pseudogyrate 
rate.'] In bot., falsely ringed, as when an elas- 
tic ring is confined to the vertex of the spore- 
eases of ferns. Treasury of Botany. 
pseudo-heart (su-do-hart'), N. In brachiopods, 
one of several tubular infundibuliform organs 
by which the perivisceral cavity communicates 
w'itli the pallial chamber, and which were de- 
scribed by Owen as hearts. Bee cut under 
H'aldlieimia. 
It Is probable that these pseudo-hearti subserve the 
function both of renal organs and of genital ducts ; and 
that they are the homologues of the organs of Bojanus of 
other mollusks, and of the segments! organs of worms. 
I/ml'. H, Anat. Invert, p. 400. 
pseudohemal (su-do-he'mal), a. [< Or. 
false, + ii'iini. blood : see "ln-ninl.} Like or an- 
alogous to blood without being blood : noting 
various fluids which circulate in the bodies of 
some invertebrates, especially annelids, and 
the structures which provifle for the circula- 
tion of such fluids ; water-vascular ; chylaque- 
ous; aquiferous. Also pseudhsemal. 
In the Arthropoda no segmental organs or pseud-tueitwl 
vessels are known. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 57. 
pseudohermaphrodite (su'do-her-maf'ro-dit), 
a. Apparently hermaphrodite, though sexed; 
affected by psendohennaphroditism. 
pseudohermaphroditism (su'do-her-maf'ro- 
di-tizm), H. False hermaphroditism ; an ap- 
pearance of hermaphroditism resulting from a 
monstrous conformation of the external geni- 
tals in sexed individuals. The usual conditions 
are extensive hypospadia of the male organs, or 
hypertrophy of the clitoris of the female. 
pseudohexagonal (su*do-hek-sag'o-nal), a. In 
crystal., falsely hexagonal ; appearing to be 
hexagonal, though not really so. Twins of ortho- 
rhombic aragonite resembling hexagonal crystals are said 
to be pseudohexanonal ; some of the micas are psteudohex- 
agonal, because they approximate to the hexagonal system 
closely in angle. 
pseudohypertrophic (su-do-M-per-trof'ik), a. 
Pertaining to or of the nature of pseudohyper- 
trophy Pseudohypertrophic paralysis. Secparal- 
yn. 
pseudohypertrophy (su'do-hi-per'tro-fi), . 
The enlargement of an organ without increase 
of its proper tissue, as when in muscular pseu- 
dohypertrophy there is increase of fat and con- 
nective tissue while the muscle-fibers are atro- 
phied. Muscular pseudohypertrophy. Same as 
pseudrjh'/prrtrtiphic paralysis. 
pseudo-Isidorian Decretals. See False l)e- 
cretalx. under decretal. 
pseudolabial (su-do-la'bi-al), a. [< pseudola- 
bi-um + -/.] Of orpertaiiiiugto the pseudola- 
bium of a myriapod. 
pseudolabiuin (su-do-la'bi-um), .; pi. pseudo- 
labia (-ii). [NL. (Packard, 1883), < Gr. i'evf>i K , 
false, -f L. liiliiiini, lip.] In chilopodous My- 
riapoda, the sternite of the subbasilar plate, 
being the part called labium by Newport : usu- 
ally a large plate, with a median indentation 
in front and teeth on each side. 
It may for convenience In descriptive zoology be termed 
the pteudolabium. A. S. Packard, Proc. Amer. Philos. 
|Soc., June, 1883, p. 201. 
Psendolaiiz (su-dol'a-riks), n. [NL. (Gordon, 
185H), < Gr. V*"%, false, + /.aptl-, larch: see 
Larix.'} A genus of coniferous trees of the 
tribe Abietineee. By some it Is Included in the genus 
Larix, the larch, from which it differs in its cones, their 
pointed scales falling away with the seeds, a ml In Its leaves, 
which resemhle those of Ctdrut, the cedar, but are decid- 
uous like those of the larch. The only species, /'. Kirtnp- 
/rri. Is a native of China, and is known as ynlden larch, 
from the color to which the light-green leaves turn in 
autumn. It bears pendulous cones about 8 Inches long, 
broad and conical, falling asunder when ripe, except as 
long woody threads, passing out of the base of the scales, 
bind them In masses. Bee lurch. 
