psychol. 
psychol. An abbreviation of ji.tycliulogy. 
psychologic (si-ko-loj'ik), . [= F. psychnlo- 
i/ii/iii' = Sp. ptieoUffieo; as pxycholoy-y + -ic.] 
Satin- as i>xycliiiliM/iciil. 
psychological (si-ki>-loj'i-kal), a. [< psyrlin- 
ItMiic + -<(/.] Of or pertaining to psychology ; of 
the nature of psychology: of or pertaining to 
the mind as the subject of psychology. 
Shakspeare was pursuing two Methods at once ; and. 
besides the PiyduJtujical Method, he had also to attend 
to the Poetical. . . . We beg pardon for the use of this 
insolens verbum ; bat it Is one of which our Language 
stands In great need. We have no single term to express 
the Philosophy of the Human Mind, and, what is worse, 
the l'rinci|ilr> of that Philosophy are commonly called 
Metaphysical, a word of very different meaning. 
Coleridt/e, Method, * 2. 
Doubt of it [personal identity] In a sane person is a 
psychological Impossibility. 
//. B. Smith, Christian Theology, p. 171. 
Psychological materialism, the doctrine that intelli- 
gence is a consequent of matter. 
psychologically (si-ko-loj'i-kal-i), adv. [< psy- 
chological + -ly^.] In a psychological manner ; 
from a psychological point of view; by psycho- 
logical methods. 
psychologies (si-ko-loj'iks), H. [PI. of psycho- 
logic (see -icx).] Psychology; metaphysics. 
Five thousand crammed octavo pages 
Of Uerman wychotoyic*. 
Shelley, Peter Bell the Third, vi. 14. 
psychologist (si-kol'o-jist), . [= F. p/tycliolo- 
gmte; as psycholog-y -I- -int.] One who studies, 
writes on, or is versed in psychology. 
psychologize (si-kol'o-jiz), . ; pret. and pp. psy- 
chologized, ppr. psychologizing. [< psychology 
+ -ize.] I. intrans. To make psychological 
speculations; investigate or reason psychologi- 
cally. 
Why, since the feeling has no proper subjective name of 
Its own, should we hesitate to psychnlowa about It as "the 
feeling of that relation "? W. Jamei, Mind, ix. ft. 
II. tram. To hypnotize or mesmerize. [Re- 
cent.] 
Is the non-concurrence of the obstinate juryman in a 
righteous verdict owing to an honest conviction, orhns he 
been unconsciously psychologized by the lawyer who has 
the biggest fee in his pocket? 
Atlantic Monthly, LVI1I. 592. 
psychologue (si'ko-log), H. [< F. pxychi>loi/u<! 
= Sp. jtxii-olot/o, < Gr. 4"'X'h soul, mind, + -/.ojof, 
< 'tjyetv, speak: see -ology.] A psychologist. 
psychology (Ki-kol'o-ji), n. [= F. psychologic 
= Sp. pstcologia, xicolugw = Pg. jmycliologiti = 
It. pxirologia = G. psychologic, < NL. psycholo- 
gia (Melanchthon), < Gr. tyvx'l, soul, mind, + 
-/io)ia, < teyeiv, say, speak: see -oloyy.] The 
science of the phenomena of mind ; mental sci- 
ence. It Is said to have originated with Pythagoras. 
Aristotle greatly improved it, and stated its most Impor- 
tant principle, that of the association of Ideas. It has, how- 
ever, only recently taken the position of a universally ac- 
knowledged science : and its methods are still in dispute. 
Some psychologists hold that we know the mind by di- 
rect intuition in consciousness; others, distinguishing 
between consciousness and self-consciousness, hold that 
the former involves no recognition of the mind, while 
the latter Is not an original power, but only acquired 
knowledge. Hut, though such inward vision be denied, 
most psychologists still consider the observation of what 
passes within us as the main foundation for psychology. 
