pygmy 
pygmy, pigmy (pig'mi), . t. ; pret. and pp. 
pyiiiiiiftl, /iii/mied, ppr. pygmyfng, pigwtgfkg. 
f< i>ygmy, .] To make like a pygmy; dwarf. 
Rare.] 
Stand off, thim poetaster, from thy press, 
Whn iiifitiiiivl ni;irtyrs with thy dwarf-like verse. 
Wood, Fasti Oxon. (1st <!<!.), II. 7'Jt). (Lnlhmn.) 
pygmy-weed (pig'mi-wed), . A plant, TS/tea 
ximpli-jc, a, tufted annual an inch or two high, 
found on muddy banks from Nantucket to 
Maryland. 
Pygdbrancbia (pi-go-brang'ki-S,), n. pi. [NL., 
< Qr. TV)'/, rump, + fipayxia, gills.] In J. E. 
Gray's classification (1821), one of two orders 
(the other being Folybranchia) of gymno- 
branchiate gastropods, having plumose or 
branching gills surrounding the anus on the 
middle of the hinder part of the back, and the 
skin more or less spiculous. It was framed to re- 
ceive the families Oiicnidorida, Doridid&, (Jnniodoridx, 
Polycerida, Triopidx, and Cerainsomidft. Anthobranchia 
is a synonym. 
Pygobranchiata (pi-go-brang-ki-a'tS), n. pi. 
NL., neut. pi. of pygobranchiatus : see pygo- 
branchiate.] Same as Pygobranchia. 
pygobranchiate (pi-go-brang'ki-at), a. [< NL. 
pygobranchiatus, < Gr. irvyii, rump, + Pp&yxta, 
gills: see branchiate.'] Having gills around 
the anus ; of or pertaining to the I'ygobranclii- 
nta. 
pygodidymus (pi-go-did'i-mus), .; pi. pygo- 
didymi (-mi). [NL.,< Gr. viryf/, rump, + ttovfiof, 
double, twofold, twin.] Same as dipygus. 
pygopagus (pi-gop'a-gus), n.; pi. pygopagi 
(-11). [NL., < Gr. mi-pi, rump, + 7r<i}of, that 
which is fixed or firmly set, \ m^vi-voi, make 
fast, make solid.] In teratol., a double mon- 
ster with union at the buttocks. 
pygoparasiticus (pl-go-par-a-sit'i-kus), H. ; pi. 
pygoparasitici (-si). [NL., < Gr. m'j//, rnmp,+ 
4871 
tebrw, the clavicle not dilated and loop-shaped 
proximally, and no postorbital or postfrontal 
squaraosal arches. T. Hill, Smithsonian Re- 
port, 1885. 
pygopodous (pi-gop'o-dus), a. [< 
irapaaiTin6t, parasitic.] In teratol., a pygopagus 
where one fetus is a parasite. 
pygope (pi'gop), n. A li/.ard of the family 1'ij- 
gopodidx; a pygopod. 
Pygopidae (pi-gop'i-de), n.pl. [NL.] Same as 
t'ygopodidie. 
pygopod (pi'go-pod), a. and w. [< Gr. TTW}?/, 
rump, + TTOI? (jro(5-) = E. foot.] I. a. 1. In or- 
ni/li., rump-footed, as an auk, loon, or grebe; 
having the legs inserted far back, appearing 
close by the rump ; of or pertaining to the I'\j- 
gopodes. 2. In herpet., of or pertaining to the 
Pygopodidse. 
ll. H. In herpet., a lizard of the family 1'ygo- 
podidfe. 
Pygopodes (pi-gop'o-dez), n. pi [NL. : see 
aygopod.] An order of swimming and diving 
birds, the rump-footed birds, having the legs 
inserted very far back, and buried in the com- 
mon integument of the body nearly to the heel. 
Its limits have varied with different writers, but It Is now 
generally considered to include the loons, grebes, and 
auks, and to exclude the penguins, which, though pygop- 
odous, are otherwise very different in important respects. 
It then consists of the families Colymbidir, Podidvedidse, 
and Alcidte, In consequence of the position of the legs, 
these birds can hardly walk, and when on land they as- 
sume a more or less nearly upright attitude. See cuts 
under Alca, grebe, and loon. 
Pygopodidae (pi-go-pod 'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Pi/gopodrx + -id&.] An Australian family of 
eriglossate lacertilians, typified by the genus 
I'l/gopus, alone representing the superfamily 
Pygopodoideti, having the frontal bone excluded 
from the orbit, the prefrontal and postfrontal 
bones being extended and contiguous. Also 
Pygopida. 
