Psammophis 
cal genus of Pnati>n>i>liidir, having a loral plate 
and divided anal gastrostege. There are numerous 
African and Asiatic species, as /'. condananu, frequenting 
sandy places. 
Psaris (sa'ris), . [NL. (Cuvier, 1817), < Or. 
ijiip, a starling.] A genus of tityrine birds, now 
called ltti/ra. 
Fsarocolius (sar-6-ko'li-us), . [NL., < Or. 
Coptic, speckled, 4- no/.t6f, a woodpecker.] A 
very extensive genus of Ictcridie, under which 
Wagler in 1829 included a number of dissimilar 
generic types: inexactly synonymous with Ca- 
cicux and Icterus in a broad sense. 
Psaronius (sa-ro'ni-us), n. [NL.. < L. psaro- 
nius, < Gr. *Tfapui>iof, an unidentified precious 
stone, < if>ap6ft speckled, < ipA/i, a starling.] In 
fossil hot,, a genus of petrified tree-ferns. They 
have been found chiefly In the Permian, but also In the 
coal-measures. Portions of these petrified trunks have 
been cut and polished for ornamental purposes, and called 
by the name of staargtein In German, ami star- or xtarry- 
ttone In English. 
psautert, . A Middle English form of psal- 
ter. 
psautriet, A Middle English form of psal- 
tery, 
pschem, . Same aspshem. 
pschent(pschent),n. [Egypt.] lnarchol.,ihe 
sovereign crown of all Egypt, composed of the 
tall pointed miter, or white crown, of southern 
4813 
psellism (sel'izm), w. [< NL. psellisnius, < Gr. 
tyeWjafiof, a stammering, < ^v/AJetv, stammer, 
pronounce indistinctly, < ^>eAA<if, faltering in 
speech, stammering.] A defect in enunciation ; 
misenunciation. Psellism may consist in lisping, stam- 
mering, burring, hesitation, etc. It also designates defec- 
tive enunciation due to a hare-lip or defect of lip. 
psellismus (se-lis'nius), H. [NL.] Same as 
psellism. 
Psephenidae (se-feu'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 7V- 
phenus + -idx."] A family of coleopterous in- 
sects, named by Le Conte in 1861 from the 
genus Psephenus : now merged in Parnidte. 
Psephenus (se-fe'nus), w. [NL. (Haldeman, 
1853), < Gr. V'^vvoc, dark, obscure.] The typical 
genus of Psepheiti- 
i\se. Two species 
only are known, 
both of the United 
States. 
psephism(8e'nzm), 
H. [< L. psepMtma, 
< Gr. ij>i/<l>to[ia, an 
ordinance of a de- 
liberative assem- 
bly, < V"#'C f "'. 
count, reckon with 
pebbles or count- 
ers, < V70r> "l* 10 
i"/<t>if, a pebble, a 
smooth stone, < 
i/>de<v, rub.] In 
(tr. antitj., a pub- 
lic vote of an as- 
sembly, specifical- 
ly of an assembly 
of the Athenian people; a decree or statute 
enacted by such a vote. 
psephomancy (se'fo-man-si), H. [< Gr. V/9C. 
a pebble, + /lavreia, divination.] Divination 
by means of pebbles drawn from a heap. Itoget. 
Psephurus (se-fu'rus), w. [NL. (Gunther, 
18i3), < Gr. V"/0f> pebble, + or/xi, tail.] A 
genus of polyodont fishes, having six upper 
; Cross shows natural size.) 
Pschent From reliefs of the temple-court of Edfou, Egypt. 
Egypt, combined with the red crown, square in 
front and rising to a point behind, of northern 
Egypt. The two kingdoms were united by Menes, who 
founded the greatness of the Egyptian monarchy and re- 
strained the power of the priests, at the dawn of recorded 
Pselaphi (sel'a-fi), n. pi. [NL., pi. of Psela- 
phux, q. v.] In Latreille's classification, the 
third family of trimerous Coleoptera, contain- 
ing Pselaphus and Claviger as leading genera. 
It corresponds to the modern family Pselapiii- 
dse, but was differently located in the system. 
pselaphid (sel'a-fid), a. and w. I. a. Of or per- 
taining to the t'seliiphidfe. 
II. n. Any beetle of this family. 
Pselaphidae (se-laf'i-de), n. pi. [NL. (Leach, 
1817), < Pselaphus + -irfw.J An anomalous 
family of Coleoptera, typified by the genus Pse- 
laphus. They have been variously located In the Palpi- 
cornia or Clairicornia, and are now classed with the latter 
suborder. The tarsi are trimerous, the dorsal abdominal 
segments are entirely corneous, and the abdomen is fixed, 
unappendaged, and of five or six segments. They are very 
small brownish beetles, more or less pubescent, found in 
most countries in moss and ants' nests and under stones. 
