ptarmigan 
]>rci)i. because assumed to lie of (4r. origin), for 
'tn i -in ii/n n. formerly /<r< iV/iiHf.fr I'liiin/iiii i,<Gael. 
titrninrltiiii = Ir. turniin-liiiii, also lannoiiacli, tlif 
ptarmigan.] A bird of the family Trtnioiiida- 
anil genus /.'/"/''". having feathered fret. Tin- 
name was originally applied, lit Sn>il:unl, to /,. rnu/iu or 
a/inuiu, a tilrd which formerly inhabited England and 
\V:il* < a* well as Scotland, and is also found in KUSMU, 
Scandinavia, the Alps, Pyrenees, etc., and In represented 
in Iceland, Cicciilund, Siberia, and North America by a 
closely allied species, L rtiprxtri*. This bird turns white 
In winter, like all of the genus Lagopiu, excepting L. 
Koticui. the red grouse, moor-fowl, or moor-game of Great 
Britain. The willow-grouse, L. aUnu or mliceti, of sub- 
arctic distribution In Europe, Asia, and America, L. hrmi- 
Ifuetmu of Spltxbergen, and L. leumnu of alpine regions 
in wetrn North America are other ptarmigans. See La- 
ffopun, and cut under yrmue. 
Ptelea (te'le-a), it. [NL. (Linneus, 1737), so 
called from'the similarity of the fruit to that 
of the elm; < Gr. irretea, the elm.] A genus of 
polypetaloiis shrubs and trees of the order KH- 
tHCrs and tribe Tiidd'tlirtp. It is characterized by 
liaving four or five Imbricated petals, as many stamens, 
and for fruit a broadly winged orbicular samara with 
two or three cells, each one-seeded. The 8 species are all 
natives of North America. They are shrubs or small trees, 
with bitter bark, bearing alternate compound leaves of 
two or rarely live leaflets, which are broad and punctate 
with pellucid dots. The yellowish-green flowers are fol- 
lowed by rather large clusters of dry and flat disk-like 
fruit, with veiny wings. I 1 . tr\foHata is the hop-tree, known 
also as iriti!/>-<l (from the fruitX u'"j< f *h, and shrubby 
trefoil. See hop- tree. 
Ptenoglossa (te-no-glos'a), n. pi. [NL., < Or. 
nrc/vof, feathered, + yU>aa, the tongue.] A di- 
vision or suborder of pectinibranchiate gastro- 
pods, whose odontpphore has numerous similar 
acuminate admedian teeth in each transverse 
row. It comprises the families Inntliiniilif. 
f^calariidee, Kulimidse, and Pyramidellidse. 
ptenoglossate (te-uo-glos'at ), a. [< Gr. VT>ii'6(. 
feathered, + j/woua, tongue: see gloxsate.] In 
Mollusca, having on the radula or lingual rib- 
bon, in any one cross-row, no median tooth, but 
an indefinitely large number of lateral teeth. 
The term is correlated with racMglossate, rhi- 
pttlogliuuHtte, etc. 
Ptenopleurat (te-no-plo'rS), w. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
im/wif, feathered, 4- irfa'pa, the side.] One of 
the divisions of the I'roximite or lemurine ani- 
raaln, represented by the so-oalled flying-le- 
murs: now classed with the Iiiiteetitiirn. See 
Qaleopithecug. 
ptenopleural (te-no-plo'ral), . [< Gr. nrj,i>or, 
feathered, + Trlrvpii, the side, + -/.] Having 
the sides of the body winged or alate; having a 
parachute or flying-membrane; belonging to 
the I'tcnnpleura. 
Pteranodon (te-rau'o-don), . [NL.. < I'ter(- 
dactylux) + Gr. av6Am% (avodovr-), toothless: see 
AititdtiH.] The typical genus of Pti-ninodimtiilir. 
pteranodont (te-ran'o-dont), . Of or pertain- 
ing to the PteranotkmtidjB. 
Pteranodontia(te-raii-o-don'shi-a),H.^. [NL.. 
< Pter(odactylnn) + (Ir. &v6dovf (avooovr-), tooth- 
less: seeAnodon.] The toothless pterodactyls, 
a division of 1'tcroxnuria, represented by the 
family Pteraiitidoiitidte, by some ranked as a 
peculiar order. 
Pteranodontidffl (te-ran-o-don'ti-de), n.pl. 
