pterygoda 
, pair 
epaule~ts attached to the mesothorax of 
<ln/itfra, near the insertion of the first legs. 
In front of the fore wings . . . are a pair of pteriiyoda, 
a kind of epaulettes, which extend backwards. 
LatreMe, In Cuvier Kegne Animal (trans.), ed. 1849, 
|p. 478. 
pterygode (ter'i-god), . One of the pterygoda. 
Also ptrrygirid. J. (). Westtcood. 
4827 
Ptilocercus 
nectlons behind. In birds the bar Is always a single and 
simple pterygoid Iwne, movably articulated behind with a 
quadrate and In front with a palaUi-hone. The case be 
comes complicated in lower vertebrates by the presence of 
more than one pterygoid, and In fishes with several ptcry- 
gofds, variously disposed, the arrangement is more com- 
monly called the palatoquaJrate arch. See cut under 
palatvquadratt. 
pterygopalatine (ter'i-go-pal'a-tin), a. [< 
pterygo(ifl) 4- palatine?.] Pertaining to the 
pterygoid process of the sphenoid, or to the 
pterygoid bone, and to the palate or palate- 
bone: as, the ptcn/vo/HilHtinebTiuich of the in- P t ^^^Y U ' K) ' "' 
__ .,, passes 
through the pterygopalatine canal to the pharynx, nasal 
fossa, and sphcnofdal sinus. Also called pharyiiycal ar~ 
ttry. Pterygopalatine canal, (a) The canallculus 
pharyngeus. (6) The posterior palatine canal. Ptery- 
gopalatine foramen. s.-<-/..rn/m-. pterygopalatine 
of an articulate facet for the pterygoid bone on 
the rostrum of a bird's skull. Coues. 
pterygoid (ter'i-goid), a. and . [< Gr. irrtpv. 
yofiityf (contr. irrtpvyuAtK), wing-like, feathery, 
< KTtpv% (iTTepvy-'), a wing, 4- eirfor, form.] I. a. 
Wing-like or wing-shaped ; aliform or alate : 
specifically applied in anatomy to certain nerve, a small branch of ileckel's gangflnhTnatlwuvi 
bones or bony processes and associate parts, 'hrougn the canal of the same name to the pharynx. 
- Pterygoid artery, a branch of the internal maxillary, pterygO-pharyngOUS (ter'i-go-far-in-je'us), . 
from the second or pterygoid section of that vessel, sup. [\L., < ]>tiri/i/o(id) + pliaruHilctm.'} That part 
^^^m^^^f^^SSS^ \& 8U '4 )r V tri< ' t( ' r of * ho 1 ".' a ' y " x 
(which see, under canal).- Pterygoid fossa. See/omul, which arises from the internal pterygoid pro- 
Pterygoid muscles, the pterygoldel, or muscles which cess Pterygo-pharyngeus externus, a'small super 
ariBefromtheptcrygoidbonesorpterygoidnroeesscsofthe nurnerary muscle ailsing from the Immular process and 
sphenoid. In man the exttriuil pterygoid muscle arises inserted into the wall of the pharynx. 
> tin 
ly in the passage-beds between the Silurian and 
the Devonian system. It has a long lobster-like form, 
composed in the main of a cephalothorax, an abdominal 
division of several segments, and a somewhat oval telson 
or tall-plate. The organs of locomotion, three or four 
pairs In number, are all attached to the under side of the 
carapace, as In the king-crab. P. anylictu Is a specie* 
sometimes called trrajthim. 
Pterygura (ter-i-gu'rtt), n. pi. [NL., < Or. 
nrepvf (irrepvy-), feather, wing, 4- ''yj4, tail.] 
A division of anomurous decapod crustaceans. 
