pump-kettle 
pump-tube to prevent the entrance of foreign 
mutters; a strainer. K. II. Knii/ht. 
pumpkin (pmnp'kin), n. [Formerly also /nan- 
kin (and in popular use, though spelled pump- 
kin, now generally pronounced pung'kin, as if 
written punkin); an altered form, simulating 
the term, -kin, of pumpion.] The fruit of a va- 
riety of Ciicurbita 1'epo; also, the plant which 
produces it. The plant is a coarse decumbent vine, 
often many feet long; the leaves are heart-shaped and 
somewhat lobed, nearly a foot across, and rough and al- 
most prickly, as are also their hollow stalks. The gourd- 
like fruit is nearly globular or somewhat oblong, flattened 
at the ends, a foot or more in length , and of a deep orange- 
yellow color when ripe. Inside it is partly filled with a 
dryish stringy pulp containing the seeds; the esculent 
part is a fleshy layer an inch or two thick beneath the rind. 
The pumpkin is of supposed Asiatic origin, and I* culti- 
vated in many countries ; in England it has been culti- 
vated either as a curiosity or for food since 1570. It is 
thought to have been known to the American aborigines, 
and to have been planted by them among their maize. In 
America it has been largely given as food to cattle, and is 
also used on the table, especially in pumpkin-pie; but 
In culinary use it is now largely superseded by the squaah, 
and is less grown for other purposes than formerly. The 
pumpkin has various subvarieties, and is closely related to 
the vegetable marrow. (See nuimwl.) The name is some- 
times wrongly applied to forms of the squash. In Eng* 
land occasionally called gourd or pumpkin-gourd. See 
Cucurbita. 
We had an entertainment of boiled wheat with meat in 
it, and a dish of the pumkin kind, dressed after their way. 
Poenekr, Description of the East, II. i. 181. 
pumpkin-head (pump'kin-hed), H. A stupid 
fellow; a dolt, [Colloq., U. S.] 
pumpkin-seed (pump'kin-sed), M. 1. The seed 
of the pumpkin. 2. One of many small cen- 
trarchoid fishes of the genus Lcpomis or I'omotin, 
especially the common suufish of the eastern 
United States, L. t/ibbosus: so called from the 
shape. Also tobacco-box. See cut under SMM- 
fislt. [U. S.] 3. A type of yacht-built boat, 
broad and cat- or sloop-rigged. It is a very 
wet sailer, ffenshall. [Florida.] 4. A very 
flat, wide row-boat, of the shape of a pumpkin- 
seed, used in water that is shallow or encum- 
bered with weeds or grass. [U. S.] 
pumpkin-vine (pump'kiu-vin), . The pump- 
kin-plant. 
pump-lug (pump'lug), n. A lug cast upon 
the cross-head of a locomotive, to which the 
pump-plunger is attached, and which imparts 
a reciprocating motion to the plunger. 
pump-piston (ptimp'pis'ton), H. The plunger, 
cup, or bucket, reciprocating in a cylinder, by 
means of which the function of a pump is per- 
formed. 
pump-plunger (pump'plun'"jer), . 1. The 
solid piston of a plunger-pump: used to dis- 
tinguish this class of pump-piston from those 
which contain a valve. 2. A pump-piston of 
which the part that operates in the pump-bar- 
rel also extends out through the stuffing-box, 
and is either itself the piston-rod or plunger- 
rod, or is connected with a piston-rod or plun- 
ger-rod exteriorly to the stuffing-box. 
pump-room (pump'rom), H. A room connected 
with a mineral spring, in which the waters are 
drunk. 
Her first resolution . . . [was to seek Miss Tilney] In 
the Putnp Konm at noon. In the Pump Room one so 
newly arrived in Bath must be met with. 
