Pterocynes 
Pterocynes (te-ros'i-nez), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
jrTf/>oj>, wing, + KVUV (KIV-), dog.] In some 
systems, a division of the mammalian order 
('/lira/item, including the frugivorous bats, or 
flying-foxes, as distinguished from all the rest 
of the order, then collectively called Nycteritiex. 
The two divisions correspond respectively to 
the terms Friu/irora and Animalirora, which are 
more frequently used. 
pterodactyl, pterodactyle (ter-6-dak'til), w. 
[< NL. Ptfrodactylus.] An extinct reptile of 
4825 
pterographical (ter-o-graf i-kal), a. [< ptero- 
Skeleton of Pterodactyl. 
the genus Pteroductylux or order Pteroxiniriii : 
a pterosaurian; an oruithosaurian ; a flying- 
dragon. Also pterodactyUatt. 
Pterodactyl! (ter-o-dak'ti-H), n. pi. [NL., pi. 
of Pterodactyl UK.] The pterodactyls as a group 
of extinct flying-dragons, typified by the genus 
Pterodactyl im : same as Pterosaiiriii. 
pterodactylian (ter'o-dak-til'i-an), . [< ptero- 
dactyl + -I'm/.] Same as pterodactyl. 
Pterodactylidae (ter'o-dak-til'i-de), w. pi. 
[NL., < J'terodaetylux + -idir.] A family of 
pterodactyls, typified by the genus I'tfrmlaety- 
liiH. See PterimaurMse. Bonaparte, 1841. 
pterodactylous (ter-o-dak'ti-lus), 11. [< NL. 
ptcrodaeti/liix, < (Jr. ;myxJr, wing, + cWrr/or, 
finger, digit.] Adapted for flight by having 
one digit of the fore limb much enlarged and 
webbed, as a pterodactyl ; specifically, pertain- 
ing to pterodactyls, or having their characters: 
pterosaurian ; ornit hosaurian. 
Pterodactylus (ter-o-dak'ti-lus), . [NL. 
(Oken. 181G), < Gr. irrtp&v, wing, + iSrixrw^of, fin- 
ger, digit.] The leading genus of the order 
Pterosauria, It was formerly conterminous with the 
Itroiip Ptrrodactyli, but now gives name to the family 
Pterodaetylidir, and is restricted to species having the 
usual four joints in the ulmir digit, a very short flexible 
toll, the metacarpus usually more than half as long as the 
forearm, and the strong pointed jaws furnished with teeth 
to their tips. (Compare Rhampharhynchus.) There are 
several species, extending from the Jura to the Chalk. 
See cut under pterodactyl. 
Pterodicera (ter-o-dis'e-ra), w. ]>l. [NL. (La- 
treille, 1806), < Gr! irrcpdv, feather, wing, + d/w- 
/ioc, a double horn: see diceroiis.] In Latreille's 
classification, one of the two main divisions of 
the class fnxeeUi, including all the winged or- 
ders. The other division is Aptera. 
Pterodina (ter-o-di'nji), n. [NL. (Ehrenberg), 
< Gr. xTtpov, feather, "+ (Sivof, wheel, ring.] A 
genus of rotifers, typical of the family Ptero- 
dinida'. 
Pterodinidae (ter-o-din'i-de), . pi. [NL., < Ple- 
rottina + -idle.] A family of rotifers, typified by 
the genus Pterodinn. They have a trochal disk of two 
transverse circular lobes, the wreath on each being dou- 
ble . the 1 1 1 iiilii are malleoramate ; and the foot is trans- 
versely wrinkled, wholly retractile, and ends in a ciliate 
cup. 
pterodium (te-ro'di-um). . Same Ujpfertdtem. 