Pygopodoidea (pi*go-po-doi'de-a), n. pi. [NL., 
< Pygopodes + -oiifeiz.J A superfamily of eri- 
glossate lacertilians, represented by the family 
Pygopodiite alone, having concavo-convex ver- 
-iw.j In ornith., rump-footed; specifically, of 
or pertaining to the Pygojiodex, or having the 
characters of that group of birds : also applied 
to some birds, as cormorants and penguins, 
which do not belong to the Pygopodes. 
Pygopus (pi'go-pus), . [NL. (Merrem, 1820), 
< Gr. mifti, rump, + iroif = E. foot.] A ge- 
nus of lizards, typical of the family Pygopodidte, 
having a pair of rudimentary hind limbs. P. 
lepidopodux, the only species, inhabits Austra- 
lia ; it is about 2 feet long. See cut in preced- 
ing column. 
Pygoscelis (pi-gos'e-lis), . [NL. (Wagler, 
1832), < Gr. ITU}'/, rump, + ove/Aof, leg.] A ge- 
nus of pen- 
guins, of which 
the gentoo or 
so-called Pa- 
puan penguin, 
/'. papua or P. 
tseninta, is the 
type. It is one 
of those com- 
monly called 
johnny by 
sailors. See 
gentoo^. 
pygostyle d>i'- 
go-stil), n. [< 
Gr. Trv) //, rump, 
+ ori'/'.of, col- 
umn.] In or- 
nith., the vo- 
mer or plow- 
share bone of a bird's tail, consisting of a num- 
ber of caudal vertebra) ankylosed together for 
the support of the tail-feat hers, and possessed by 
nearly all birds. 
Since ' the oldest 
known birds (of Ju- 
rassic age) had no 
pygostyle, but a 
long tapering tail 
like a lizard's with 
a pair of large fea- 
thers to each verte- 
bra (see cut under 
Archjeoptfryx), and 
since all modern 
birds have a pygo- 
cax\e(HattaetM* UNf-Hrf/Miiis .01 wnicn style, Upon which 
the last./, is the pygostyle. (1 wo thirds, fathers are bunch- 
ed In several pairs, 
it follows that, theoretically, a pygostyle Includes or rep- 
resents as many coalesced caudal vertebrw as there are 
pairs of feathers in the tall namely, five or six in most 
birds, up to twelve or more in some. But this view does 
not rest upon observation. Whatever it* morphological 
character, the pygostyle is always the last bone of the tail, 
and always conspicuous in size ; In shape it Is very vari- 
able in different birds. 
Pyloridea 
arterioHii.s) of thn lower vertebrate. See IrvM- 
cus. 
pylar (pi'Ulr), a. [< pyb* + -'*. ] Of or per- 
taining to a pyle; specifically, pertaining to the 
pylt of the Drain. 
pylchet, " A Middle English form at pilrk 1 . 
pyle't, . A Middle English form of pilf 1 , etc. 
pyle- (pU), [Perhaps a use of pyl>' 1 = pile 1 .] 
A single grain of chaff. Kurng, To the Unco 
Quid. [Scotch.] 
pyle 3 (pi)), H. [< Gr. iri'iii, a gate.] A pore or 
other orifice or opening of small size, as a mi- 
cropyle. Coves. 
pylerjiphraxis (pi-lem-frak'sis), w. [NL., < Gr. 
iri'Aj/, a gate, + i/ifpafif, a stopping: see rm- 
phractif.] Obstruction of the portal vein. 
pylephlebitiB (pi-lef-le-bl'tis), . [NL., < Gr. 
iri'X>?, a gate, + f'sJ $(+Atji-), a vein, + -itu. Ct. 
phlebitis.] Inflammation of the portal vein and 
its branches. 
pylethrombosis (pi-leth-rom-bo'sis), n. [NL., 
< Gr. ffi'?.)?, a gate, + NL. thrombi*!*, q. v.j 
Thrombosis of the portal vein. 
pylgrimt, ". A Middle English form of pilgrim. 
pylon (pi'lon), n. [< Gr. iru/wv, a gateway, < 
jrWi?, a gat, a gateway.] In arch., a monu- 
mental gateway to an Egyptian temple, or oth- 
er important building. The pylon was sometime* a 
single structure, in outline membling a truncated pjrra- 
(icntoo I PygosfClis tritiata ). 
le. Hight caudal vertebra? of an 
(Halialtui llHCfflfka/ta\of which 
Upidopodns. a, rudiment of hind leg. 
,MIII 111 U11ICIC111 l/ttvto. 
pygostyled(pi'go-stild), a. [<pyffotyle + -ctft.] 
Furnished with a pygostyle ; forming or con- 
verted into a pygostyle. 
Tail short as to its vcrtcbnc, which are pyyottuUd. 
Couet, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 238. 
pyic (pi'ik), . [< Gr. KVOV, pus, + -ic.] Of or 
belonging to pus : purulent, 
pyjamas. " pl- Same &spajaman. 
pykt, pyket, and v. Obsolete spellings of 
pykedt a. A Middle English form of piked. 
pykeyst, n. A Middle English form of pickax. 
