pullaile 
\vithcalewelsor w . . . 
With conynges or with fym vitallle. 
Hum. of the Rom, L 704S. 
Pullastrse (pu-las'tre), . pi. [NL., pi. of L. 
IHilluxtni. a young hen, a pullet, dim. of pulltui, 
a young fowl: see pullet.'] An artificial as- 
semblage of birds, in which those gallinaceous 
birds which are peristeropod or pigeon-toed, 
as the Crucifix and Megapotlidie, are grouped 
with the true pigeons, or Columbee, including 
tin- dodos. 
pullastrifonn (pu-las'tri-fdnn). o. [< L. pta- 
luntra, a young hen, a pullet, -r forma, form.] 
Same aspulldalrim: 
Pullottriform and Struthlous Birds. 
B. D. Cope, Origin of the Fittest, p. 122. 
pullastrine (pu-las'trin), . [< Pullastrte + 
-ine't.] Pertaining to the Pullastrx, or having 
their characters. 
The riillastrine birds are a generalized group. 
E. D. Cope, Origin of the Fittest, p. 114. 
pull-hack (pul'bak), n. [< putt + bade*-, adv.'] 
1. That which keeps one back or restrains; a 
drawback. 
I appeal to the mind of every particular person that 
hears me whether he has not of ten found a struggle within 
himself, and a kind of pullbact from the sin that he has 
been about to engage In. South, Sermons, VII. xl. 
2. In modern costume for women, a contrivance 
by which the folds of the skirt behind were held 
together closely, so that the skirt in front was 
drawn tightly and hung straight down. It was 
in fashion about 1885. 
pull-cock (piil'kok), . A faucet of which the 
lever is vertical when the outlet is closed, and 
is pulled forward 90 in a vertical plane to open 
the passage fully. 
pull-devil (pul'dev'l), . A device for catching 
fish, made of several hooks fastened back to 
4838 
pulley (piil'i), n. [Formerly also pull/i, />// . 
< (a) late ME. polley (=MI>. polnjr = Sp. /,,il,,i 
= Pg. pole = It. pultggiu, formerly also puleg- 
gto) (ML. polea,poletjin, imli'i/iinii), < <)F. jioulie, 
a pulley (Cotgrave), F. poulie, a pulley, block, 
sheave ; cf. OF. ponlir, poullie, a place to hang 
out clothes; origin uncertain; by some con- 
nected with AS. pullian, E. puU. (b) Cf. ME. 
police, appar., with accom. term, -ive, of like 
origin with the above, (c) ME. poleyne, a pul- 
ley, < OF. poulain (ML. polanux), a pulley-rope, 
a particular use of poulain, a colt: see pullen. 
The transfer of sense from 'colt' to 'a sup- 
port' is paralleled in the use of horse and easel 
(lit. 'ass'), and of F.poutrc, 'filly,' also 'beam,' 
chevre, 'goat,' also 'crane,' and of E. crane it- 
self; also by Or. ovos t ass, crane, pulley.] 1. 
(a) Properly, a simple machine consisting of 
a wheel having a grooved rim for carrying a 
rope or other line, and turning in a frame, 
which, when movable, is termed a pulley-block. 
(b) A block containing several grooved wheels. 
(c) A tackle or apparatus consisting of one 
or more pulley-blocks with a rope or ropes 
reeved through them for use in hoisting. The 
pulley serves to balance a great force against a small 
one ; its sole use is to produce equilibrium ; ft does not 
save work, unless Indirectly in some unmechanical way. 
The pulley is a lever with equal arms ; but when It turns, 
the attachments of the forces are moved. Fig. 1 shows a 
fixed pulley. The equal weights d and e are in equilib- 
rium, because they hang from the equal arms of the lever 
a'<, having its fulcrum at c. Fig. 2 Illustrates the prin- 
ciple of the movable pulley. The equal-armed lever, with 
fulcrum at c, has on one arm the weight d and on the 
other the force of the stretched string be. If there is 
equilibrium, this force must be equal to the weight of d. 
Thus, the total downward pull on/, one arm of the equal- 
armed lever .//, with fulcrum at A, is twice the weight 
of if, which must, therefore, be the weight of i to keep It 
in balance. We may also use the axiom that when a cord 
is free to move along its length it must be under equal 
stress In all its parts. Consequently, when a movable block 
Is supported by a number of parallel parts of the same cord , 
pulley-mortise 
u ihown In tig. 3. The lettering corresponds to that in 
fig. 1, and serves to show the principle. UK. 4 shows tin- 
machine in action. Here a a is the triangular frame of the 
hen': poule, hen (see pullet); tie, of (see de' 2 ); 
fan, water(seefir>e 2 ).] The American coot, Fu- 
lirn amcricuna. [Local, U. S.] 
pull-down (pul'doun), . In organ-building, 
the wire whereby a pallet or valve is opened 
when its digital is depressed ; a pallet-wire. 
pullcnt (pul'en), M. [Msopullein, pullain, pul- 
lin , < OF. poulaiiifpuleyii, polan, F. poulain (cf. 