Pterodon (ter'o-don), . [NL. (De_ Blainville, 
1841), < Gr. TTTfpov, wing, + bSoif (bSovr-) = E. 
tooth.'] A genus of fossil carnivorous quadru- 
peds, closely related to Hyeenodon, based upon 
remains of Eocene age found in France. 
pteroglossine (ter-o-glos'in), a. [< Gr. irrepAv, 
feather, + }^uaaa, tongue (see Pteroglossits), 
+ -/we 1 .] Having a feathery or brushy tongue : 
specifically applied to the aracaris. 
Pteroglossus (t er ^-g los/UB ) " [NL., < Gr. 
Trrepi'ii; leather, + y'f.tMaa, tongue.] 1. Inornitli., 
a genus of Ilhaniphastidfe, including those tou- 
cans known as aracaris. 77/(</er, 1811. See cnt 
under iiraniri. 2. In entom., a genus of cole- 
opterous insects of the family Carabidse. Chav- 
tloir. 1847. Also called Oiiiliun. 
pterographer (te-rog'ra-fer), w. [< ptcroara- 
l>/i-i/ + -er 1 .] A writer of pterography; the 
author of a ptorographic treatise. 
pterographic (tor-o-graf'ik), n. [< ptrn><ira- 
l>h-H + -it 1 .] Of or pertaining to pterography. 
i 
escription of 
feathers; a treatise on plumage: a term of 
wider sense than pieryltH/rapky, which it in- 
cludes. 
pteroid 1 (te'roid). n. [< Gr. vrtpdv, wing (see 
.ptere),+ fMoc, form.] A slender bone of some 
pterodactyls extending from the carpal region 
in the direction of the humerus. Some consider it 
as an ossification of a tendon corresponding with one 
which Is found In a similar position In birds, while others 
regard it as a rudimentary tint digit, modified to support 
the edge of the pataglum. 
pteroid 2 (te'roid), a. [< Gr. xrfp/r, fern (see 
Pteris), + elAof, form.] In hot., fern-like; re- 
sembling a fern ; filicpid. 
pterological (ter-o-loj'i-kal), a. [< pterolog-y 
+ -ic-al.] Of or pertaining to pterology ; found- 
ed on pterology : as, pterological characters; the 
pterofoijieal description of an insect. 
pterology (te-rol'o-ji),. [<Gr. m-epAv, wing,+ 
-?oj/a, C*ryv. speak: see -ology.] In entom., 
the science of insects' wings ; the description 
of the neuration or venation and other charac- 
teristics of the wing-structure. 
pteroma (te-ro'ma), w. ; pi. pteromata (-ma-ta). 
[L., < Gr. irre/tufia, a 'wing' of a temple (see 
def.), also a feathered arrow, < irrtpovv, furnish 
with feathers or wings, < irrrpoV, feather, wing: 
see ptere.] In arc h., the space between the wall 
of the cella of a classical temple or any similar 
columnar structure and the pteron, or the col- 
umns of the peristyle. 
Pteromalidae (ter-o-mal'i-de), . pi. [NL. 
(Walker, 1831), < Pt'eromalux + -idle.} 1. The 
Pteronitiliiifp considered as a separate family. 
2. A family of parasitic Hymeiioptera : used 
by Dalman as the equivalent of and super- 
seding the family Chalcididie. 
Pteromalinse (ter'o-ma-li'ne), n. pi. [XL. 
(Walker), < Pteromalus~+ -in.J One of the 
largest subfamilies of ChnMdidie. named from 
the genus Ptcromalux, comprising about 1,000 
species of several tribes and many genera, hav- 
ing thirteen-jointed antenna? with a three-joint- 
ed club and two ring-joints. They are small, usually 
metallic insect*, parasitic generally upon lepidopterous 
dipterous, or coleopterous larva?. The group lias 8 tribes 
and nearly 100 genera besides Iteromalus. 
pteromaline (te-rom'a-lin), n. Of or pertain- 
ing to the Pteromalidje or Ptrromalin*. 
Pteromalus (te-rom'a-lus), w. [|NL. (Swede- 
rus, 179")), < Gr. irrtpw, wing. + on?.of, even.] 