The family is rich in genera and species; of the former, 
29 are represented in the 
United States. 
pselaphotheca(sel'- 
a-fo-the'ka), n. ; pi. 
pselaphotfiecee (-se). 
feel about, T fff/Ki/, a 
box, chest.] In en- 
torn., one of the two 
conical processes on 
the anterior extrem- 
ity of many butter- 
fly pupae, in which 
tne palpi are de- 
veloped. 
Pselaphus (sel'a- 
fus), w. [NL. 
(Herbst, 1792), < 
Gr. ^rr/^aiftaf, feel or 
grope about.] The '**** t 
typical genUS Of (Crossshows natural size.) 
Pselaphidx, having 
tlie tarsi single-clawed, and the maxillary pal- 
pi extremely long, the last joint club-shaped. 
It is wide-spread, but the species are not numerous, less 
than 30 being described. Only two, P. erichsoni and P. 
/o/i;/ lavu*. are found in North America north uf Mexico. 
caudal fulcra enormously developed, p. giadiu* 
Is a Chinese fresh-water species, with a long snout extend- 
ing far beyond the mouth. It attains a length of 18 feet. 
Psetta (set'ii), . [NL. (Swainsou, 1839), < L. 
psetta, < Gr'. V/ rr ". a flatfish.] A genus of 
Pleuronectidx, characterized by the broad ami 
nearly scaleless tuberculated body, whose col- 
ored side is brown with dark blotches. /'. 
maxima is the famous turbot, next in size to 
the halibut among the flatfishes. 
Psettidae (set'i-de), . pi. [NL., < Psettwi + 
-iV/>.] A family of acanthopterygian fishes, 
typified by the genus Psettus (or Monodaeti/lus). 
The body is'much compressed and elevated, the vertical 
fins are covered with scales, the dorsal has seven or eight 
spines and the anal three, and the ventrals are rudimen- 
tary. The few species are inhabitants of the Pacific and 
African coasts. See cut under I'nttlux. 
Psettinae (se-ti'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Psetta + 
-inte.] A subfamily of Pleuroiiectidee, typified 
by the genus Psetta. They have a nearly symmetri- 
cal and generally large mouth, and the ventral fins un- 
symmetrical, that of the eyed side having an extended 
base on the ridge of the ab- 
domen, while the other is 
narrower and lateral. The 
eyes are on the left side. It 
includes the turbot, brill, 
whiff, topknot, scaldflsh, 
and many other flatfishes. 
psettine (set'in), a. and 
. I. a. Of or pertain- 
ingto the Psettinse. 
II. H. Any member 
of the group Psettinx. 
Psettus (set ' us), . 
[NL. (Cuvier and Va- 
lenciennes, 1831), < Gr. 
V"7TTa, a flatfish, a 
plaice, sole, or turbot.] 
A genus of carangoid 
fishes, typical of the 
family Psettidse. P. 
argenteiis is an Indo-Pacifie species, about 10 
inches long. P. sebx is West African. 
pseud-. See pseudo-. 
pseudaconitine (su-da-kon'i-tin), n. Same as 
pseudo-aeon itine. 
pseudacusis (su-da-ku'sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ifwot/f, false, 4- aiiovaic, a hearing.] False hear- 
ing. 
Pstllm lib*. 
pseudepigrapha 
pseudaesthesia (su-des-the'si-K), . [NL., < Gr. 
i;'M'i)//c , false, + nintii/ai:-. feeling: see testltesia.] 
Imaginary or false feeling; imaginary sense 
of touch in organs that have been removed, as 
when pain is felt as if in the fingers or toes 
of an amputated limb. Also spelled pseudex- 
tlietria. 
Pseudalopex (su-da-16'peks), H. [NL. (Bur- 
meister, 1856), < Gr. V"*%> false, + ahumx, a 
fox.] A genus or subgenus of South American 
Canidte, related to Lycalopex, but further re- 
sembling foxes in having the pupil of the eye 
elliptical when contracted, as in P, azarse, P. 
magellanicus, etc. 
pseudambulacral (su-dam-bu-la'kral), a. Sim- 
ulating ambulacra or ambulacral areas, as cer- 
tain spaces observed in blastoid crinoids. 
pseudaphia (su-da'fi-6), w. [< Gr. Vf<^/r, false, 
+ Aft/, a touch : see parapltia."] Paraphia. 
pseudapostle (sud-a-pos'l), H. [< LL. pseuda- 
postolus, < LGr. ^mfairoffTo/of, a false apostle, 
< ^evif/f, false, + omioToXof, apostle: see apos- 
tle.] A false or pretended apostle. Also peti- 
do-apostle. 