Jane Aunten, Northanger Abbey, Ix. 
pump-scraper (pump'skra'per), n. A circular 
plate used for cleaning out a pump-barrel. 
pump-spear (pump'sper), n. The rod connect- 
ing the handle and the valve of a pump. 
pump-staff (pump'staf ), n. The pump-spear or 
piston-rod of a pump. 
pump-stock (pump'stok), . The body of a 
pump. 
pump-stopper (pump'stop'er), H. ffaut., a plug. 
pump-thunder (pump'thun'der), n. [So called 
in allusion to its booming cry; < 'pump, var. 
of bump 1 , + thunder.] The American bittern, 
Botiinrii.t i/ini/itans or lentiginosus. Also called 
Hiiniilrr-pitniper, [Local, U. S.] 
pump-well (pump'wel), n. 1. A well from 
which water or other fluid is raised by means 
of a pump. 2. Xaut., a compartment formed 
by bulkheads round the pumps on shipboard, 
to keep them clear of obstructions, to protect 
thorn from injury, and to afford ready admit- 
tance for examining their condition. 
pumyt, . [A quasi-sing. form of pioiiicf, taken 
as plural: see ^ inn in: Cf. piiniin'-ntoiii:] A 
pebble; a stono. [Rare.] 
And oft the pumief latched. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., March. 
pun 1 (pun), r. /. ; pret. and pp. puiiiinl. p]>r. 
puiinini/. [< ME. "yodieii, < AS. pun/an, beat, 
4846 
pound: see pound 3 , the same word in diff. 
form.] Tobeat; strike with force; ram; pound, 
as in a mortar ; reduce to powder. [Obsolete 
or prov. Eug.] 
lie would pun thee Into shivers with his fist, as a sailor 
breaks a biscuit Skat., T. and C., II. 1. 42. 
The roots must be Brat sliced and dried In the sunne, 
or by the fire, and then, being punned into Soure, will 
make good bread. IIMuyt't Voyaget, III. 272. 
Yea sometimes In the winter season, when he was In 
the country, he refused not to cleave wood, and to punnr 
barley, and to doe other country works only for the eier- 
clse of his body. Coghan'i Haven of Health, p. 2iS. 
Too much stress cannot he laid upon good sound pun- 
uiivi. The earth, u it Is thrown In, should be thorough- 
ly well punned at every stage. 
Pnece and Sitseuriyhl, Telegraphy, p. 196. 
pun' 2 (pun), r. ; pret. and pp. punned, ppr. JIUM- 
iiint/. [Usually explained as a particular use 
of punt, pound, as if to pound or beat words, 
as it were into new shapes (cf. twist, terror, as 
used of words; clench, clinch, a pun); but this 
explanation requires the verb to have been orig. 
transitive, ' to pound ' (sc. words) ; evidence of 
such a use is lacking, and it is not certain that 
the verb precedes the noun.] I. intrans. To 
make puns. 
Who dealt In doggrel, or who punned In prose. 
Dryden, ti. of Juvenal, i. 189. 
II. trans. To affect by a pun. 
The sermons of Bishop Andrews and the tragedies of 
Shakspeare are full of themlpuns). The sinner was pun- 
nod Into repentance by the former, as In tin- latter no- 
thing is more usual than to see a hero weeping and quib- 
bling for a dozen lines together. 
.\ilili*'n, Spectator, No. 61. 
pun 2 (pun), H. [See;>Mii 2 , r.] An expression in 
which the use of a word in two different appli- 
cations, or the use of two different words pro- 
nounced alike or nearly alike, presents an odd 
or ludicrous idea ; a play 011 words that are 
alike or nearly alike in sound but differ in 
meaning; a kind of verbal quibble. 
A pun can be no more engraven than it can be trans- 
lated. When the word is construed into its Idea, the 
double meaning vanishes. Additon, Ancient Medals, II. 
A better pun on this word (gay] was made on the Beg- 
gar's Opera, which, it was said, made day rich, and Rich 
gay. H'alpule, Anecdotes of Painting, V. 92, note. 
= Syn. Pun, Paronomasia, Asuonance. Pun and paro- 
nomasia are often confounded, but are in strictness dis- 
tinct In form and effect. A pun is a play upon two senses 
of the same word or sound, and Its effect Is to excite a 
sense of the ludicrous : as, 
They went and told the sexton, and 
The sexton toll'd the bell. 