Pr. polli n, polli = Sp. pollino = It. pollino), the 
young of any animal, esp. a foal, colt, < ML. 
pullanux, also, after Kom., pullenus, polinvs, in., 
"pullana, pulina, f., a foal, colt, filly,< li. pultun, 
a young animal: see pullet.'] Poultry. 
They bring up a great multitude of pullein, and that by 
a marvellous policy, for the hens do not sit upon the 
eggs ; but by keeping them in a certain equal heat they 
bring life into them, and hatch them. 
Sir T. More, Utopia (tr. by Robinson), U. 1. 
A false theefe 
That came like a false foxe my pullain to kll and mis- 
cheefe. Dp. Still, Gammer Ourton's Needle, v. 2. 
To see how pitifully the jmllrn will look, It makes me 
after relent, and turn my anger Into a quick fire to roast 
'em. Middleton, Your Five Oallants, 11. 1. 
Lua. What, three and twenty years In law? 
I'iiul. I hane knowne those that haue beene flue and 
fifty, and all about 1'ullin and Pigges. 
C. Toumevr, Revenger's Tragedy, Iv. 2. 
puller (pul'er), n. [< pull + -w 1 .] One who or 
that which pulls. 
Peace, impudent and shameless Warwick, peace, 
1'roud setter up and putter down of kings ! 
Skat., 3 Hen. VI., III. 3. 167. 
Puller Off, In a press or punchlng-machine, a forked piece 
which is ". adjusted as to be almost in contact with the 
work to be stamped or punched, which it prevents from 
rising when the die or punch is drawn back, 
pullet (pul'et), n. [ME. pulette, polcte, < OF. 
polete, poulette, F. poulette, a chick, young hen, 
dim. of poule, a hen, < ML. pulla (> OF. and F. 
poule), a young hen, fern, of L. pullvs, a young 
animal, young, esp. of domestic fowls, a young 
fowl, a chicken, a young sprout, = E. foal, 
q. v. Cf. poult.'] 1. A young hen. 
And In this niancr, ye that be aunclent teachynge vs, 
and wee obedient, as old fathers and young pullettes, bee- 
jug In the nest of the Senate. Golden Book, viii. 
2. A bivalve, Tapen pullustra, of the family Ve- 
in riita, abundant in European seas, chiefly in 
muddy sand or sandv bottoms near tide-mark. 
It also occupies deserted holes, and is then apt to show 
distortion of the shell, which In growing adapts itself to 
it* surroundings. When not malformed, the shell Is ob- 
long, and the valves are covered with concentric striw be- 
coming coarser and more wavy toward the ends, and crossed 
liy ilivcrging strut. 
pullet-spermt (puret-sperm), . The treadle 
01- c halaza of an egg : so called because formerly 
supposed to be the sperm of the egg. 
Ill no pullet-tperm In my brewage. 
~ *., U. W.uf W., IIL&8S. 
Fig. 3. Fig. 4. 
Fig. 5- 
Pulleys. 
these must bear equal shares nf the load. Thus, In flg. 
3, the lower block with the weight b brings equal strains 
upon four stretches of the cord, one of which is balanced 
by a. Consequently, the weight of b Is four times that 
of o. But the effects of friction and of the stiffness of the 
cord are of great importance in the calculation of the ad- 
vantages of pulleys. There Is a great mechanical advan- 
tage In having separate blocks for all the movable pul- 
leys, as In figs. 4 and 6. Thus, in flg. 4, the weight a Is 
balanced over the lowest pulley by the pull on 6, and the 
sum of these forces drawing down the lowest pulley is 
balanced over the second pulley by the pull on e, which 
Is therefore double the weight at o. Thus, by means of 
four pulleys o balances a 4- 2a + 4a + 8a = a (2* 1), 
or fifteen times instead of (as by the arrangement of flg. 
H) only four times Its own weight. Another arrangement 
is shown In fig. 5. Here, by means of four pulleys, a bal- 
ances eight times IU own weight 
2. In nnat. : (a) A trochlea, or trochlear sur- 
face of an articulation, (b) A ligamentous 
loop which confines or changes the direction of 
l lie tendon of a muscle passing through it: as, 
the digastric muscle of the chin and the supe- 
rior oblique of the eye both pass through a 
pulleu. See cuts under miutrlr and <//< '.Com- 
pound pulley, a system of pulleys by which the power 
to raise heavy weights or overcome resistances is gained at 
the expense of velocity. See def. 1 (c). Conical pulley, 
a cone-pulley. Crown- 
ing pulley, a pulley with 
a convex rim, much used 
where from various causes 
belts are In danger of 
slipping off the centrif- 
ugal force keeping the 
belt on the convexity. 