For these Phtlipplan peuitapoetlr, two ways were they 
enemies to the crosse of Christ : in their doctrines, In 
their practice. /,'/. HaU, Hermon on Phil. Hi. 18, 19. 
Pseudarachnae (su'da-rak'ne), w. pi. [NL., < 
Gr. fevd$r, false, + apaxvy, a spider: see Arach- 
wirfa.] A group of arthropod animals com- 
posed by Haeckel to contain the sea-spiders, or 
Pyenogonida, and the water-bears, or Arctixea. 
In Oegenbaur's system the Ptmdaraehna are one of two 
prime divisions at Amcfinida, the other being Autarachiur. 
Also called Punularachna. See cuU under Arctiva and 
Pycnjtffonida. 
pseudarthrosis (su-diir-thro'sis), . A condi- 
tion in which, after fracture, there is failure of 
bony union, and there remains an actual joint 
or a fibrous union with slight movement. 
PseudastacUS (su-das'ta-kus), . [NL., < Gr. 
V'f i'(%, false, + aaTan6s, a lobster, crawfish : see 
Astacus.] A genus of fossil decapod crusta- 
ceans, from tlio Solenhofen slates of Bavaria, 
containing such species as P. pitsttilosiis. Also 
Pscudo-axtaeus. 
Pseudecheneis (su-dek-e-ne'is), . [NL. 
(Blyth, 1860), < Gr. V'ft'%, false, + NL. Eelie- 
ne w.] A genus of Asiatic catfishes of the fam- 
ily Sttltricue: so called from the adhesive ap- 
paratus or sucking-disk formed by plaits of 
skin between the pectorals, enabling the fish 
to cling to stones in the mountain streams 
which it inhabits. 
pseudelephant (su-del'e-fant), n. A mastodon. 
CtlKCS. 
pseudelminth (su-del'minth ), . [< Gr. V f '<%, 
false,+ r'/./tivf(t'A/uifi-), aworm: see helminth.] A 
supposed entoparasitic worm which proves to 
be something else. Also pst'uillu-lmintli. 
Sometimes the pseitdelminths are really so worm-like 
that a mere naked-eye examination is insufficient to de- 
termine their nature. 
7. S. CoNmld, Tapeworms (1866), p. 9. 
pseudelytrum, pseudelytron (su-del'i-trum, 
-tron), n. ; pi. psettdelytra (-trft). A false ely- 
trum ; a spurious or degenerate wing-cover or 
fore wing, as the small twisted process of a sty- 
lops. See Strepxiptera and Stylopidte. 
pseudembryo (su-dem'bri-6), . [< Gr. V'^C, 
false, + epjpvov, embryo.] A false embryo: 
applied to various larval forms after the egg 
stage, (a) The echinopedium of a sea-urchin. Wytilte 
77,..,,, .-,,;/. (6) The bipinnaria or brachlolarla of a starfish. 
(i 1 1 The swami-geinmule of a sponge, or so-called sponge- 
embryo. W. S. Kent. 
pseudembryonic (su-dem-bri-on'ik), a. [< 
p.teiiilembryo(n-) + -ic.] Pertaining to a pseu- 
dembryo, or having its character; eehinopaedie. 
Pseudemydae (su-dem'i-de), n.pl. [NL.,< Pseu- 
demyx (-tmyd-) + -.] A family of cryptodirous 
tortoises, named from the genus Pseu'demys, now 
merged in the family Clemmyitlte or Testudinidse. 
J. E. Gray. 
Pseudemys (su'de-mis), w. [NL. (J. E. Gray, 
1856), < Gr. yrvMK, false, + NL. Emys.] A ge- 
nus of tortoises of the family Emydidee, some- 
times giving name to the Psetidemydse. u con- 
tains chiefly North American turtles, among them P. ru- 
gosa or rvoriufntru (the potter, slider, or red-bellied ter- 
rapinX /* concinna, P. nmbilifiisix, etc. 
pseudencephalus (sud-en-sef'a-lus), .; pi. 
pxciiili-iici />li(ih (-11). [NL., < Gr. i/twfifa, false, 
+ fj-Kf0a?.or, the brain.] In teratol., a monster 
in which the brain is replaced by a vascular 
tumor derived from the pia mater. 
pseudepigrapha (su-de-pig'ra-fa),w.;/. [NL.,< 
Gr. \f>f vie mypa<pa, neut . pi. of >l>fvtieiriypaQoc., falsely 
inscribed or ascribed: see pwudepigraphoim.] 
