psychoscope 
Somnambulism, double-consciousness, epilepsy, insanity 
itself, arc all of them natural pxtfctttmcftpc*. 
J'ruc. Sue. J'tycfi. Ketearch, III. 01. 
psychosensorial (si'ko-sen-so'ri-al), a. [< 
liayclntxi iisui-y + -a/.] Of the nature of per- 
cepts, but not produced by aiiy real action on 
the senses at the time. Thus, a person who sees an 
object which is not really present, and dues not merely 
have an ordinary imagination of it, though he may be able 
to distinguish it from real perception, has a pgyclwseiau- 
rial hallucination. 
psychosensory (si-ko-sen'so-ri), . [< Gr. l>i>x>/, 
soul, mind, + E. sensory.] Same as pxychosen- 
sorial. ^Imer. Jour. Psydiol., 1887.' 
psychosis (si-ko'sis), .; pi. psychoses (-sez). 
[< Gr. TJWXIJOIC,, a giving of life or soul, ani- 
mating, < Ytu^oiiv, give life or soul to, animate. 
< ijn>xf/, soul, life, mind: see Psyche.] 1. Mental 
constitution or condition. 
It is, in fact, attended with some peculiar difficulty, l- 
cause not only are we unable to make brute ptychtHtis a 
part of our own consciousness, but we are also debarred 
from learning it by a process similar to that which enables 
us to enter into the minds of our fellow-men namely, 
rational speech. MivarL 
2. A change in the field of consciousness. 
This conception of the relation of states of consciousness 
with molecular changes in the brain of vtychtme* with 
neuroses does not prevent us from ascribing freewill to 
brutes. Huxley, Animal Automatism. 
3. Ill patltot., any mental disorder; any form 
of insanity. 
psychosomatic (sl'ko-so-mat'ik), . [< Gr. 
V'i',t'/> soul, mind, + nu/ta, body: see somatic.'] 
Relating to both soul and body. 
psychosophy (si-kos'6-fi), n. [< Gr. VM'/, soul, 
mind, + aoQ'ta, skill, knowledge.] The meta- 
physics of mind: one of the branches of psy- 
chology in the older systems. 
psychostasia (sl-ko-sta'si-il), H. [NL., < Gr. 
^vyoaraata, weighing of souls, < i/'r,p/ soul, + 
oraovf, weighing.] The weighing of souls: an 
ancient belief that during a combat the souls 
of the combatants were weighed against one 
another, and that ho whose soul was overbal- 
anced was slain. 
psychostasy (si'ko-sta-si), . [< NL. psyi-hu- 
xtaxin, q. v.] Samo as psychostasia. 
psychostatic (si-ko-stat'ik), it. [< Gr. i/"'*'/. 
soul, mind, + arariKi'n; causing to stand: see 
xtatic.] Pertaining to psychostatics. 
psychostatical (si-ko-.stat'i-kal), a. [< pxycho- 
xtnlic, + -al.] Same as jmi/eliiixtiilU: 
Hut the feelings registered are pnychoxtatical elements. 
O. II. Ltin*, Probs. of Life and Mind, I. lltt. 
psychostatically (si-ko-stat'i-kal-i). dilr. Iii a 
psychostatic mnnner. 
psychostatics (sl-ko-stat'iks), . [PI. of psii- 
choxlatif (see -ic.v)-] The theory of the condi- 
tions of the phenomena of mind. 
To those who . . . have adopted the view that mind is 
only one of the forms of life, and that life is not an entity 
but nn abstraction expressing the generalities of organic 
phenomena, it is obvious that psychology must endeavour 
to ascertain the conditions of these phenomena, both gen- 
eral and special. These may be classed (by a serviceable 
extension of the term statics) under the heads of biostatics 
and ptychottaliai. 
ii. II. Lfices, Probs. of Life and Mind, I. ii. 3. 
psychotheism (si'ko-the-izm), ii. [< Gr. V'/f'/T 
soul, spirit, + Ot of, God: see theism.] The doc- 
trine that God is pure spirit. 
psychotherapeutic (si-ko-ther-a-pu'tik), a. [< 
Gr. V'-V'/! soul, + acpairevriKuf,' pertaining to 
medical treatment : see therapeutic.] Pertain- 
ing to psychotherapeutics. 
psychotherapeutics (si-ko-ther-a-pu'tiks), . 
[PI. of pxycluithcrnpcutie (see -ten).] The art 
of curing mental disease. 
psychotherapy (si-ko-ther'a-pi ), n. [< Gr. $vxv, 
soul, mind, -f Otfiaireia, medical treatment: see 
therapy.] Same as psijchotlierapeutifx. 