Of or pertaining 
oiu. in man tne extsmai pterygoid muscle arises inserted Into the wall of the pharynx 
from the external pterygoid process of the sphenoid and the ntprv^onnarlrato m>ri an kwoil'rutl 
part of the alisphenoid below the pterygoid ridge, and ex- P*rygO<maaraTO T l-go-kwod rat), a. 
tends nearly horizontally outward to be Inserted into the 7><W(") + JUOflroW.] 1. Pertaining to 
condylold section of the" lower jaw-bone : it Is also called 
ectopteryaoid. The internal pterygoid muscle arises from 
"i \>}. ptrryla (-\&). [NL., < 
(Jr. jrry5i>, feather, wing, 4- {?.)?, wood.] A 
feather-tract ; one of tho sets or clumps of fea- 
thers which are inserted in definite tracts or 
areas in tho skin of a bird, separated by apte- 
ria, or places where no feathers grow. The fact 
that birds' feathers are seldom Implanted uniformly over 
the whole skin, but usually grow In definite patches, had 
been known long l>efore the publication of Mtzsch's "Sys- 
tem of Pterylography" In 1S40; but It remained for this 
author to define the principal pterylc and point out the 
taxonomlc significance of pterylosis. The most constant 
pteryla! are eight: (1) Pteryla. *]iinalit, the spinal or dorsal 
tract, from the nape of the neck to the tall, subject to 
much modification. (2) J'terula huwrralu, the humeral 
tract, on each wing, running from the shoulder obliquely 
backward, parallel with the scupnla. CD Ptayla/tmoraUl, 
the femoral tract, a similar oblique strip on each thigh. 
(4) Ptfryla txntralis, the ventral tract, forming most of the 
plumage of the under parts, and presenting numerous 
pterygoid bone proper and to the quadrate bone, 
. M 7 /r, / ,/./r/, ( /. me ///,/-////,( pterygom muscle arises irom or SUSDensorilllll of the lower IRW LR in a ver !""* " * ..^i i to, u. j. ( < m IMK MUIHCIUIIB 
the pterygoid fossa and palate-bone, and passes downward ,.,i," Lrjaw.af modifications. (6) Iteryla eapitalit, the heml-tract. (fl) 
and outward to be inserted into the inner surface of the an- tobrate . below mammals : as, the ptiryi/oquad- Pteryla atari,, the wing-tract. (7) Pleryla ca,ulali, the 
cending ramus and angle of the lower Jaw-lone: It is also ''""-' articulation. 2. Combining elements of tall-tract (8) Ptrryla cniralit, the lower leg-tract. 
the pterygoid and quadrate bones: as, the pterylographic (ter'i-lo-graf'ik), a. [< plery- 
pterygoqttadrate cartilage of a shark. lixjraph-y + -ic.] Of or pertaining to pterylog- 
pterygosphenoid (ter*i-go-sfe'noid), (i. [< raphy; descriptive of pteryla? or pterylosis. 
pterygo(lff) + qihenoid.] Same as rphenoptery- pterylographical (ter'i-lo-graf'i-kal), a. [< 
tfoid. ptery lographic + -nl.~\ B&me&spterylograplilc. 
called .///. ,,,/,///,/,,/,/ and interital maweter. The pterygoid 
muscles effect the lateral and forward and backward move* 
to the internal and external pterygoid muscles. Ptery- 
goid notch. See ntitfh. Pterygoid plate, a pterygoid 
pr'oce88^^) r ^?hc?o 3 n"M'w,i wtiTf'tl^^n^und P ter yK08pin08US (ter'i-go-spi-no'sus), .; pi. 
sphenoid bone of mammals. (1) The Mfernrf 'pterygoid I'k'rygfHtpiiiHiti : (-si). [NL.: 966 ptorygospinmu.] 
processisaprocessorextensionoftheallsphenoliXorgreat A muscular slip, occasionally seen in man, 
wing of the sphenoid bone, having no independent center arising from the sphenoidal spine and inserted 
Pterylographically (tcr*i-lo-graf'i-kal-i ),'adv. 
With reference to pterylography; u 
of ossification, and never being a distinct part. (2) The in- 
ternal pterygoid process, on the other hand, is a distinct 
into the external pterygoid plate. 
tcKM uici^gum i :eaa, on me ouicr numi, IB a (listmrl _4.-___-__------ _ /. // - =* * 
bone, the pterygoid proper, having its own center of ossitl PterygOSplnOUS (ter'1-go-spi mis), n. 