pseudolateral (su-do-lat'e-ral), a. In hot., hav- 
ing a tendency to become 'lateral when it is 
normally terminal, as the fruit of certain He- 
patiea. 
pseudoleucemia (su'do-lu-se'mi-a), n. [NL. 
pseuiloleucsemia, < Gr. Vcw%, false, + Xftwor, 
white, + (i'i/i<i, blood. Cf. leiici-min.'} A disease 
characterized by progressive hyperplasia of the 
lymph-glands, sometimes of the spleen, with 
anemia and the development of secondary lym- 
phatic growth in various parts of the body, 
but without leucocytosis. Also called Ho<t<i- 
kin's disease, lymphadenoma, malii/ntint li/mpho- 
mii. li/mpliniuircoma, anemia lymp'haticn, etc. 
pseudoleucocythemia (su-do-lu'ko-si-the'mi- 
ft), n. [NL. pxi-iidnleucocythtemia, < Gr. yxr&K, 
false, + 2-raior, white, + KI'TOC, cell, + al/ia, blood. 
Cf. Irucemia.] Same as pseudoleucemia. 
pseudolichen (su-do-li'ken), n. A so-called 
lichen which does not possess the one mark of a 
lumbta. 
4816 
true lichen that is, the presence of alg in the 
thai Ills. These plants are simply ascomycetons fungi 
parasitic upon a true llchen-thallus or other plant. See 
lichen. 
Pseudoliva (su-dol'i-va), n. [NL., < Gr. 
false, + NL. Oliva, q. v.] 
Ineoneh., the typical genus 
of Pseudolivins. litrtiiiixim. 
Also Gastridium. 
Pseudolivinae (su-dol-i- 
vi'ne), w. pi. [NL., < Pseu- 
doliva + -inse.~] A sub- 
family of Succinidx. typi- 
fied by the genus Pseudo- 
lira. The shell is bucclnUorm. 
and the operculum has a lateral 
nucleus. The typical species is 
the existing Pseudoliva plumbea 
of the Atlantic coast of Africa, but 
most of the species are extinct. 
Pseudolmedia (su-dol-me'di-a), . [NL. (Tr6- 
cul, 1847), < Gr. V<%, false,' + NL. Olmedia, 
a related genus of plants.] A genus of apeta- 
lous trees and shrubs of the order Urticacete, 
tribe Artocarpea, and subtribe Olmediete, char- 
acterized by receptacles containing numerous 
staminate flowers mixed with scales and with- 
out distinct perianths, and by pistillate flowers 
solitary in their receptacles. There are 5 species, 
natives of tropical America and the West Indies. They 
bear shining entire alternate short-stalked leaves, which 
are feather-veined and thin but coriaceous. The ovoid 
fruit is inclosed in a persistent and enlarged fleshy peri- 
anth, and the whole forms in P. gpuria of Jamaica an edi- 
ble red drupe-like fruit. See bastard bread-nut (under 
bread-nut), and milimwd. 
pseudologistt (su-dol'o-jist), n. [< Gr. 
}m7f, one who speaks falsely, a liar, . 
J.o; of , speaking falsely : see pseudology .] A re- 
tailer of falsehoods; a liar. 
pseudologyt (su-dol'o-ji), . [< Gr. 
falsehood, < fcvdoUyof, speaking falsely, < ixv- 
<%, false, + Xfjew, speak: see -ology.] The 
science of lying; falsehood of speech; men- 
dacity; lying. 
Not according to the sound rules of pie udology. 
ArbutJmol. 
pseudomalachite (su-do-mal'a-kit), n. A hy- 
drous phosphate of copper occurring ordinarily 
in massive forms of a bright-green color, much 
resembling malachite. It is closely related to 
dihydrite and ehlite. 
Pseudomelania (su-<16-me-la'ni-a), . [NL.,< 
Gr. y/ewSjjf, false, + NL. itelania, q. v.] An ex- 
tinct genus of shells superficially resembling 
a inelauiau, typical of the family Pseudomela- 
niidee. 
