pseudotrimerous 
pseudotrimerous (su-do-trim'e-rus), a. [< Gr. 
i/'H'<%, false, + Tpelf (T/H-), three, + /ttpof, part.] 
Having apparently only three, but actually four 
tarsal joints, as a beetle; of or pertaining to 
the Piu'udutriiiiera. 
Pseudotsuga (su-dot-su'gS), M. [NL. (Car- 
riere, 1867), < Or. V'tw'w, wise, 4- NL. Tsuga, 
q. v.] A genus of coniferous trees of the 
tribe Abietinese. By Elchler, Bugler, and others it 
is united with the related genus Tmya, the hemlock- 
spruce, from which it has been distinguished by the ab- 
sence of resin-vesicles in the seeds, by the smooth brunch- 
lets, and by cones fringed with conspicuous sharply two- 
lobed bracU much longer than the scales, with their mid- 
ribs prolonged into a spine or bristle. There is hut one 
species, /'. Douylasti, discovered by the Scotch botanist 
David Douglas, in Oregon, in 182fl, the most widely dis- 
tributed timber-tree of the Pacific States, known as red 
or yellow fir, Oregon pine, Douylas fir, Douglas spruce, 
and Doui/las pine. (See Oregon pine, under jiinel.) The 
wood is unlike that of any related conifer in Its abun- 
dance of spirally marked wood-cells. The trees are at 
first pyramidal and spruce-like, afterward more spread 
ing, with very thick and rough brown bark. They bear 
flat and very narrow linear leaves, spirally inserted, but 
spreading somewhat In two ranks by a twist at the base, 
and handsome pendulous cones, which are nearly cy- 
lindrical, 2 or 3 inches long, and are matured the first 
year. In the variety inacrixarpn, the hemlock of the Sun 
Bernardino Mountains, a smaller tree, about 50 feet In 
height* the cones reach 7 inches long, and the larger seeds 
contain as many as from nine to twelve seed leaves. 
Pseudoturbinolidae (su-do-ter-bi-uol'i-de), . 
pi. [NL., < Or. VwwJw, false, + NL. Turbino- 
lidae.] A family of extinct aporose scleroder- 
matous corals, resembling Turoinolidte l \Mt with 
septa each composed of three laminae free in- 
ternally, externally united by a single costa. 
The genus Dasmia is an example. Also called 
Damiiiidie. Edwards <ind Hainte, 1850. 
pseudova, . Plural of pneitdovum. 
pseudoval (su-dd'val),rt. (XgwMMtovttm +-/.] 
Of or pertaining to a pseudovum or metovum. 
Hujrlcy, Anat. Invert., p. 331. 
pseudovarian (su-do-va'ri-an), n. [< )>ncudo- 
va r-y + -/(.] Of or pertaining to a pseudo- 
vary : as, a pseudorarinn tubule; a pxeiidin'a- 
rinii ovum. 
The terminal or anterior chamber nf each punulumrian 
tube is lined by an epithelium, which incloses a number 
of nucleated cells. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 385. 
pseudovarium (su-do-vii'ri-um), H. [XL.: see 
pseudovary.] Same as psevdovary. 
A portion of the cells . . . becomes converted Into a 
pffUaOMritmt, and the development of new pseudova 
commences before the young leaves the body of its pa- 
rent. It is obvious that this operation is comparable to 
a kind of budding. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 447. 
pseudovary (su-do'va-ri). n.; pi. psevdovarien 
(-riz). [< NL. pseudovarium, <6r. ijtevAi/f, false, 
+ NL. oraritim, ovary: see oriiry 1 .] 1. The 
ovary of a viviparous insect, as an aphis, in 
which are developed the kind of ova called pseu- 
dova. 
The young are developed within organs which resemble 
the ovarioles of the true females in their disposition, and 
may be termed pseudovariex. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert. , p. 38i. 
2. The filmy pellicle or so-called proligerous 
membrane of infusions of hay, etc., out of which 
infusorial animalcules were supposed to be pro- 
duced by the heterogenists, or believers in spon- 
taneous generation. 
pseudovelar (su-do-ve'lar), a. [< pneudorelitm 
+ -ar s .] Vascular, as the velum of a scypho- 
medusan; having the character or quality of a 
pseudovelum. 
pseudovelum (su-do-ve'lum), n.; pl.pseudovela 
(-la). [NL., < Gr. ^ew%, false, + NL. relum.] 
Th'e vascular velum of some hydrozoans, as the 
Scyphomedusse, containing enteric vessels, and 
regarded as morphologically distinct from the 
true velum of the Hydromeduxte. See velum. 
Pseudoviperaet (su-do-vi'pe-re), . pi. [NL. 
(Oppel, 1811), < Gr. V>rw%, false. + L. vipera, 
viper.] The wart-snakes (genera Aerochordiix 
and Erpeton). 
pseudeviperine (su-do-vi'pe-rin), a. [As Pseu- 
dnripcr-ie + -ine 1 .] Having the appearance of 
a viper or other venomous serpent, but harm- 
less, as a wart-snake ; pertaining to the Pscu- 
4819 
pseudovum (su-do'vum), . ; pi. pseudova (-vtt). 
