his Conscience. 
Specifically (a) Originally, the chief of the notaries ; now. 
In the Rom. Calh. ('*.. one of a college of twelve (formerly 
seven) ecclesiastics charged with the registry of acU, 
proceedings relating to canonization, etc. (6) In the Gr. 
C'/i., the chief secretary of the patriarch of Constantino- 
ple, who superintends the secular work of the provinces. 
(c) In lav, a chief clerk of court ; formerly, a chief clerk 
In the Court of Common 1'leas and in the King's Bench. 
Prothonotary warbler, /Vrtomrfaria citrea, a small mi- 
gratory Insectivorous bird of North America belonging to 
the family SylcicMir or MniutiUidir. It is a beautiful 
warbler, of a rich yellow color, passing by degrees through 
olivaceous to bluish tints on the rump, wings, and tall, 
Pratfitt anfHuius. 
established by Laurenti in 1768. 3f. [NL.] 
In Protozoa, a genus of animalcules, based as 
, as /iromum. 
such by O. F. Mailer in 1786 upon the proteus prothelminth (pro-thel'minth), . [< Gr. 
arlier writers, as -or, first, + Ityaif (ftyivt)-), a wo 
or protean animalcule of earli 
Rosel, 1755. The genus ls the &ame as Amoeba, a com- 
worm: see hel- 
minth.] A ciliate or flagellate infusorian; any 
mon species of which is named Amatm proteui. This member of the Prothelmintha, regarded as rep- 
EsffiS^iyasSs.^^ 
i i-nti, for, although the name protewi was first applied to Prothelmintha (pro-thel-min thft), n.pl. [NL. : 
these animalcules, it was given at a time when genera, in see protlieliiiinth.] An order of protozoan ani- 
u^zoohiy" 1 S cuf und e er e ^S. d " Ot ^^ e8tabl ' 8hed malcules named by K. M. Diesing ( 1865) as fore- 
4t. [/. c.] An animalcule of 'the genus Proteus shadowing or pretypifying the lowest worms of 
(or Anxeba); an amoaba. the me ta x io series, as the turbellanans. The 
proteUS-animalcillet(pr6'tus-an-i-markul),,i. Sor^lmtT.du^ 
Same as protrux, 4. forms, excepting VurticeUida! and Steiitoridtr, and is thus 
protevangelium (pro-te-van-jel'i-um), . [<Gr. nearly synonymous with Infusoria. See cut under Para- 
jrourof, first, + evayr&jmi, gospel : see evangel.] ""'""'" . 
The earliest announcement of the gospel! re- Prothelminthic (pro-thel-mm'thik), a. 
ferring to Gen. iii. 15. Also called protof/o.^rl. SJS^r,l 
The Messianic promises and hopes which run like a gold- /;,/,., / ft n 
en thread from the protemngelimn In paradise lost to the mam, 
voice of John the Baptist. prothelmiS (pro-thel'mis), . [NL., < Gr. Kpu- 
Schaff, Hist. Chiist. church, I. 8 17. Tor, first, + i'/fiif, a worm.] A hypothetical 
pretext (pro'tekst), n. [< L. pro, before, + primitive worm, the entire body of which is 
textus, text. Cf. context.} That part of a dis- supposed to have permanently consisted of 
course or writing which precedes some other f" r layers corresponding to those of the four- 
>- 
Having the character of an 
OT P 6 * 8 """* tO the PrO ' 
part referred to or quoted. 
layered germ of most animals. 
rrothoiiui.iry \Varhlei 
the last blotched witli white; the bill Is comparatively 
large, half an inch long, and black ; the length Is 6X 
inches, the extent 0}. It inhabits swamps, thickets, and 
tangle, nests on or near the ground In holes or other shel- 
tered cavities in trees, stumps, or logs, and lays four or 
five creamy-white profusely speckled eggs. 
prothonotaryship (pro-tlion'o-ta-ri-ship), n. [< 
protiumotary + -ship.] The office of a prothon- 
otary. 
prothoracic (prA-thd-ras'ik), . [< prothorax 
(-tliornr-) + -i<:] In eulom., of or pertaining to 
(lie prothora.x Prothoracic case, that part of the 
integument of pupa which covers the prothorax. Pro- 
See Baring-flonld's" Curious Mythsof theMiddle Ages," prothesis (proth'e-sis), n. [< LL. prothesin, < I 
p. 600 (ed. London, 1881), and the pretext. 