Pseudomelaniidae (su-do-mel-a-ni'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Pseudomelania 4- -Ma?.] A family of 
tamioglossate gastropods, typified by the ge- 
nus Pseudomelania. They had elongated turreted 
shells with the aperture oral and the columella simple or 
plicated forward. The species inhabited the seas of the 
Paleozoic to the Tertiary epochs, and are entirely extinct. 
pseudomembrane (su- do -mem 'bran), . A 
false membrane. See membrane. 
pseudomembranous (su-do-mem'bra-nus), r. 
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a pseudo- 
membrane Pseudomembranous bronchitis, bron- 
chitis with the formation of a false membrane lining the 
bronchial tubes. It may be due to diphtheria, to the in- 
halation of hot steam, or to other causes. Pseudomem- 
branous enteritis, a non-febrile affection of the intes- 
tinal mucous membrane, characterized by the periodical 
formation of viscous, shreddy, or tubular exudates com- 
posed mainly of mucln. Pseudomembranous laryn- 
gitis, a laryngitis characterized by the formation on and 
in the mucous membrane of a croupous pseudomembrane ; 
true croup. Pseudomembranous tracheltis, an In- 
flammation of the mucous membrane of the trachea ac- 
companied by the formation of a pseudomembrane. 
pseudometallic (su'do-me-tal'ik), r. Falsely 
or imperfectly metallic : specifically applied 
to a kind of luster closely resembling that of 
metals. 
pseudomonocotyledonous (su-do-mon-o-kot- 
i-leMo-niisi, a. In hot., having two or more 
cotyledons consolidated into a single mass, as 
in the horse-chestnut. 
pseudomorph (su'do-mdrf), n. [< Gr. ^xvoi/f, 
false, + popQf/, form."] A deceptive, irregular, 
or false form; specifically, in mineral., a min- 
eral having a definite form belonging, not to 
the substance of which it consists, but to some 
other substance which has wholly or partially 
disappeared. Sometime* quartz Is found in the form 
of fluor-spar crystals, the fluor-spar having been changed 
by a process of substitution into quartz. Such crystals 
are paeudomorphs by substitution ; another illustration 
Is that of tinstone, casBlterlte. after orthoclaae feldspar. 
A more common and Important class of pseudomorphs 
Include* those formed by the chemical alteration of toe 
original mineral : these are Illustrated by pseudomorphs 
"f native cupper after the oxid cuprite, where there nas 
been a simple loss of one Ingredient, in this ease oxygen ; 
Pseudoniscidae 
1*0, of gypsum after anhydrite, where the anhydrous cal- 
cium sulphate has been changed by assumption of water 
to the hydrous sulphate; or, still more important, where 
there has been a more or less complete exchange of con- 
stituents, as of the lead carbonate cerusitc after the lead 
sulphid galena, or of serpentine after chrysolite, or of 
kaolin after feldnpar, etc. Pseudomorphs are also formed 
by molecular change without change of chemical sub- 
stance, as of calclte after aragonlte, or rutile after brook- 
Ite; these last are also called paratnorpht. (See para- 
morphum.) Pseudomorphs very commonly have a non- 
crystalline waxy structure, but this is not necessarily the 
case. 
pseudomorphia (su-do-mor'fi-a), n. [NL.,< Gr. 
y*wtfc, false, + NL. moriihia.'] One of the 
alkaloids of opium, ' '17! I ],,.\< >,. Also called 
phormia, on/morphia. 
pseudomorpnic (su-do-mdr'flk), a. [< pseudo- 
morph + -IP.] Same as psendomorphom. 
pseudomorpbJne (su-do-mdr'fin), n. [< Gr. 
^<etx%, false, + NL. morphina, morphine.] Same 
as pxeudoiiiorjthia, 
pseudomorphism (su-do-mdr'fizm), n. [< pseu- 
domorph + -m.] The state of having a form, 
usually crystalline, different from that proper 
to the mineral; the process by which this state 
is brought about. See pseudomorph. 
pseudomorphosis (su'do-mor-fo'sis), w. [NL., 
< Gr. ^>ra%, false, + p6p$ucis, a shaping, < 
popQovv, form, shape, < pop^ri, form.] Same as 
pseudomorph ism . 
pseudom.orpb.OUS (su-do-mor'fus), . [< ;MW-- 
domorph + -OM*.] Not having the true form ; 
characterized by or exhibiting pseudomor- 
phism; in mineral., noting substances having 
an external form, usually crystalline, which 
does not properly belong to themselves. See 
pseudomorjili. 
pseudomorula (su-do-mor'ij-la), n. ; pi. pscudo- 
morulee (-le). A false morula: applied by W. 