[NL.,< Gr. ^fvii/f, false, + L. 
pseudo-volcanic (sii'do-vol-kan'ik), a. Per- 
taining to or produced by a pseudo-volcano. 
pseudo-volcano (su''d6-vol-ka'n6). H. A vol- 
cano that, when in a state of activity, emits 
smoke and sometimes flame, but no lava; also, 
a burning mine of coal. 
Pseudoyomer (sii-do-vo'mer), H. [NL., < Gr. 
ipevii/f, false, -I- L. router, plowshare : sec romc r.] 
A genus of fossil carangoid fishes of Miocene 
age. 
ovum, egg.] A 
pseudovarian ovum ; the egg produced in a 
pseudovary ; a false egg, or the germ of an in- 
dividual, as an aphid, produced agamogeneti- 
cally and parthenogenetically. Theuntmpregnated 
eggs laid by a virgin aphis are pseudova. The delicate 
investing membrane or cell-wall is ruptured immediately 
by the active embryos. 
One of the hindermost of these cells enlarges and becomes 
detached from the rest as a p*?uttonun. It then divides 
and gives rise to a cellular mass, distinguishable Into a 
peripheral layer of clear cells and a central more granu- 
lar substance, which becomes surrounded by a structure- 
less cuticula. It is this cellular mass which gradually be- 
comes fashioned into the body of a larval aphis. 
U a ili !i. Anat. Invert., p. 385. 
The ova which originate in it (pseudovaryl and are in- 
capable of fertilization lit will be convenient to call| the 
I'fi-inliii-ii. Clous, Zoology (trans.), p. 544. 
pseudoxanthin (su-dok-san'thin), H. [< Gr. 
V*t'Wi false, + fmtfoc, yellow, + -in 2 .] A leu- 
comaine found in muscular tissue. 
psha, pshah (sha or psha), inter). See /isliaic. 
pshaw (sha orpsha), interj. [A\sopKlia,pnhnli; 
a mere exclamation, of no definite formation, 
but suggesting pink and shn, accom. to ah, OW.] 
An exclamation implying contempt, disdain, 
impatience, or a sense of absurdity. 
Pthair, Pfhatr ! you fib, you Baggage, you do understand. 
Canyrete, Double-Dealer, iv. 3. 
Pshair! Sure I must know better than you whether 
he 's come or not. Sheridan, School for Scandal, Ili. 3. 
You will say that the story is not probable. Pitha! 
Is n't it written In a book * Thackeray, Bluebeard's Ghost. 
pshaw (sha or psha), r, i. [< pxliiur. hitt-rj.] To 
utter the inter- 
jection pstiaic ; 
evince contempt 
or impatience by 
such interjections 
as pshaw. 
My father travelled 
homewards ... In 
none of the best of 
moods, pshaw-iny and 
jiish-iiiK all the way 
down. 
Sterne, Tristram 
[Shandy, I. xvil. 
pshem(pshem), . 
A head-dress for 
women, derived 
from the East, 
probably the Le- 
vant, anil adopted 
in Spain in the thirteenth century. It was prac- 
tically an upright and nearly cylindrical hat. 
psi (pse or si), n. A Greek letter, *. V- It be- 
longs to the Ionic alphabet, and stands for;>s or 
/)A,. The character may be a modification of 
*, <t>. 
Psidium(8id'i-um), . [NL. (Linnaeus, 1737), 
said to have been so called in allusion to the suc- 
culent fruit ; irreg.< Gr. V"'C", ^ictv, feed on pap, 
+ dim. -ifiov.] A genus of polypetalous trees 
and shrubs of the order Myrtneea and tribe 
3Ii/rteae. It is characterized by a broad calyx-tube bear 
ing four or five lobes which are closed in the bud and be- 
come separated on flowering, four or five spreading pet- 
als, an ovary commonly with four or five cells, and nu- 
merous many-ranked ovules containing a curved and ring- 
like embryo. There are over 100 species, all American, 
except one in Asia, and all tropical or subtropical. They 
are commonly hairy or woolly, and bear opposite feather- 
veined leaves, rather large cymose flowers, and roundish 
or pear-shaped berries, sometimes crowned with the calyx- 
lobes, often edible, and known asiruava. See yuava (with 
cut). 
Psila (si'lS), H. [NL. (Meigen, 1803), < Gr. V- 
/.6f, bare, naked, smooth, blank, mere.] A no- 
table genus of dipterous insects, typical of 
the family Psilidse, containing shining-black or 
rust-colored flies, the larvae of which feed on 
the roots of plants. P. rosee of Europe is a 
pest of the carrot and cabbage. See cut un- 
der Psilidse. 
psilanthropic (si-lan-throp'ik), a. [< j>xi!<i>i- 
throp-y + -ic.] Of, pertaining to, or embody- 
ing psilanthropism. Coleridge. (Imp. Diet.) 
psilanthropism (si-lan'thro-pizm), . [< /'- 
lanthroit-y + -ism.] The doctrine or belief of 
the mere human existence of Christ. [Rare.] 
psilanthropist (sl-lan'thro-pist), . [< imlan- 
tlirop-y + -ist.] One who believes that Christ 
was a mere man; a humanitarian. 