Dead pulley. Same as 
loote pulley. [Local. Eng.) 
Differential pulley, a 
peculiar machine operat- 
ing upon the prinri|>lr f 
the 1,-ver. Let AD (flg. 1) 
be a lever, having IU ful- 
crum at C, half-way be- 
tween A and D. From D 
and B (a point on AC) cords are attached to the equal 
arms of the lever F.K, with fulcrum at U. Then, If weights 
are placed on A and O no as to balance one another, U Is 
practically supported at the point half-way between B 
and D. The ratio of the weight at U to that at A is there- 
fore AC/(CD BC). The differential pulley lias above one 
solid wheel with two grooved rims, the lower one being 
furnished with spikes to enter the links of a chain and 
prevent It from running over the wheel (see flg. 2). An 
endless chain is reeved upon this and upon a pulley below, 
Fig. 3. 
Differential Pulley. 
Flat-roue Pulley for 
tr.iiivii mm*,' power by 
means of a kimi or 
rope. /". face of pul- 
ley ; i], nauges. 
Crowning Pulley. 
traveler, b a link with which the hook e of the differen- 
tial pulley p engages, and r, r rollers which support the 
frame on the rail R. Double-speed pulley, a combina- 
tion of two loose pulleys (see lonac pulley) and toothed 
gearing with one fast-driven pulley, whereby two differ- 
ent speeds of rotation may be obtained with pulleys of 
the same diameter by shifting the band from the fast pul- 
ley to one of the loose pulleys. Also called tvo-gpetd pvl- 
ley. Driven pulley, in intch., a pulley which receives 
Its motion through a belt or band from another pulley 
called the driving pulley. Driving pulley, a pulley 
which, by means of a belt or band, transmits Its motion 
to another pulley. A wide-faced pulley is often both a 
driven and a driving pulley. Faat-and-loose pulleys. 
See /(M<1. Fast pulley, a pulley firmly attached to the 
shaft from which it receives or to which it communicates 
motion. Flat-rope pulley, a pulley 
with a sheave having In Its perimeter 
a rectangular or nearly rectangular 
groove, Instead of the usual semicir- 
cular score. Frame pulley, a pul- 
ley which has, instead of a block, a 
sort of frame of iron In which the 
sheave or sheaves are pivoted. 
Loose pulley, a pulley fitted loosely 
on a shaft and placed near a fast pul- 
ley to receive and support the belt 
when It Is thrown off in order to dis- 
connect the shaft It Is practically 
an idle-wheel. Parting pulley, a 
pulley or belt-wheel that can be sep- 
arated into two parts so that a shaft 
need not be dismounted in order to 
receive It. Scored pulley, a pulley 
having a semicircular groove atout 
Its perimeter to receive a band of circular section, or a 
rope. E. H. Ktiight. Side pulley, a pulley the block of 
which has laterally or vertically extending lugs, with 
holes therein, by which It may be bolted to a wall or post. 
Sliding pulley, a pulley with a clutch mechanism 
placed so as to slide backward and forward on a shaft: 
used for coupling and disengaging machinery, and also 
as a pulley. Tug pulley, in a well-boring rig, the pulley 
which, by means of the bull-rope acting as a crossed band, 
Imparts motion to the bull-wheel of an oil-derrick. See 
oil-derrick. 
pulley (pul'i), v. t. [< pvlley, n. C'f. Y.iioulier, 
raise with a pulley, <poulie, a pulley.] To raise 
or hoist with a pulley. [Bare.] 
A Mine of white Stone was discovered hard by, which 
runs In a continued Vein of Earth, and is digged out with 
Ease, being soft, and Is between a white Clay and chalk at 
first ; but being pvlleyed up with (Into t] the open Air, It 
receives a crusty kind of Hardness, and so becomes per- 
fect Freestone. Uowett, Letters, I. 1. Hi. 
pulley-block (pul'i-blok), . A shell contain- 
ing one or more sheaves, the whole forming a 
pulley. 
pulley-box (pul'i-boks), n. In a draw-loom, a 
frame containing the pulleys for guiding the 
tail-cords. E. a. Knight. 
pulley-check (pul'i-chek), . An automatic 
clutch or locking device designed to prevent a 
rope from running backward through a pulley- 
block. 
pulley-clutch (piil'l-klm-h). An automat !< 
device, in the form of a gntppling-toags, for 
fastening a hoiHting-]nillfy to a beam or raf- 
tlT. 
pulley-drum (puPi-drumi. . A pullcy-shfll 
or pulley-block, 
pulley-frame (puPi-frani). . In minimi. WHIM- 
;i> Ill-mi- t'riiini. ini/i/K-l-hiail, < (.-. 
pulley-mortise (iml'i-mdr'tis). . Sam. a- 
cll<IM -mill-It** . 