A genus of 
chalcidid hy- 
menopterous 
insects, giv- 
ing name to j 
the subfamily ' 
Pteromalinip. 
It is character- 
ized by the one- 
spurred hind ti 
biic; antennal 
club not clavate: 
head with the 
vertex some- 
times medially 
acute; eyes oc- 
casionally hair>' ; 
mandibles four- 
dentate ; ring- 
joint of antennie 
plain ; metatho- 
raxcarinate;aud 
abdomen never 
produced at the 
apex. Itisalarge 
unwieldy genllS, rt,nmali //>>. a. male i *. female, 
universally dis- . Lines show natural sizes. 
trihntrd, para- 
sitic 11)1011 Insecte of several different orders. P. puparum 
lives upon several lepidopterons Urvx, notably that of 
Pierig rapie. 
Pteromys (ter'o-mis), n. [NL. (G. Cuvier, 
1800)7v Gr. nrrpoi', wing. + fiiif, mouse.] A 
genus otSciurid/e; the flying-squirrels, (a) First 
used in 1800 by 6. Cnvier to include all the squirrels 
which have a patagium or parachute, (ft) Restricted in 
1825 by P. Cuvier to the large flying-squirrels of southern 
Asia and the Indian archipelago, having the tail terete and 
bushy, postorbital processes highly developed, and several 
other cranial and dental characters different from those 
of the small flat-tailed flying-squirrels of Europe and Amer- 
ica called Scmrapttrus. See cut under taguan. 
pteron (te'ron), .; pi. ptera (-ra). [< Gr. jrrfpoV, 
wing, side-row of columns : see ptere .] In Gr. 
ni'i'li. uniliirrlneol., a range of columns; a portico. 
Pteronura (ter-o-nti'rft). M. [NL. (J. E. Gray, 
1837), prop. Pterura, < Gr. rrrcpov, wing, + oi<pa, 
tail.] A South American genus of otters of the 
family Mtixtrlidie and subfamily LiitrinK 1 , hav- 
ing the tail alate, or margined with a flange-like 
Pteropoda 
fold or ridge on each side. The type is P. nnnd- 
baetii, known as the margin-taifm otter. Also 
Pterura. 
Pteropaedes (ter-o-pe'dez), w. pi. [NL., < Gr. 
Tmpuv, feather, wing, + Katf (iraii-), child.] 
Those birds which are fledged and able to fly 
when hatched, as the mound-birds. Compare 
Ptiloptedex. 
pteropaedic (ter-o-pe'dik), . [< Pteropied-ex 
+ -if.] Having the characters of the Ptfro- 
psedcK. 
Pteropappi (ter-o-pap'i), . pi. [NL., < Gr. nrr- 
p6v, feather, wing, 4- frimroc, down: see i>tip- 
;)M.] A rare synonym of Odontotormse. 
pterope (ter'op), . [< NL. Pteropun, q. v.] A 
fruit-bat or flying-fox ; a member of the genus 
Ptcropus in a broad sense. 
pteropegal (ter-o-pe'gal), n. [< pteropet/-uni + 
-nl."] Pertaining to the pteropegum, or having 
its character. 
pteropegum (ter-o-pe'gum), . ; pi. pteropega 
(-gS). [NL., < Gr. irre/m', feather, wing, + 
fftfjuf, lit. fastened, < in?) vi'i>a/, fasten: see pact.] 
In eutom., the socket on the side of the thorax 
in which a wing is articulated. 
Pterophora (te-rof'o-rS), ii. pi. [NL. (Clair- 
ville, 1798), < Gr. -npo^opof, having wings: see 
PtrroplKirux.] In Clairville's system, one of the 
prime divisions of Ingecta, including all hexap- 
odous insects except Aptrra : same as Plilota, 
Pterodicera. and Pterygota. 
PterophoridSB (ter-6-for'i-de). ii.pl. [NL. 
(Zeller, 1841), < Pftrophonix + -idee.] A fami- 
ly of lepidopterous insects, typified by the ge- 
nus Ptcroplini'uM, including the plume-moths. 