[NL.. < I'trrnHiMliiu(t-) + -idle.'} A family of 
pterodactyls of the order I'termuiuriti, or giv- 
ing name to the Pteranixloiitia, having toothless 
jaws and the coracoid bone solidly united with 
the scapula. Their remains occur in the Cre- 
taceous. Some species have a spread of wing 
of '20 feet. 
Pteraspis (te-ras'pis), n. [< Gr. VTI/^V, wing, 
+ done, shield.] A fossil genus of fishes, the 
remains of which are found in the Middle De- 
vonian and the Lower Ludlow. 
ptere (ter), n. [< Gr. irrtp6v, feather, wing, usu- 
ally in pi., feathers, wings, plumes, plumage, 
foliage, also a fan, oar, side-row of columns, 
side-wall, etc., = E. feather: see feather.] In 
.'i/.. an alate or wing-like part or organ ; spe- 
cifically, one of the lobes of the prora of a 
eymba. A ptere resulting from the broadening or loba- 
tlou of the prora Itself Is known as a praral ytert ; a lateral 
lobe, between the prora and the tropis. Is culled a pieural 
litere additional pterea, resulting from lateral outgrowths 
of the tropis or keel, are tniputial pUrtt. 
pteria. . Plural of pterion. 
Ptericnthyidae (ter-ik-thi'i-dS), n. pi. [NL., < 
I'll i ti'litliyx + -idse.] A family of fishes of un- 
certain relations, typified l>y the genus I'lir- 
ii-litlifi.i. It had a cephalic shield with donal eye* sepa- 
rated by a movable plat*, a dorsal buckler and a flattlsb 
abdominal one, Ionic pectoral appendages of two pieces, 
incased In armor, and a caudal portion destitute of a tin 
and covered with polygonal soles. The jaws were small 
and armed with tamatot denticles. The organization of 
Ik* species Indicates that they could not have ptog leased 
4824 
by swimming and thut they probably crawled by the use 
of the Unless iM-ctoral members. They inhabited the De- 
vonian seas. Their pertinence to the class of flshes has 
been disputed, and they have even been referred to the 
tunieates in an order called Anliarcha. 
Pterichthys (te-rik'this), . [NL., < Gr. irrep6i; 
wing, + i^Sif, a fish.] A genus of fishes, typi- 
cal of the family PUTichthyidse. 
Pterideae (te-rid''e-e), n.pl. [NL., < Pteris(-id-) 
+ -ex. ] A tribe of polypodiaceous ferns, typified 
by the genus Pteria. The sort are marginal or Intra- 
marginal, provided with an tnduaium formed of the reflexed 
margin of the frond, and opening inward. 
pteridium (te-rid'i-um), n. [NL., < Gr. m-pr, 
wing. -I- dim. -5<ov.] A key-fruit or samara. 
Also jttermlium. 
pteridologist (ter-i-dol'$-jist), n. [< pterMol- 
".'/-.'/ + -M.] One who is versed in the study of 
ferns. 
pteridology (ter-i-dol'o-ji), . [< Gr. irrrpif 
(jrTf/(!-), tern (see J'teriy), + -Aoyi'a, < 'Atytiv, 
speak: see -oloyy.] The science of ferns; a 
treatise on ferns, 
pteridomania (ter*i-do-ma'ni-a), . [NL., < 
Gr. KTepif (Trrr/itd-), ferri, + fiavio, madness.] A 
mania or excessive enthusiasm in regard to 
ferns. [Rare.] 
Your daughters, perhaps, have the prevailing vterido- 
mania, and are collecting and buying ferns. hinydey. 
Pteridophyta (ter-i-dof'i-ta), n. pi. [NL., pi. 
of ptcrtdopJiytum : see pteridophyte.] A divi- 
sion of the vegetable kingdom including the 
ferns and their allies ; the vascular cryptogams. 
See Cryptogamia, and compare llryopliyta. 
pteridophyte (ter'i-do-fit), w. [< NL.nterido- 
pliytum, < Gr. irrepif (vreptA-), fern, T tyvrov, 
plant.] One of the Pteridopkytu . 
pterigraphy (te-rig'ra-fi), w. [Irreg. for "jiteri- 
dojirapliy, * Gr. ir-e/tic (Tneptd-), fern, + 
write.] In but., a description of ferns. 