Psychotria (si-kot'ri-ji), . [NL. (Linureus, 
1 707), said to refer to the medicinal qualities of 
some of the species; < Gr. tyvxurpia, vivifying, 
animating, < ifn'xavv, give life to, animate : seo 
pxychosis.] A genus of gamopetalous plants 
of the order Sahiaeeee, type of the tribe PSII- 
rhiitriete. It is characterized by corymbose or panicled 
(lowers with a flve-lobed vnlvate corolla, a short calyx-tube 
having a small five-toothed Ixmler, linear or oblong- 
obtuse anthers fixed by their back near the base, entire 
and membranaceous stipules, and a drupaceous fruit with 
two plano-convex nutlets. It is a vast and polymorphous 
genus, one of the largest among plants, containing about 
4'J."> species, all tropical and especially American. They 
are shrubs or small trees, rarely perennial herbs, either 
erect, climbing, or twining. They hear opposite entire and 
sometime!! whorled leaves, and stipules within the peti- 
oles, often twin and united Into a sheath. The small 
llowers are white, green, red, or yellow. Most of the spe- 
cieshave handsome leaves, but are inconspicuous in flower. 
P. pamfitica, a red-berried, fleshy-leafed species of the 
4823 
West Indies, is there known as dimltiag-nnf. P. daph- 
noitti-n, a small evergreen, is the ItrttJttilaiul toot-tret of 
Australia. /'. emttica yields the drug striated ipeeacu- 
aulia (see i> ''"'"'"''"), and some other species furnish a 
dyestulf. 
Psychotrieae (si-ko-tri'e-e), n. pi. [NL. (Ben- 
tham and Hooker, 1873), < Psychotria + -tie.] 
A large tribe of plants of the order Rttbiaceir, 
the madder family. It is characterized by an ovary 
with two or many cells, each with a single hasllar erect 
anatropous ovule and Inferior radicle : a valvate corolla 
bearing the stamens on Its throat ; a stigma entire or near- 
ly so ; and an ludehiscent fruit, commonly with two nut- 
lets, corneous albumen, and curved embryo. It includes 
about 1,084 species of 32 genera, mostly tropical trees or 
shrubs, /'sychotria (the type) with 42T> species, Palicaurea 
with 135, Rudyta with 92, and Unujoga(Cephattu) with 120, 
are large genera mainly of America, and LtuiaiUhui with 
80 species is principally Asiatic. 
psychovital (si-ko-vi'tal), a. [< Gr. V'M'V, soul, 
mind, + L. vita, life, 4- -/: see vital.] Psy- 
chical and vital; pertaining at once to mind 
and to life. 
psychozoic (8i-ko-7.6'ik), a. [< Gr. ^vx'l, soul, 
mind, 4 Cw}, life. + -IF.] Samo as psychovital. 
psychrometer (si-krom'e-ter), ii. [<Gr. ^t'.rpor, 
cold, chill (< ifirxfiv, blow, make cool or cold), 
+ fifTpor, a measure.] 
An instrument forde- 
terminingthe tension 
of the aqueous vapor 
in the air or the rel- 
ative humidity. It 
consists of two thermome- 
ters, commonly called the 
dry-bulb and the tcet-bttlb. 
The dry-bulb thermome- 
ter gives the temperature 
of the air. The wet-bulb 
thermometer, whose bulb 
Is covered with muslin 
wetted at the time of ob- 
servation, cools below the 
air-temperature, and Indi- 
cates what is known as 
the temperature of evapo- 
ration. From the com- 
bined readings of the two 
thermometer*, along with 
that of the barometer at 
the time, the pressure of 
the vapor in the air is ob- 
tained by means of an em- 
pirical formula, or more 
conveniently from spe- 
cially constructed tables. 
psychrometric (si- 
kro-met'rik), a. [< 
psychrometer + -it 1 .] 
Of or pertaining to a psyehronieter; hygro- 
metrical. 
psychrometrical (si-kro-met'ri-kal), n. [< pxn- 
chrometric + -nl.] Same as pgyclmtmetric. 
ptarmigan 
c-), a white blister on the tip of the tongue, 
feigned to be caused by one's telling a lie, 
< ifrrfpus, lying, < Vf'xl"'', He: see pneuao-.] A 
small pustule without inflammatory base. 
psykter (sik'ter), ii. [< Gr. V"*";/', a vase for 
cooling wine (see def. ), < ^>i'X etv , blow, make 
cool.] In Gr. antiq. and arrlneol., a type of 
vase used for cooling wine. The l>ody is of conoid 
form, with short cylindrical neck and a somewhat tall cy- 
lindrical foot, adapted in form for insertion in the crater, 
and for standing on the table. It was sometimes sup- 
ported on a trlpotL See cut In preceding column. 