If. ond<?.,7thser., II. -.>79. 
prothalamium, prothalamion (pro-tha-la'mi- 
um, -on), n. [< Gr. irp6, before, + 0a///r, a 
bride-chamber: see ihalamv*. Cf. cpitlutlami- 
um.] A piece written to celebrate a marriage ; 
an epithalamium. 
Prothalamiun, or a Spousal! Verse, made by Edmund 
Spenser. Spriurr, Prothalamion (Title). 
When vrothalamimui prais'd that happy day 
Wherein great Dudley match'd with noble Oray. 
Itraytm, Lady Jane Gray to Lord I hidley. 
prothalli, . Plural of protlialliot. 
prothallia, . Plural of protluilliiim. 
prothallic (pro-thal'ik), a. [< protkalli-um + 
-ic.l In hot., of or relating to the prothallium. 
prothalline (pro-thal'Sii), n. [< prothallium + 
-ine>.] In hot.', similar to, characteristic of, or 
belonging to a prothallium. 
Their (spermatia's) fecundating Influence Is ... exer- 
cised on the pruthallint elements of the growing thallus. 
Kncyc. Brit., XIV. B55. 
Gr. rrp66eaif, a putting before, proposition, pur- 
pose, preposition, < xporiHtvat, put before, < irpu, 
before, + nHevnt, put, place: see thesis. Cf. 
jtriixtlii.vi.i.] 1. In the (!r. Ch.: (n) The prepa- 
ration and preliminary oblation of the euctia- 
ristic elements before tlie liturgy: more fully 
called the nfici' of prothrsin. This office Is said re 
s|Knsive]y by priest and deacon. 'I In- priest signs an ol- 
late with the holy lance, thrusts the lance into the right, 
left, upper, and lower sides of the holy lamb, lifts this 
off, cuts it crosswise, and stabs it. He then blesses the 
chalice which the deacon has prepared (mixed). Appro- 
priate prayers and verses of Scripture accompany these 
rites. lie then takes from the remainder of this and other 
oblates pyramidal pieces called portion* of the Virgin 
Mary, apostles, martyrs, etc., the living and the dead, 
commemorating these classes, and arranging the portions 
in 11 prescr|l>ed manner on the disk (paten). Incense Is 
then offered, the asterisk and veils placed over the ele- 
ments, and the prayer of prothesis said. The elements 
are left in the chapel of prothesis till taken to the altar at 
the (Jreat Entrance, (ft) Tlie table oil which this 
preparation is made (the table or altar of proth- 
esis). It answers to the Western credence- 
tablc. (r) The apartment or the part of the 
thoracic eplpleura. see epiplmra, :). Prothoracic 
legs, I In- first or anterior pnir . .i legs, sometimes alwrted, 
prothallium (pro-thal'i-um), .; pi. prothtilli 
(-ft). [NL., <L.JBTO, before, + NL! thai/us.] In bem - a O*_WetUiy in which this table is situ- 
\ "/ L ' %"/'". M*W*VJ > A^iJ. IHI(fO.I AH , , , ,. . - - - _ _ 
io<.,athalloidoophyteoritshomologue;alittle *?* an ^ th ? office " Re , d ( the '"'"'P 61 of P 1 " * 1 '- 
thalloid stmcture resembling a lichen or .!//- V: sls) -._ See *?'"'" . and . the cut there g iven --2. 
chantia, which is produced by the germination of 
In arnm., addition of one or more sounds or 
letters at the beginning of n word. Some Latin 
writers use this form for the Creek irpci<r0nc (see print- 
then*) apparently through misapprehension, and some 
modern writers prefer It as more specific. 