S. Kent to a collection or aggregate of cells 
or spores of distinctly unicellular animals, re- 
sembling a morula, but of a different morpho- 
logical character. See niorulii. 
pseudomorular (su-do-mor'ij-lar), n. [< pxcu- 
domorula + -r s .] Having the character of a 
pseudomorula. 
pseudonavicella (su-do-nav-i-sel'si), .; pi. 
pseudvnaviceltee(-e). [NL., < Gr. V'*K', false, 
+ LL. naricella, a small boat, dim. of Hereto, a 
ship: see ware 2 .] The embryonic form of a 
gregarine; one of a number of minute bodies 
into which the substance of an adult encysted 
gregarine breaks up in reproduction. Pseudo- 
navlcellce are so called from their resemblance to the navl- 
cellse or navlculae of diatoms. On the nipture of the cyst 
of the adult gregarine these bodies escaj>e ; and on rup- 
ture of the pseudonavicellie themselves the embryo proper 
Is similarly set free. See peeudiifilaria, and cut under 
Qrtijarinidee. Also pteudonancula. 
pseudonavicellar (su-do-nav-i-sel'ar), . [< 
pxetidonaricrlla + -r 3 .] Pertaining to a pseudo- 
uavicella, or having its character, as the spores 
of Sporozoa. Also pseudonavicitlar. 
pseudonavicula (su'do-na-vik'u-l&), n. ; pi. 
pseudonaviculee (-le). [NL., < Gr! VTO%> false, 
+ L. navieula, a small boat, dim. of warn, a 
ship.] Same as pseudonavicella. 
pseudonavicular (su'do-na-vik'u-l&r), . [< 
pseudonavicula + -or 8 .] Same as pseudonari- 
eellar. 
pseudoneuropter (su'do-nii-rop'ter), w. [< 
Pseudoneuroptera.'] A pseudoneuropterous in- 
sect. 
Pseudoneuroptera (su'do-nu-rop'te-rS), n. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. V* w ' l ^fi false, + NL. Nnavptera, 
q. v.] An order of fnserta, proposed by Erich- 
son in 1840 to contain those neuropterous in- 
sects which have the metamorphosis incom- 
plete, four membranous wings usually many- 
veined, and mandibulate mouth-parts* (except 
in one family, Kphrmeridif). The order thus de- 
fined has been divided Into three suborders: (1) Plaltip- 
tern. Including the Prriidjr, Ptoeidte, Kmbiidir, and Trr. 
milidie ; (2) Odonata or dragon-flies : and (3) Ephemtrina 
or May-flies. Braner, however, diemenibers the I'teudo- 
neurtrptera. and distributes its components in his sermul, 
third, fourth, and sixth orders Kphfinerida, Odonata. 
Plecapttra, and CorraderMa his Pleeoptera ineluillnu Hie 
perlius, and his Corrodentia the termites and Pmeidf. 
pseudoneuropterous (su'do-nu-rop'te-rusi. -/. 
[< Pseudoneuropter-a + -(/*.] Pertaining to tin- 
I'lti'iidoiu'itrnptrra, nr having tlirir i-)i:ir:n-iiT-. 
pseudo-nipple (su'dd-nip'l), . A false nipple 
(if the mammary gland, produced by the eleva- 
tion of the non-glandular part around a depres- 
sion at the Imttom of which the ducts open. 
Pseudoniscidae (fl-d6-ni'i-d8). H. pi. [XL., < 
Pseiidonifcua + -iilf.'] A family of synziphos- 
urous meroctomatous i ni>t;n i ang of Carbonil- 
erous age, typified liv the jji'iius /'* niliiiii.-i-nx. 
Tliey had an oval body, sliort heail, large com]xiiiiiil eyrpt, 
and abdomen with seven segments besides the telson. 