Others regard introspection as too deceptive to be of much 
use, and some deny Its possibility. A few psychologists 
only, since Descartes, have held that the distinctions we 
naturally draw about mental functions as, for example, 
between thinking and willing have, in gmxl part at least, 
a real significance. The great majority have denied this, 
eiplaintng that the faculties are nothing in the soul (which 
itself has no parts), but are mere conveniences of descrip- 
tion. Nevertheless, these writers are accused by many mod- 
ern psychologists of practically assuming that our natural 
ideas of mind are in some approximate harmony with the 
facts of mind, just as physicists assume that among the 
conceptions which appear simple and natural to man are 
likely to be found those that are embodied in laws of na- 
ture. The prevalent school of modem psychologists at- 
tributes great importance to systematic experimentation \>) 
one person upon another, especially to quantitative deter- 
minations, as of the time occupied in different mental pro- 
cesses, the force required to produce sensations of given 
Intensity, and the like ; yet some of the oldor generation 
predict that the utility of this method wiff be found to 
have narrow limits. Psychology has also been pursued by 
means of extensive observations upon persons In abnormal 
mental ttata, upon persons having some mental peculiar- 
ity, upon the development of the minds of children HJ 
the languages. Institutions, mythology, and arts of differ- 
ent race*, and by means of the comparative study of bi- 
ography. Psychology has often l>een divided Into psychog- 
raphy, psychonomy, and psychosophy. See the somewhat 
deceptive quotation from Coleridge, 1817, under ptyeho- 
logical, and the tlrst quotation Mow. 
I'nder the general term Ipkyslolotryj I also comprehend 
natural theology andpiyeAuio^y, which In my opinion havu 
psychomancy (si'ko-man-si), H. 
soul, mind, + jiavrela, divination. 
4822 
the phenomena, or modifications, or states of the Mind, 
or Conscious-Subject, or .Soul, or Spirit, or Self, or Ego. 
Sir W. Hamilton, Metaphysics, vill. 
Abstract psychology, the account of the general phe- 
nomena of the human mind, their classification, and laws. 
Comparative psychology, the study of mental phe 
nomena in different kinds of animals, including man. 
Criminal psychology, the study of psychology in re- 
lation to crime. Empirical psychology, psychology 
studied by means of observation. Evolutional psy- 
chology, the account of the development of mind. 
Experimental psychology, psychology studied laigcly 
by the method of experiment. Infant-psychology, 
the study of the development of mind in children. In- 
trospective psychology, psychology resting mainly on 
self-oDservation. Mathematical, nomologlcal psy- 
chology. See the adjectives. Objective psychology, 
psychology resting mainly upon observations of minds 
other than that of the observer Physiological psy- 
chology, the physiology of psychical functions Ra- 
tional psychology, the deduction of certain characters 
of the mind from certain others assumed as axiomatic. 
Scientific psychology, psychology based on well-con- 
sidered methods In harmony with those of the physical 
sciences. 
psychomachy (si-kom'a-ki), H. [< Gr. ^n>x- 
fiax'a, desperate fighting, < iln>x/ ta X ctv t fight * 
the death, < V^OTi soul, life, + pdxeaflai, fight.] 
A conflict of the soul with the body. 
[< Gr. V";r#, 
Cf. ifnixofiai'- 
relov, a place where the souls of the dead were 
conjuredup.] 1. Divination by consulting the 
souls of the dead; necromancy. 2. A myste- 
rious influence of one soul upon another. 
psychomantic (si-ko-man'tik), <(. [< psycho- 
intnify (-miint-) + -ic.] Of or pertaining to 
psychomancy. 
psychometric (si-ko-met'rik), a. [< psychom- 
ctr-y + -io.] Pertaining to psychometry. 
psychometrical (si-ko-met'ri-kal), a. Same as 
psychometric. 
psychometrize (si-kom'e-triz), v. t.; pret. and 
pp. psychometrized, ppr. psychometrizing. [< 
pxychomctr-y + -ize.] To practise psychom- 
ctry on, as a letter or photograph. 
psychometry (si-kom'et-ri), . [< Or. V 11 *'), 
soul, mind, + -fie rpia, < fie rpvv, measure.] 1. The 
power, fancied to be possessed by some sensi- 
tive persons, of catching impressions from con- 
tact which enable them to describe the prop- 
erties of medicines, the vital forces of any 
part of the human constitution, the character, 
physiological condition, etc., of persons whose 
autographs or photographs are touched, and the 
scenes associated with any substance investi- 
gated. ./. R. Buchanan, 1842. 2. The measure- 
ment of the duration of psychic processes. 