3. In xii rii.. prosthesis. 
prothetic (pro-thet'ik), a. [< protJiesis (-thft-) 
+ -if.] Pertaining to or exhibiting prothesis. 
prothetically (pro-thet'i-kal-i), adr. By proth- 
esis. 
Letters added prrthrticaUy. 
Trant. Amer. PMtol. At*., XVI. App. p. xxxlll. 
as In certain (nittertiies. Prothoracic shoulder- lobes, 
lobes of the prothonu which cover tlie anterior comers 
of the mesothorax. as In certain biptera : when they show 
no apparent separation from the mesothorax they are call- 
ed Khiiuklfr-cauiuritif*. 
prothoracotheca (prd-tho'ra-ka-thfi'W),*.; pi. 
prothoracotkecte(-sG). [NL.XGr. jr/i, before, + 
Huimi- (Hufxit,-), breast, T HJ,K>/, a case, box.] In 
fiitoiH., tlie prothoracic case, or that part of the 
integument of a pupa covering the prothorax. 
prothorax (pro-tho'raks), . [NL., < Gr. irpo, 
before, + Hu/xii', breast: see thorar.] In In- 
xccta, the first one of the three thoracic somites, 
which succeeds the head, is succeeded by the 
mesothorax, and bears the first pair of legs. 
In descriptions of Colfoptfra ami Ilfiniptera the term is 
often restricted to the broad shield, or pronotnm, forming 
the part of the thorax seen from aliove. In the llyinr- 
nnpttra. ZMpfcrn.and Lrfiidoptera the prothorax Is generally 
so small as to be hardly distinguishable. See cuts under 
Culfiijitera, Inufcttt, memilhtirajc, and vtftathorax. Cruci- 
ate, emarginate, lobed, etc.. prothorax. see the ad. 
jectives. 
prothyalosoma (pro-thi'a-lo-so'ma), n. ; pi. 
protityalosomata (-ma-tft). [NL., < Gr. irpurn^, 
first, + ra/or, glass, -(- au/ia, body.] Van Ben- 
eden's name (1883) of an investing portion or 
spherical envelop of the nucleolus of the nu- 
cleus of an ovum. 
prothyalosomal (pro-thi'a-lo-so'mal), a. [< 
prothyaloHoma + -(.] Of or pertaining to the 
prothyalosoma. 
prpthysteron (pro-this'te-ron), n. [< Gr. irpu- 
tti'orepov, < itfiurof, first, + {arc/x^, last. Cf. hyx- 
tfroii-protfroH.] In rliet., same as liysleron-pro- 
trron, 1. 
protichnite (pro-tik'nit), n. [< Gr. jrotrror, first, 
+ i^voc, a traclj, trace, footstep, + -itt%.] A 
fossil track or trace occurring in the Potsdam 
ML. 
prothonotary: see 
Prmkillluin and rontlf pbntlel of Plrri, Crttica : K. Ihe rhi- 
.: X. the roott. ,. S1,,,t*m rH*<r,,m , Verticil Mcllnn 
. . .,* tunt 
lk nine, but the pUnllel very younu 
; . irvhecoaui. 4. The mheri.liiim ol 
ullMrojroEU hn 
, : X*. the rim 
r . .V. ibeeKW- 
nin^niutii ni in ii IIIIIM ti ill 1 1 n ill ivuiilt i / j.i_ , 
prothonotary, protonotary ( P ro-thon'6-ta-ri, u ^l first'^'beforelrlt Cf' /*',''", 
tortwr (-ri). ' (Trop.protowotor*, fornierly'ur^ ""i 1 -^"''O. , f *"? of , th f kingdoms of """*! 
/fai* ; < ( >K. pJtt^.tair^V. prot.nllire "n^Vlie }vlc ,"''an' 1 t iT"'/'^)!, ff, or tl 
or clerk. 
. ,,o,iry: 
in- 
the 
I !i. i-n 
-it. "II i" I * > 'Tl !!*.< MMVMM^M IIIIIU IMIIK'nllll null IM . I] 
several times made before, and tin- unl.-.-llnlnr plants and 