Hood, Sally Brown. 
Even when taken into sober discourse, the pun has an 
effect at least of oddity : as, 
for Sufolk't duke, may he be rufocate. 
Shot., 2 Hen. VI., L 1. 124. 
Hence modern taste excludes puns from serious writing 
and speaking. Paronomasia is rather the use of words 
that are nearly but not quite alike in sound, and it height- 
ens the effect of what Is said without suggesting the ludi- 
crous: as, "Per anguxta ad auffusta"; "And catch with 
his turceaie suecea, ' Shot., Macbeth, L 7. 4 ; 
To begirt the almighty throne 
Beieeching or besieging. Milton, P. L., T. 869. 
As in these examples, it is most likely to be used where 
the words thus near In sound are far apart In meaning. 
It is very common in the original languages of the Bible, 
especially in the Old Testament, as In Isa. T. 7. An at- 
tempt to imitate it may be found In Mat xxi. 41, revised 
version. Atsonance is the bare fact of resemblance of 
sound, being generally accidental, and in the majority of 
cases disagreeable to the ear : as, unfold old truths, our 
power, if of, is ru, and Andrew drew, the then condition. 
For the technical meaning of a&onance, tee def. 2 under 
that word. 
puna (ptf'nS), . [Peruv.] In the Peruvian 
Andes, nearly the same as paramo. 
Tschndl says that by the name of puna is designated 
the high table-land In Pern and Bolivia lying between the 
two great chains of the Cordillera, beginning at an eleva- 
tion of about 10,500 feet above the sea-level, and extend- 
ing to the regions of eternal snow. 
J, D. Whitney, Names and Places, p. 196. 
punatoo(pun-a-t8'),n- [Cingalese.] In Ceylon, 
the preserved'pulp of the fruit of the palmyra- 
palm. It Is the chief food of the poorer classes of the 
peninsula of Jaffna for several months of the year, and 
is used in soups, etc. 
puna-wind (po'na-wind), n. A cold and re- 
markably dry wind which blows from the Cor- 
dilleras across the table-land called the Puna, 
in Peru. 
punch 1 (punch), r. t. [< ME. pmtetm = Sp. 
inincliar (< ML. puncture), punzar=Pg. puiiyar 
(< ML. "punctiiire, punctuare), pierce, prick, 
punch, sting, < ML. punctuare, puncture, pierce, 
prick, punch. < L. punclum, punctus, a point: 
see point*, n. and r. The E. form is in part due 
to the related noun punclin< (srr punrhtimi), 
and has been in part confused with ME. pun- 
punch 
chen, var. of punischen, punish (aeepunch?), also 
with ME. biiHchru, beat, strike (sec bunch*).] 
1. To make a hole or holes in with a punch or 
some similar instrument; pierce; perforate: 
as, to punch a metal plate. 
When I was mortal, my anointed body 
By thee was punched full of deadly holes. 
Shalt., Rich. III., v. S. 126. 
2. To make with or as with a punch: &s, to punch 
a hole in something Punching-and-sheartng 
machine, a machine having both punches and shearing- 
plates connected with the same standard or bed, and with 
the same driving pulley or motor. Punching- preM, a 
die-press constructed like an ordinary punching-macbine. 
punch 1 (punch), n. [<puncli l , r. ; inpartprob. 
abbr. of puncheon 1 , q. v.] 1. A tool the work- 
ing end of which is pointed, blunt, a continu- 
ous edge inclosing an area, or a pattern in re- 
lief or intaglio, and which acts either by pres- 
sure or percussion (applied in the direction of 
its longitudinal axis) to perforate or indent a 
solid material, or to drive out or in objects in- 
serted in previously formed perforations or 
cavities. The pointed punch may be regarded as a 
chisel with a very narrow edge, cutting, therefore. In one 
point only, and 
forcing adja- 
cent parts of 
the material 
asunder by a 
wedge-like ac- 
tion. Tin' ac- 
tion of a punch 
with a continu- 
ous edge Inclos- Punch, 
ing an area is o. piece to be punched ;/. punch ; A. handle ; 
also analogous r, suppurt for <r; /, tow*. 'I he punch b oper- 
to the action of alc '* b Y striking with a hammer or sledge at m. 