They have long slim bodies ana legs, and most of them 
are remarkable for having their wings divided Into lobes 
or feathers. The larva? are fusiform, sixteen-leggcd, HIM! 
furnished with irregular protuberances and tubular hnirs, 
and some of them resemble smnll bundles of dried leaves. 
The species are not numerous, although the family is of 
wide distribution. Also called Alucititltr. See Fimpeit- 
II.' . and cut under piuinf-nutth. 
Pterophorina (te-rot'-o-ri'na), M. pi. [NL.,< Ptr- 
rophoriiK + -inn.] A division of moths, repre- 
sented by the family Pterophoridee. 
Pterophoms (te-rof'o-rus), . [NL. (Geoffrey, 
17(>4), < Gr. iTTfpojApof, bearing feathers, fea- 
thered, winged. < itTtpov, feather, wing, + -*o/>oc, 
< <f>iprtv = E. /ww 1 .] A genus of lepidopterous 
insects, type of the Ptfrophoridsp. P.mmmlaety- 
hu occurs In Europe, western Asia, and all parU of North 
America. Its larva feeds on Conrolmlu* and Chenopo- 
dium. .See cut under ]iiutne-inoth. 
Pterophyllum (ter-o-firnm), ii. [NL. (Bron- 
gniart, 18'J8), < Gr. irre/xJv, feather, wing, + <t>l'/- 
fov, a leaf.] 1. A genus of cycadaceoiw fossil 
plants, with linear leaves attached to the ra- 
chis by the full width of their bases, and at 
right angles to it; the nervation is simple and 
parallel to the length of the leaf. This genus is 
first seen in the upper part of the coal-measures, attains 
its greatest development in the Trias, and Anally disap 
pears at the close of the Jurassic. 
2. A genus of fishes of the family CichlidiP. 
Pteropidae, etc. See Ptfropodidx, etc. 
Pteroplatea (ter-o-pla'te-ft), n. [NL., < Gr. 
TTTipi'ir, wing (fin), + irMrvf (fem. irlartta), 
broad.] A genus of sting-rays, typical of the 
subfamily Pttroplnteiwe. P. nittclurn is an east- 
ern and P. mariHorala a western American spe- 
cies. 
Pteroplateinae (ter-o-pla-te-i'ue), w. pi. [NL.. 
< Pteroplntca + -iiite.] A subfamily of trygo- 
noid sting-rays, typified by the genus Ptero- 
plntea. They have a very broad disk, the pec- 
toral fins extending far sideways, and the tail 
short. 
pteropod (ter'o-pod), a. and w. [< NL. pteropus 
(-pod-), < Gr. TTTepfamy (-irod-), wing-footed (as 
Hermes), < nrtprfv, wing, + mnf (irorf-) = E. 
foot.] I. fl. Having an alate podium, or wing- 
like expansions of the foot, as a mollusk; of or 
pertaining to the Pteropoda. Also pteropodowt. 
II. ". A mollusk of the class Pteropoda. The 
shell-bearing pteropods are the Tliecotomala ; the naked 
pteropods are the Gymnoitomata ; spiny pteropods belong 
to the family Cai-cliniidse, and spiral pteropods to the Li- 
maeinidir; slipper-pteropods are Cynundiidx. \\soptero- 
podf. 
Pteropoda (te-rop'o-da), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. 
of ptcropii.t (-pod-), wing-footed: see pteroinni. \ 
1. A division of ilollusca, ha^ng the mesopo- 
(1 i urn or middle part of the podium or foot ex- 
panded into a pair of large alate lobes like wings 
or flippers, and used as such to swim with ; the 
pteropods. The ctenidla are abortive, the nephrldinm 
is single, and the general configuration is more or less un- 
symmetrical, somewhat as In gastropods. The propoilium 
may be produced into tentaculiform organs. There are 
otidia or otocysts, and one osphradium. The pteropods 
are hermaphroditic or nionoBcious ; there are organs of 