pterygosptnosug, < K. pterygo(i 
spinous.] Pertaining to a pi 
and to the spine of the sphcn 
cation, and representing the freely articulated pterygoid 
bone of lower vertebrates. These processes are also distin- 
guished as ectiipteryyoid and I'ntnpteryffoitl. (fr) The com- 
bined internal and external pterygoid processes, the two 
parts being distinguished as the iiUeriutl and external 
pteri/yvid platen, (c) The pyramidal process, or tuberoilty 
of the palate. Pterygoid ridge, a ridge traversing flic 
outer surface of the alisphenoid, or great wing of the sphe- 
noid bone, delimiting the respective attachment* of the 
temporal and external pterygoid muscles, and also serving 
to distinguish the temporal from the zygomutic fossa. li iitur iinlali 
II . InzooV. and anat.: (a) A bone of tho pterygostium (ter-i-gos'ti-um) M 
facial part of the skull, forming a part of tho 
hard palate, or pterygopalatal bar, commonly 
a horizontal rod-like bone, ono of a pair oil 
each side of tho median line intervening be- 
tween tho palatal and the quadrate bone, or 
[< NL. 
jtiiiftxnH, 
]]. i>>i riiijn(id) + L. i 
pterygoid process - f . .. ....... 
i-noid. PterygoBpl- pterylosis (ter-i-16'sis). 
nous ligament, a fibrous band running from tnc spine -o.s/.v.] The arrangeme 
of the sphenoid to the posterior margin of tho outer ptery 
gold plate. 
pterygostaphylinus (ter " i -g6-staf - i -li 'nus), 
ii. ; pi. pterygostaphylini (-ni). [NL..< Or. irripvs 
wing, + n-riupi'/i/, uvula.] Same as 
suspensorium of the mandible, and raovably 
articulated with both, frequently also articti- 
1..*:.. . ..,:.!. .1. i. : i i.i_i i _ , 
n '' 7T,''* ( lm W-),wiiiB,+ L. '"'''. mouth.] 
" f the norvur " H or VP1I1H of an in " ( ' <>t H 
W1 " K ' T? Cy are thicke i 8 "' thc "* -rfacesof the 
upper and lower wing membranes exactly opposed to each 
other, the Inner surfaces being gn>ved so as to allow the 
circulation of fluids and the entrance of tracheae. 
lating with the basisphenoidal rostrum of the Pterygostomial (ter'i-go-sto'mi-al), a. [< Or. 
skull: in any mammal, detached from its pos- ?"''"' (" T '7".'/'-). wing, + aru/ta, mouth, 4- -iul.~\ 
terior connection with the suspensorium, and In - "'-. noting the flaring anterior edges of the 
carapace of crustaceans, when these turn for- 
ward in front of the bases of the limbs, paral- 
lel with each other and with tho axis of the 
body. Milne-Edwards Pterygostomlal plates, 
those parts of the carapace of the brachyurous crustaceans 
which run forward parallel with the axis of the body. 
ffoid, and metapteryijaid : see these words, and' cut under pteiygOStomian (ter'i-go-sto'mi-an), a. [< 
palatnqiiadrate. See also cuts under desmoynathoux, dm- pterygogtoi>ti-<ll + -a>i.~\ Hame as fitervqontii- 
maognathoux, periotic, Petromyzon, Phtiwter, poimn-fatuj, ,,; rRa.r 1 
Python, and temporomaotoid. (ft) A pterygoid mus- 
cle a nl In entnin same n nfj-rurinrlfi Epistome longer than wide, and the uterityottomian re- 
l-liUr / A : /j- f ptrrygoOa. gions radlmentary. Eng. Cye., J/at. Hist., III. 57S. 
pterygoideus (ter-i-goi'de-us), n.; pi. pteryooi- ^. 
del (-1). [NL.: see pterygoid.'] A pterygoid Pterygota (ter-i-go ta), n.pl. [NL., neut. pi. of 
muscle.- Pterygoideus externus or minor and I'^Vi/otus : see pterygotc^ One of the prime 
pterygoideus internus or major, two stout muscles of divisions of Innecta, containing all hexapodous 
mastication ; the pterygoid muscles (which see, under insects except Aptera. Geqenbaur. They are nor- 
fterygoiif!. Pterygoideus proprius, a small occasional mally winged (wingless only as an adaptive speciallzetl 
muscle of man, passing from the alisphenoid to the outer modification), and metabolous that Is, they undergo a 
plate or tuberosity of the palate. more or less complete metamorphosis. Also called Ptero- 
pterygomaiillary (ter'i-go-mak'si-la-ri), a. [< dicera > P<*roplu>r<i, and PtOota. 