Psychomorpha (8i-k6-mdr'fS), H. [NL. (Har- 
ris, 1839), < Gr. ^^, butterfly (see Psyche), + 
Hi>Qii, form.] A genus 
of bombycid moths of 
the family Litlioxiiilee, 
having the body slender, 
and pilose at the apex, 
palpi porrect, antenna; 
simple in the female, 
shortly pectinate in the 
. r 
male. The sole species Is P. 
'iriuti nix, of North America. 
commonly called the yrape-cint rpimtnis. of considerable 
economic Importance from the damage its larva does in 
tcrtly (see fsyclte), -t- 
(hom 
size. 
rfn 
c Kpimens (/. 
efitntHlt), natural 
Grape-vine Epimenis. \Psycltomorfha tfimenu). 
a, larva ; , side view or one segment, enlarged ; < , hump on 
eleventh Joint, enlarged. 
drawing together and destroying the terminal shoots of 
the vine In early summer. The moth is velvety-black, 
with a white patch on the front wings, and an orange or 
brick-red blotch on the hind wings. 
psychomotor (si'ko-mo-tor), a. [< Gr. V",P7. 
soul, mind, + L. motor, mover.] Pertaining to 
mental action as induces muscular con- 
traction Psychomotor centers, the areas of the cor- 
tex about the central Unsure Immediately related to mus- 
cular action. Psychomotor nerve-fibers, the fibers 
passing downward from the psychomotor centers to the 
points of origin of the mnt..r nerves. 
psychoneurology (si'ko-nu-rol'o-ji), . [< Gr. 
V*vt#, soul, mind, + 
' 
been most unnaturally disjoined by philosophers. 
O. Campbell, I'hilos. of Khet. (177U), 1. v. : 
i, or the Philosophy of the Human Mind, 
trictly so denominated, Is the science conversant about 
veiipov, nerve, + -A 
, speak: see -ology.] That part of neu- 
rology which deals with mental action. 
psychoneurosis (Mi'ko-nu-ro'sis), n. [NL., < 
(Jr. V"U'')> scnil, + NL. neurosis, q. v.] Mental 
disease without recognizable anatomical le- 
sion, anil without i-vidi'iicf and history of prr- 
..... ling chronic nu-iita! degeneration, t'nderthls 
head come melancholia, mania, primary acute dementia, 
psychoscope 
and mania halluclnatorla. Ihese cases Issue In recovery, 
or in secondary dementia or imbecility of various grades. 
psychonomy (si-kon'6-mi), u. [< Gr. V'OT, soul, 
mind, + ovoua, name.]) The science of the laws 
of mental action : one of the branches of psy- 
chology in many of the older systems. 
psychonosology (si'ko-no-sol'o-ji), H. [< Gr. 
yivxi/t soul, iiiiinl, + t'odof, disease, + Jojia, < 
//;m>, speak: see-o/o</y.] That branch of med- 
ical science which treats of the nature and clas- 
-ilicai ion of mental disease. 
psychopannychism (si-ko-pan'i-kizm), n. [< 
Gr. Tl>yx>i, soul, mind, + mwiriof. all night long 
(< jrdf, mil 1 , all, + vt'f (WKT-), night). T -i'TO.J 
The theological doctrine that at death the soul 
falls asleep, and does not awake till the resur- 
rection of the body. 
psychopannychist (si-ko-pan'i-kist), w. [< 
pxycliopannych-ism + -ts<.] One who holds to 
the doctrine of psychopannychism. 
The Saducees might deny and overthrow the resurrec- 
tion against Christ, or the PtychopannuchiiU the soul's 
Immortality. 
Bp. Gauden, Tears of the Church, p. 2*3. (Dane*) 
psychoparesis(si-ko-par'e-sis), n. [NL., < Gr. 
ifoXVi soul, mind, + vapeaif, paralysis: see pare- 
nts.] Mental weakness. 
psychopath (si'ko-path), n. [< psychopath-ic.] 