Pteriidae (te-ri'i-de), n. ul. [NL., < I'hria + 
iila 1 .] A family of bivalve inollusks, typified 
by the genus Pteria ; the wing-shells. Now 
called Arinitidee. Also Mitrytiritidtr, Malleidee. 
pterion (te'ri-on), n.; pi. picria (-a). [NL., < 
Gr. XTC/HIV, feather, wing: see ptere.] In cra- 
iiioni., the region where the frontal, squamosal, 
parietal, and sphenoid bones meet or approach 
one another. The squumosal Is usually cut off from the 
frontal by a short line of sphenoparietal articulation, 
where the lower anterior corner of the parietal Joins the 
tip of the alisphcnoid : hut in some cases this line Is re- 
duced to nothing, and then the frontal anil squamosal 
come Into contact. See cut under craniometry. 
In the region of the pterion in the male, the squamosal 
articulates with the frontal on the right side for a space 
of 4 mm. Anthrninlogieal Jour., XVIII. 7. 
pteriplegistic (ter-i-ple-jis'tik), a. Same as 
l> ti-niplegixtic. II 'cl>.iter. 
Pteris (t'e'ris), H. [NL. (Linnwus, 1737), < Gr. 
TTTF/J/C (TTTF^M-), also 
T7F/f (irrepe-), a 
kind of fern, so 
called from its fea- 
thery leaves, < TITF- 
p6v, a feather: see 
pttre.] A cosmo- 
politan genus of 
ferns, typical of the 
tribe Pteridese; the 
brakes. It Includes 
plants of almost every 
kind of venation and di- 
vision. The sporangia 
are In a continuous slen- 
der line occupying the 
entire margins of the 
fertile frond, and cover- 
ed by Its narrow reflex- 
ed edge, which forms a 
continuous inembrana- 
ceous Indnsium. Of the 
more than 100 species 
known, only 4 are found 
In North America. P. 
't't<iil'/i<t, the common 
brake, is very abundant 
See brake*, bracken, ad- 
pterocymbate 
pterobranchiate(ti-i--o-iii-ang'ki-at),(i. |< Pt<- 
nilirtiiicliui + -ut<i.] Of or pertaining to the 
I'll nihriiiii'liiii. 
pterocardiac (ter-o-kar'di-ak), . [< (5r. TtTt/m; 
wing, + E. canlia'c.] Alate, or wing-like, and 
cardiac : used specifically by Huxley to note an 
ossicle in the stomach of the crawfish, which 
articulates with the cardiac ossicle. Bee cut 
under Axtacidee. 
pterocarpous (ter-o-kar'pus), a. [< Gr. nrrpm; 
wing, + napirtif, fruit.] In hot., having winged 
fruit. 
Pterocarpus (ter-o-kar'pus), . [NL. (Lin- 
iiii'us, 1767), < Gr. irrtpov, wing, + co^Tof, fruit.] 
A genus of leguminous trees of the tribe l>al- 
bergieee, type of the subtribe Ptcrofnrpiir. His 
characterized by a broad or nearly orbicular and oblique 
pod, which is tipped by a lateral style, is flattened around 
the edges into a thin coriaceous or membranous wing, and 
contains in its hard thickened center one, two, or three 
seeds separated by woody partitions. The 18 species are 
all tropical, and natives of Asia, Africa, and America. 
They are large thornless trees, bearing alternate pinnate 
leaves, and yellow papilionaceous flowers, often showy and 
sometimes variegated with white or violet, forming ra- 
cemes or loose panicles. In general they produce hard 
and valuable tinilivr, and also gum-resins, some very im- 
portant For P. Mamtpium, the blja or bastard teak or 
Amboyna kino-tree, see iinoand under teak. For /'. Indi- 
cug, the padouk, lingo-tree, Burmese rosewood, or Anda- 
man redwood, see kiabooca-wood and under redwood. P. 
erinaenu Is the niolompl,Ganibia kino-tree, cornwood, or 
African rosewood. For P. Draev, see draittm'n-blood. P. 
gantalintu is the red sandalwood, red sanders-wood, riihy- 
wood, or East Indian redwood, alfording an important dye- 
stuff. 