ptcryuo(id) + maxillary.] Pertaining'toaptery- pterygotfi (ter'i-got), a. [< NL. Pterygolus, < 
Gr. irrepvyurur, winged, < Trf/wf (irrtpvy-), wing: 
. i . 
upon ptery- 
lographical principles, 
pterylograpny (ter-i-log'ra-li). . [< NL. ptrry- 
Iti 4- (ir. -',in<j>ia, < jiHHjitn; write.] The de- 
scription of pteryla 1 , or a treatise on pterylosis: 
a science which had its origin in the "System 
ler Ptervlographie" of Nitxsch, 18:)3-40. 
losis (ter-i-16'sis), H. [NL., < pterybi + 
] Tho arrangement or disposition of ]>ti- 
Uisis; the plumage of a bird, considered with 
reference to the manner in which the feathers 
are implanted in the skin indefinite pteryhe; 
the mode of feathering; the distribution of the 
feathers in tracts, it differs from ptilomt In that the 
latter relates to the character of the plumage Itself, not 
Ptilichthyida (til-ik-thi'i-de), . pi. [NL., < 
f'tilichlliyx + -iWa'.] A family of acanthop- 
terygian fishes, typified by the genus Ptilichtliyit. 
The body Is very elongated a'ml angullliform. the head 
small, the mouth oblique with the lower jaw projecting, 
branchial apertures restricted, dorsal very long and with 
aljout iJU spines and 145 rays, anal long, and ventrals ab- 
sent. Only one species is known. 
Ptilichthys(ti-lik'this), . [NL., < Gr. nr/7w, 
feather, 4- 'i\IH^, fish.] A genus of fishes, typi- 
commonly immovably sutured with the palatal 
and ankylosed with the sphenoid, when it forms 
the part known in human anatomy as the inter- 
nal pterygoid process of the sphenoid, in fishes 
there are several different pterygoid hones, entering Into 
the formation of the pterygopalatal bar or palatxxjuad- 
rate arch, and distinguished as entopterygoid, ectoptery- 
ftt^tf). 
SpinyKick Hcl 
cal of the family Ptilirlithi/idfe. 
known species is P. tjoodii of Bering Hea. 
Ptilocercus (til-6-ser'kus), n. [NL. (J. E. G 
1848), < Gr. xrilav, feather, 4- tdpnof, tail.] A 
The only 
ray, 
Winged; alate; having wings 
or wing-like parts; specifically, belonging to 
the Pteri/i/nta. 
, a. 
goid process or the pterygoid bone and to either " r - TepfyuTof, 
the superior or inferior maxillary bone: spe- Beepferyf/iMm.j 
cifically applied in anatomy to several parts. 
Pterygomaxillary fissure. See fsnm. Pterygo- 
maxillary fold, the fold formed by the ' 
lary ligament in the mouth, back of the last u 
Pterygomaxillary ligament, a tendinous 
ing from the apex of the internal pterygoid plate to the 
potato extremity of the internal oblique line of the 
lower jaw. 
pterygopalatal (ter'i-go-pal'ii-tal), a. [<pttry- 
ijn(i(l) + puliititl.'] Same n> /i/i : n/i/ii/inliitiiif. 
Pterygopalatal bar, the movable series' of bones which PterygOtus(ter-i-go'tu8), n. [NL., < Gr. Trrepv- 
connect the upper jaw of vertebrates below mammals wjr^r wlnmrl KPP, ntfr,inntr 1 A !>t, 
with the suspeiiBorium of the lower jaw. No such bar '. " Wlm ? e<1 ' seepterygote.) A genus of ex- 
occurs in mammals, in which the lower jaw has no suspen- tinct crustaceans of the Silurian period, belong- 
sorium, and the pterygoids are entirely cut off from con- ing to the group Eurypterida, occurring chief- 
skull. 
A well developed pterygo-trabecular process homolo- 
gous . . . with the pedicleof the tadpole's suspensorinm 
A. S. Woodward, Proc. ZooL Soc., 1886, p. 221. 
Penlail Ptilacircut lomi . 