, ,.|tU,,t Tl, Theton|f*areuiualiyhcM in the left hanclofthe 
, , i. smith, anil the hancfleof the punch In his right 
action of a flat- |,. UL ,| p |, ls ..v,,,!.,,,, delivering the blow. 
nosed punch. 
when used with a die to which it Is fitted, Is that of a 
shear-blade, the parts of the material operated upon be- 
ing separated by sliding over each other, Instead of being 
wedged apart, as is the operation of the pointed punch. 
Hardened and tempered steel Is the usual material of 
which punches are made. Solid punches with engraved 
faces are used for stamping-tiles, as In coining, and with 
Slain Hat faces are used In connection with accurately 
t teil dies for making clean-cut holes In metal plates, and 
also for punching out blanks for buttons, coins, small 
gear-wheels, etc. Hollow punches, or punches having 
continuous edges Inclosing an area, are principally used 
for cutting either very thin, soft sheet-metal, as tin, brass, 
or copper plates, or other soft flexible substances, as lea- 
ther, paper, or cloth. The pointed punch Is used for 
marking centers In the operation of turning, or for punch- 
ing holes In thin materials where clean cutting Is of no 
importance, as in punching holes In sheet-zinc or -tin for 
the reception of nails in nailing such sheets to wood. 
2. A tool used to force nail-heads below the 
surface. 3. A stone-masons' chipping-tool ; a 
puncheon. 4. Insurg., an instrument used for 
extracting the stumps of teeth. 5. In decora- 
tive art, a tool in the form of a bar, sometimes 
fitted with a handle and engraved at the end in 
a cross, concentric ring, or other device. It is 
used for impressing ornamental patterns upon 
clay or other plastic materials. 6. The en- 
graved model of a printing-type on the end of 
a steel rod: so called from its being punched 
in a copper bar which makes the matrix, or a 
reversed impression of the model. 7. In carp., 
studding by which a roof is supported. 8. In 
hydraul. cngin., a short length placed on the 
top of a pile to permit the monkey of a pile- 
driver to bear upon it when it has been dnven 
too low to be struck directly; a dolly. 9. In 
coal-mining, same as pout*. [North. Eng.] 
Centering punch, a pointed steel punch with parallel 
aides, sliding freely in the stem of an inverted funnel or 
centering cone. C. P. B. Shelley, Workshop Appliances, 
p. 186 Coopers' punch, a punch operated by a lever 
and making two holes at once. It la used to punch rivet- 
holes in iron hoops. Duplex punch, (a) A punch 
which has a counter-die on the opposite pan, as in a ticket- 
punch. (6) A punch operated by the rolling action of two 
levers on one fulcrum, forming a toggle. Hollow punch. 
See def. 1. 
punch'- 5 (punch), v. t. [< ME. MMoim, a synco- 
pated form otpunischen, punish (cf . similar syn- 
copated ME. forms of polish, vanixh, and the re- 
verse in ME. perishen, var. of perclien, percen, 
pierce : see pierce). Punch in this sense has 
been confused with punch 1 , with which it is 
now practically identified: see punch*, and cf. 
ftunfn 2 .] If. Same n* punish. 
Punchyn, or chastysen, punysshen, punlo, castigo. 
Prompt. Pan., p. 416. 
For jour errours on erthe . . . 
3e schulle be punched. 
Alexander and Dindimut, 1. 747. 
2. To give a blow, dig, or thrust to; beat with 
blows of the fist: as, topunclt one on the head, 
or to punch one's head. [Colloq.] 
With a goade he puncht each furious dame. 
And made them every one cast downe their greene ami 
leavie ipeares. Chapman, Iliad, vl. 