Pterocaulon (ter-o-ka'lon), . [NL. (Elliott, 
1824), < Gr. TTTepoi', wing, + itav'/.6f, stem.] A 
genus of composite plants of the tribe Iiniloi- 
deee and subtribe Phiclieiiii'ie. it is characterized 
by Its small flower-heads massed in dense clusters which 
are spiked or scattered, and by the slender capillary pup- 
pus. and stem winged by the decurrent leaves. The 9 
species are nearly equally divided between America and 
the Old World, and are principally natives of warm cli- 
mates. They are herbs, or sometimes shrubby at the base, 
commonly whitened with a dense wool, and bearing alter- 
nate leaves and numerous small white or yellow flowers. 
Two species are found In the southern I'nitcd states, P. 
pycnodachyum (see black-runt, '2\ and /'. riryatmn, a plant 
of Texas, Mr\io>. and the West Indies, known in Jamaica 
asr/ofrfrn-loefriand gulden -tuft. Seeyoidencudvxed, under 
cudirted. 
Pterocephala (ter-o-sef'a-la>, >'' [NL., < (Jr. 
itTtpor, wing, + Kf^n/f), head.] Tliecosomatotts 
pteropo<ls: a synonym of TheeumiiHiita. H'ttif- 
pteropo<ls: a synonym 
iicr, 188T). 
Pterocles (ter'o-klez), n. [NL. (Temminck, 
1809), < Gr. irrepov, wing, feather, + ^/F/f, key, 
bolt, tongue of a buckle.] The typical genus 
of J'temrlillte. There are 12 or 14 species, mostly Afri- 
rterit tt^llina. 
>i. a pinnule on Urger scale, thow 
the revolute margin. 
In rocky thickets, dry Melds, etc. 
der-ipit, and cut under prothatlium. 
pterna (ter'na), ii.; pi. ptcrnte (-ue). [< Gr. 
-ri/tva, the heel.] In nrnitli.. the heel-pad; the 
sole of the foot, at the place where the toes 
ilispart. 
Pterobranchia (ter-6-brang'ki-a), . pi. [NL.. 
< Gr. nrf />!, wing, -f fipdyxia, gills.] 1. In J. 
E. Gray's classification (1821), one of two or- 
ilers of pteropods (the other being Itnrtiilin- 
limnrliiii): same as Hi/niiiiininiiiitii. 2. In Lan- 
ki'strr'scl:i>silication i if moll uscoiils. the second 
section of the third class of a phylum /'</./ 
iniiii, coiniiosed of two genera. L'lin lulu/ilium 
and t'l-plmlnilixrHx : called by others I'mliixin- 
miitii and Aapidnpliorti. Eiiryr. Urit.. XIX. 430. 
Sand grouse (rttrodts artmiria). 
can. Three are Asiatic- P. arenaria, the common sand- 
grotise ( eve nand-yroiiite). P./amata, and /'. alchata ; the 
flint and last of these also occur in Europe, and the last is 
sometimes placed in a different genus, Pteroclr. See 
also cut under ffanffa. 
Pteroclidae (te-rok'li-de), . pi. [NL., < Ptern- 
eles + -idee.] A family of sand-grouse, alone 
representing the Ptcrocloiuorplue, and composed 
of the subfamilies Pterocliiue and tii/rrliaptiiiep. 
They re essentially terrestrial columbine birds, modified 
for a grouse-like life ; the digestive system resembles that 
of gallinaceous birds, but the pterylosis and many osteo* 
logical characters are like those of pigeons. 
Pteroclomorphae (ter'o-klo-mor'fe), . />/. 
[NL., < PtcritfU'g + Gr. /'op^iy, form.] In Hux- 
ley's classification of birds, a superfamily group 
consisting of the sand-grouse, considered to IK- 
intermediate between the ( 'oliimbte and the (inl- 
1 1 n if. 
pteroclomorphic(ter'9-klo-mfir'fik).. [< I'ti- 
rucliiniiirplite + -ir.] Having the sti-uelure and 
affinities of the Pt> rorlidte; belonging to the 
pterocymba (tcr-o-sim'btt), H. [NL., < Gr. itn- 
pAv, wing, + NL. riimlia. q. v.] A eymba, or 
cymbateflesh-spietile of a sponge, whose prone 
are alate, or wi<leneil into pi-oral ami pieural 
pteres, whence a figure resembling an iinelior 
results. II. ./. ,\/,//.s-, Kneyc. Brit.. XXII. 418. 
pterocymbate (tcr-o-Mm'bat >.. |< pti-rm-inn 
ha + -rtfr-l.] Alate, as a cyniba: having tin- 
form or character of a pterocymba. 