The schoolmen would perhaps have railed you Unicists : 
but your proper name is Ptilanthnipist* believers in the 
mere human nature of Christ. 
Coleridge. Table-Talk, April 4, 1832. 
psilanthropy (si-lan'thro-pi), n. [< LGr. ^Mv- 
fyxjffoc, merely human, { V"'"^, bare, mere, + 
, man.] Same as psilanthropism. 
Psilopaedes 
Psilida (sil'i-de), n.pl. [NL. (Loew), < Psila 
+ -idx.] A family of acalyptrate Sfuncidee, 
Loxocera cylinttrifa (much enlarged), one of the Fsiliam. 
comprising a few small forms distributed in 
a half-dozen geneja, of which Pxilu and Loto- 
cera are the most notable. 
PsilocephalinaB (si-lo-sef-a-li'ne), . pi. [NL., 
< PgiloceplialiiK + -itWB.] In Gill's classifica- 
tion, a subfamily of Kulixtidse, with the verte- 
brae increased to 29 or 30, the anterior dorsal 
represented by a weak spine over the frontal 
region, and the branchial apertures in advance 
of the eyes. The only species is from East In- 
dian seas. 
Psilocephalus (si-lo-sef 'a-lus), . [NL. (Swain- 
son, 1839), < Gr. V*Aof, bare, + Kr0a/iy, head.] 1. 
The typical genus of Puilocephalinif, contain- 
Pshem. 
Ptilacefhalns barbatus. 
ing the fish otherwise known as .liinriiiilliiix 
liarlxitun. 2. In eutom.: (<i) A genus of dip- 
terous insects. Zettcrsledt, 1842. (b) A genus 
of coleopterous insects of the family Pnel<i- 
liliidx. Kaffray, 1877. 
Psiloceras (si-los'e-ras), H. [NL. (Hyatt, 1868), 
< Gr. ^'-"of, bare, "+ xf/KJC, horn.] A genus of 
Jurassic ammonites of the family Arietidee, to 
which, according to Hyatt, all the forms of true 
ammonites may be traced. P. planorbis is an 
example. 
psiloceratite (si-lo-ser'a-tit), n. [< Pxilrtceriix 
(-rer(it-) + -ite 1 ."} A fossil cephalopod of the 
genus PgUoceras. 
Psilodermata (si-lo-der'ma-ta), n. pi. Same as 
Amphibia, 2 (c). 
psilodermatous (si-lo-der'ma-tus), a. [< Gr. 
t'v/of, bare, -4- di/i/ia, skin.] Having the skin 
naked (that is, not scaly), as an amphibian ; of 
or pertaining to the Psilodcrmata. 
psilology (si-lol'o-ji), H. [< Gr. rfn/ 1 ^, bare, 
mere, + -'/oyia, < t.i-jtrv, speak : see -oloyy.~\ Love 
of idle talk. Coleridge. [Rare.] Imp. Diet. 
psilomelan (si-lom'e-lan), . Same aepsHome- 
Itinc. Encye. Brit., XV. 479. 
psilomelane (si-lom'e-lan), n. [< Gr. ^/A6f, 
bare, + /itiaf (fit)av-), black.] A nydrous oxid 
of manganese occurring in smooth botryoidal 
and stalactitic forms and massive, and having 
a color iron-black to steel-gray. 
psilomelanic (si'lo-me-lan'ik), a. [< pxilome- 
lane + -ic.] Pertaining to or consisting of psi- 
lomelane. 
The writer found in one of these [manganese nodules] 
. a total of 21.04 per cent, of the prilimelanic part. 
Encye. Brit., XV. 479. 
Psilonotidae (si-lo-not'i-de), . pi. [NL., < Psi- 
lonotun + -t'rfa?.] ' In Gill's system of classifica- 
tion, a family of gymnodont plectognath fishes, 
represented by the genus fsilonottu. They are 
among the smallest plectognaths, and Inhabit tropical 
seas. The frontals are separated from the snpraoccipital 
by the intervention of the postfrontals, which are con- 
nected together and laterally expanded but short; the 
ethmoid is prominent above, enlarged and narrow for- 
ward ; the vertebrae are few. about 8^9; the head is com- 
pressed, with a projecting attenuate snout, and the dorsal 
and anal fins are short and pauciradiate. 
Psilonotus (si-lo-no'tus), . [NL.. < Gr. jxMf, 
bare, + vurof, 'back.] The typical genus of 
Psilonotidse. 
Psilopaedes (si-lo-pe'dez), n. pi. [< Gr. V"'*:, 
bare, naked, + n-oif (xatd-), pi. iraitef, child.] 
In ornith., in Sundevall's system (1872), a pri- 
mary group of birds, embracing those which 
are hatched naked and require to be fed in the 
nest by the parent. The term is nearly conterminous 