Psylla (sil'a), M. [NL. (Geoffroy, 1764), < Gr. 
^/i'/./a, a flea; cf. L. pulex, a flea.] A genus of 
homopterous insects, typical of the family Pxyl- 
lidte, having a pointed, bent front, highly arched 
INychmincler. 
psychrometry (si-krotu'et-ri), . [< Gr. il 
cold, + -fT/wn,< fiiT/mr, measure.] The theory 
and art of determining by means of a psy- 
chrometer the tension of tho aqueous vapor 111 
the atmosphere. 
psychrophohia (ni-kro-fo'bi-ft), . [< Gr. V>i'- 
X/xKpuiiof, dreading cold or cold water, < V'l'^^f, 
cold, 4- (f>o,hiaflai, fear, < ^o,Joc, fear.] A dread 
of anything cold, especially cold water; im- 
pressibility to cold. Ihinglixon. 
psychrophore (si'kro-for), ii. [< Gr. ij>vxpo<t'>i>o<;, 
carrying cold water, < V^W, cold, Hr frpriv 
= E. bear 1 .] In xiiri/., a sound with double 
bore through which a current of cold water is 
made to flow for applying cold to the urethra. 
psydracium (si-drii'si-um), w. ; pi. j>sydracia 
(-a). [NL., < Gr. ^vApdiaov, dim. of \lAdpal; (jfrv- 
Pear-tree Flea-louse (/Vr/M tyrf)- f Cross shows natural size.) 
scutum, and strongly developed scutellum, the 
body smooth, naked, or finely pilose, and the 
extreme tip of the wing falling between the 
radius and the fourth vein. His a large group, rep- 
resented In all parts of the world. P. jiyri Is a common 
pest of the pear in Europe and North America, produ- 
cing two or more summer generations of naked young. 
From the damage it does to young blossoms in the spring, 
it is sometimes called the bud-Miyht innecl, though more 
commonly known as the flta-ltnige of the jtfar. 
Psyllidae (sil'i-de), ii.pl. [NL. (Latreille,1807), 
< r.*i/lla + -idle.] A notable family of hemipte- 
rous insects, typified by the genus Fxi/ll. com- 
prising the flea-lice or jumping plant -lice. They 
are small insects, resembling plant- lice, having stout legs, 
the binder pair fitted for jumping, antenna; nine- or ten- 
folnted and armed at the tip with one or two bristles. They 
live on the juices of plants, and many of them form galls. 
The principal subfamilies are Liciinje. Aphalarinif , Pxylli- 
TW. and Triitziiur. See cuts under Jtta-liniK and I'tyila. 
psyllyt (sil'i), . [< Gr. i/<i//, a flea: see 1'xyl- 
In.] The fleawort, Plaiittigo J'sylliuiH. See 
quotation under fli'iivort. 
pt. AJI abbreviation () of part ; (Ii) f jiiiit. 
Pt. The chemical symbol of platinum. 
Ptaeroxylon (te-rok'si-lon), . [NL. (Eeklon 
and Xeyhi-r. 18:t4), so called in allusion to the 
effect on those working with its wood ; < Gr. 
-raipciv, sneeze, + r/,oi>, wood.] A genus of 
polypetalous trees of the order Napinttareir, 
characterized by four small erect and finally 
recurved petals, and by the fleshy annular disk, 
four-parted coriaceous two-celled capsule, and 
the t wo long compressed, broadly winged seeds. 
The only species, /'. iitilr, the sneezewood of South Africa, 
is a tree with bitter baik. opposite pinnate leaves, and 
flowers in small panicles shorter than the leaves. Sea 
. 
Ptah (ptii), H. [Egyptian.] An Egyptian di- 
vinity of high rank, worshiped especially at 
Memphis, and reverenced as the creative force. 
ptarmic (tiir'mik), 11. [< Gr. nro/)//<)f, causing 
to sneeze, < ^rap/iot, a sneezing, < irraipetv, Attic 
vrapvvaOai (-^Trrap), sneeze, akin to L. sternvere, 
sneeze: see uteriititatioii.] A medicine which 
excites sneezing; a sternutatory. 
Ptarmica (tar'mi-kii), H. [NL. (Necker, 1791), 
< Gr. Trrap/uKr/, a plant, yarrow or milfoil ; prop, 
fern, of irrapfUKof, causing to sneeze : see ptar- 
mic.] A former genus of plants, now united 
with Achillea. 
ptarmigan (tar'mi-gan), n. [With unorig. ini- 
tial ;* (appar. first iii V. ptarmigan, so spelled 
ISyUcr in reii-fi&rurcit )x.uery : style of the artist Huthymides, 
5th century, B. C. 
Kock Ptarmigan ' Lafvfttt rvfettris 1 , in winter plumage. 