A morally irresponsible person. 
psychopathic (si-ko-pathMk), n. and w. [< psy- 
ehopatn-y + -ic.] I. a. 1. Pertaining to or of 
the nature of psychopathy. 2. Pertaining to 
the cure of the sick by psychic means. 
II. w. An insane or nearly insane patient. 
psychopathist (si-kop'a-thist), H. [<psuclit>pa- 
tli-y + -is<.] A physician for psychopathy ; an 
alienist. 
psychopathy (sl-kop'a-thi), . [< Gr. ^n<xh, 
soul, mind,+ iradvf, disease.] 1. Derangement 
of the mental functions. This is a slightly more ex- 
tensive word than itiMnity, as the latter Is not usually ap- 
plied to Idiocy, and Is often reserved for disorder of a cer- 
tain considerable grade of intensity. 
2. The cure of the sick by psychical influence. 
psychophysic (si-ko-fiz'ik), . [< Or. f ';rt> soul, 
mind, + fcamof, physical: see physic.] Same 
as pxychophusieat. 
psychophysical (si-ko-fiz'i-kal). a. [< psycho- 
phyxic + -at.] Of or pertaining to psycho- 
physics Fechner's psychophysical law. ,ee Jawi. 
Psychophysical time, that part of the reaction-time 
whicn is occupied with brain-action. See reaction-time. 
psychophysicist (si-ko-fiz'i-sist), . and a. [< 
pxyckophyxic -t- -int.] I. . A student of psy- 
chology who relies mainly or extensively upon 
quantitative experiments made by one person 
upon another. 
II. . Pertaining to or composed of psycho- 
physicists. 
psychophysics (si-ko-fiz'iks), w. [PI. of psy- 
cnophyxic (see -tot).] The science of the rela- 
tions between stimuli and the sensations which 
they evoke. 
psychophysiological (si-ko-fiz'i-o-loj'i-kal), a. 
[<. jixycliojiliyxiolofi-y + -ic-al.] Of or pertaining 
to psychophysiology. 
psychophysiology (si-ko-fiz-i-ol'o-J'). " [< Or- 
V*M:#) soul, mind, + Qi<aio?M-)ia, physiology.] 
Physiological psychology. See psychology. 
psychoplasm (si'ko-plazm), n. f< Gr. Vf/rfr. 
soul, mind, + ir'/Mo/w, anything formed: see 
l>lasm.] The material medium or physical 
basis of consciousness: same as protyle. See 
the quotation. 
The vital organism is evolved from the bioplasm, and 
we can now see how the psychical organism Is evolved 
from what may be analogically called the p*ucfu>plagm. 
. . . We may represent the molecular movements of the 
bioplasm by the neural tremors of the ftychnptamn ; these 
tremors are what I call neural units the raw material 
of Consciousness. The movements of the bioplasm con- 
stitute vitality; the movements of the psychnplatm con- 
stitute sensibility. We may say that the sentient ma- 
terial out of which all the forms of consciousness are 
evolved Is the pnychirp'.axin, incessantly fluctuating, in- 
cessantly renewed. 
O. U. Lruxt, Probs. of Life and Mind, I. 100. 
c (sl-ko-plaz'niik), a. [< iixi//-l/- 
+ -ic.] Of or pertaining to psycho- 
plasm; composed of or subsisting in psycho- 
plasm. 
psychopomp (si'ko-pomp), n. [< Gr. V^oTo^mir, 
conductor of souls, < VHJ^, soul, + iro/rof, con- 
ductor, < xifivttv, send, conduct: see poiii/i.] 
A guide or conductor of spirits or souls to the 
otlirr world: a special title of Hermes. 
\ kind of janirlurjtinnti or leader of departed souls. 
./. FUn. Myths and Mythmakers, p. 102. 
psychoscope (si'ko-skop), . [< Gr. V'/rv. *""]. 
mind, -I- nm-ilv, view.] A means of observing 
tlir mind. 