Prompt. Pan. 
pyknometer, Same as pycnomeler. 
pyknon, . See pycnon. 
pyla (pi'la), ; pl- J>y' (*) [Nk., < Gr. irvAti, 
a gate.] " The orifice by which each paraque- 
duct or optic ventricle of the brain communi- 
cates with the aqueduct of Sylvius. 
pylagoras (pi-lag'o-ras), .; pl. pylagorai (-ri). 
[< Gr. IIi>?.a>dpaf (see def.), < Hi>ju, the Pass 
of Thermopylae (pl. of Moi, gate, pass), + 
ayeipeiv, collect, gather : see agora.] In ancient 
Greece, an elected delegate or representative 
of a constituent state in the Amphictyonic 
Council. The pylagorai were secondary to the delegates 
entitled hieromntmona (see huromnemm), and had their 
name from the older place of assembly of the Pythian 
Amphictyony, at Pylai (Thermopylss). 
pylagore (pi'la-gor), n. [< Gr. nvterfpof : see 
ni/lagoras.] Same as pylagoras. 
pylangial (pi-lan'ji-al), o. [< pylangi-tim -I 
-al.] Pertaining to the pylangium. 
pylangium (pi-lan-ji'um), n. ; pl. pylangia (-S). 
[NTj., < Gr. irM^, a gate, + ayytlov, a vessel.] 
The first section of the arterial trunk (truncus 
Pylon. Temple of Edfou, Egypt. 
mid. through which the passage for the gate was pierced, 
but was more typically a combination of two such trun- 
cated pyramidal structures, connected by a lower archi- 
tectural memlwr, In which was the gate proper. They 
were usually covered with elaborate decoration in . 
sculpture, together with hieroglyphic Inscriptions. 
Often used synonymously with propylon. (Com- 111 
pare propylm.) Various forms of the pylon are Hiero- 
used as hieroglyphic symbols. That shown in the Eff 
cut stands for On, the Greek Hellopolls. 
pylorectomy (pi-l9-rek'to-mi), n. [< NL. py- 
liiriin + Or. eKTOfif/, a cutting out.] Excision of 
the pylorus, as for cancer. 
pylorlC(pi-lor'ik), o. and n. [< NL. pylorux + -i<-.] 
I. a. In awa(.,of or pertaining to the pylorus: 
opposed to cardiac: as, pyloric valve; pyloric 
orifice; pyloric compartment of the stomach. 
See cuts under Mbranchiata, ink-bag, and I'H- 
textinf. 
In the darter, which has a pyloric division or compart- 
ment of the gizzard, this is nearly filled with a mass of 
matted hairs, a peculiar modification of the epithelial lin- 
ing, sen-Ing to guard the mlaru orifice. 
Coua, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 213. 
Pyloric artiy, a branch of the hepatic artery, distrib- 
uted to the pyloric extremity and lesser curvature of the 
stomach. The name Is sometimes restricted to the small 
branch given off to the pylorus only. Pyloric caeca, (o) 
In iehth., more or less numerous oecal divcrtlcnla which 
are generally found about the beginning of the small Intes- 
tine of fishes. (6) In rntam., the cecal dlverticula with 
which the chyliflc ventricle of an Insect may be provided. 
See cut under Blattida. Pyloric glands. See gland. 
Pyloric orifice. Sameaspirfonu, l(a). Pyloric ossicle. 
a transverse, partly calcined plate situated in the roof of 
the pyloric part of the stomach of some crustaceans, as 
crawfish, and connected with the ptrocardic by the ijrgo- 
cardlac ossicle. pyloric plexus. See pteru*. Pyloric 
sacs. In echinoderms, dilatations of the alimentary canal, 
at of a starfish, on the aboral side of the cardiac sacs, sep- 
arated by a constriction from the latter, and provided with 
tubular processes along the aboral aspect of a ray or arm. 
Pyloric tube a narrowed or tubular part of the sto- 
mach of a fish. Pyloric vein, a small vein accompany- 
ing the pyloric arUry and emptying Into the portal vein. 
n. .;>'. The pyloric cca of a fish. 
When ascending into fresh water with their on nearly 
ready for extrusion, their pyiorict are loaded with fat 
PiM (London), Dec. 28. 1888. 
Pylorideat (pi-16-rid'e-ft), n. pl. [NL., < Gr. 
-v)jj t >6f, also TTv/owpoc, a gate-keeper (see pylo- 
rus), + -idea.] In De Blainville's classification, 
the ninth family of bivalve mollusks. character- 
ized by gaping shells with deep pallial emar- 
gination. It contains a number of genera now dissoci- 
ated in several different families, especially JTyfctr, So- 
loud*, Haxtearidjc, and Gattroclamidf. 
