Pyrenaemata 
Pyrenasmata (pir-o-nr-'iiui-tii), n. />l. [XL., 
nriit. pi. nf />i/r< iiiriiiiitiix: si-i' i>yreiicmatt>u>>.] 
Those animals which are pyivin-matoiiH, as a 
lower scries nf vertebrates. See Apyrenirmntii. 
pyrenarium (pi-re na'ri-um), .; pi. pyrenaria 
(-6). [NL.,<py;Wifl, stone of afruit,+ -arium.] 
A pome; properly, a drupaceous pome that 
is, one containing pyrenes, as that of the med- 
lar and of I'rdtsijua. [Rare.] 
pyrene 1 (pi'ren), . [< NL. pyrrna, < Or. Trvpi/v, 
thf stone of a fruit, as of a date or olive.] A 
stone or putamen, properly when there are sev- 
eral in a single fruit, as in the huckleberry and 
other berry-like drupes, and in some pomes 
with a stony endocarp, as those of the haw- 
thorn and medlar; a nutlet. Also ossiculus. 
pyrene 2 (pi'ren), n. [< Gr. mp, fire, + -ene.] 
A hydrocarbon (C'i 5 H 12 ) obtained from coal- 
tar. pyrene^oil. See olive-oil. 
Pyrenean (pir-e-ne'an), a. [= F. Pyreneen, < L. 
Pyrentei, sc. monies', the Pyrenees, < Pyrene, < 
Gr. Hvpi]vri, the Pyrenees.] Of or pertaining to 
the Pyrenees, a range of mountains between 
France and Spain. 
Till o'er the hill- her eagles flew 
Beyond the Pyrenean pines. 
Tennyson, Death of Wellington, vi. 
pyreneite (pir-e-ne'it), n. [< Pyrenees(see def.) 
+ -ifc" 2 . ] A variety of garnet of a grayish-black 
color, found in the Pyrenees. 
pyrenematous (pir-e-nem'a-tus), n. [< NL. py- 
rensematux, < Gr. TTDU//V. the stone of a fruit, + 
aifta (a'iftar-), blood.] Having nucleated blood- 
corpuscles : distinguished from apyrenemntotm. 
Oullii-er. 
Pyrenestes (pir-e-nes'tez), n. [NL. (Swainson, 
1837), also erron'. Pirenestcs; irreg. < Gr. mipi/v, 
the stone of a fruit, + tatiietv, eat (cf. Chon- 
dentes).] A leading genus of Spermestina, in- 
cluding a 7iumber of African spermestine birds, 
as P. ostrina (or sanguined) and P. coccinca. 
pyrenin (pi-re'nin), w. [< pyrrne 2 + - 2 .] In 
oiol., according to F. Schwartz, the chemical 
substance composing the nucleoli of a cell the 
nuclear membrane being accordingly termed 
aniphi/iyrcnin. 
pyrenium (pi-re'ni-um), w.; pi. pyrenia (-a). 
[NL., < Gr. mpqvtov, dim. of irvpijii, the stone of 
a fruit: see pyrene 1 .] In hot., the hypothecium 
of a nucleiform or angiocarpous apothecium. 
Eneyc. Brit. 
pyrenocarp(l>i-re'no-kiirp), n. [< Gr. xvpf/v, the 
stone of a fruit, + ioi/wrof, fruit.] In hot. : (a) 
Any drupaceous fruit, (b) In mycol., same as 
perithecium. 
pyrenocarpous (pi-re-uo-kar'pus), a. [< pyre- 
>tocari> + -ous.] lu hot., resembling, belonging 
to, or possessing a pyrenocarp. 
pyrenodean (pi-re-no'de-an), n, [< pyrrnnilf- 
OHS + -fin.'] In hot., pyrenodeous; specifically, 
having the character of a pyrenium. 
pyrenodeine (pi-re-no'df-in ), a. [< pyrenode-ous 
+ -ine 1 .] In hot., same as pyrenoid. 
pyrenodeous (pi-re-no'de-us), a. [< Gr. 7rvpi/v, 
the stone of a fruit, + tirfof, form, T -eous.] In 
lini.. same as pyrenoid. 
pyrenoid (pi-re'noid). n. and . [< Gr. irvpf/v, 
the stone of a fruit, + c'tSof, form.] I. a. Re- 
sembling in form the stone of a fruit ; globular ; 
nucleiform; of excrescent bodies, wart-like. 
II. n. A small colorless mass of proteid sub- 
stance of a crystalline form, usually appearing 
hexagonal in optical section. Huxley and Mar- 
tin, Elementary Biology, p. 398. 
Pyrenolichenes (pi-re"'no-li-ke'nez), n. pi. 
[NL., < I'yrrno^iiycctes) + Lichene*.] A divi- 
sion of lichens in which the fungus which en- 
ters into the composition of the lichen belongs 
to the Pyrenomycetfs. 
pyrenomycet (pi-re-no-mi'set), n. [< Pyre*o- 
mycetes.] In hot., a member of the Pyrenomy- 
i-i !i -. 
Pyrenomycetes (pi-re'no-mi-se'tez), n. pi. 
[NL., < Gr. iri>pi/v, the stone of a fruit, + ^i*. 
pi. fivarfc^, mushroom.] An order of aseomy- 
cetous fungi of parasitic or saprophytic habit, 
with the tissues usually hard and somewhat 
coriaceous. The ucl are long and club-shaped, initially 
containing eight spores, and are produced In deep flask- 
nhaped carltlea or perlthecla. This order Includes a large 
number at exceedingly Injurious fungi which attack and 
destroy planta and alto Insect*. The ergot. Clancept pur- 
puna. and the black-knot, Splutna norbota of rhi-rry- 
and plum-trees, are familiar eiamplea. The most deatrac- 
tire dlaeaw* of the grape are also due to members of this 
order, lachaa the black-rot. PhiHalatpora Bidirellii, and the 
powdery grape mildew. I'nfinuta ipiralii or Outturn Tuet- 
tri. See eroal<. for cut and description ; also Naet-lrnat, 
Splueria and Fatal, yntft-mOde, l-koma, Vnrinula, O,di- 
4874 
pyrenomycetous (pi-re'no-mi-se'tus), a. [< 
l'i/i; muni/*; t<* + -out.] In hot., belonging to. 
similar to, or characteristic of the PyrrniiHiy- 
cetcs. 
Certain pyrenomycetonu fungi. Encyc. Brit., XIV. 559. 
pyrenous (pi-re'nus), . [< pynm- 1 + -ous.] In 
Mt., containing pyrenes: used only in compo- 
sition with a numeral: as, 2-pyrenous, 5-pyre- 
tiiiiis. etc. 
pyrethrom (pir'e-thrum), n. [NL. (Gartner, 
17U1), < L. pyrethrum, < Gr. irvptHpov, a plant, 
Anacycluy Pyrethrum, so called from the hot 
spicy taste of the root, < xi'p, fire.] 1. A 
plant of the genus Pyrethrum; feverfew. 2. 
[cap.] A former genus of composite plants of 
the tribe Jnthemidete, now included as part 
of the section Pyrethra in the genus Chrysan- 
themum, from which it was distinguished by 
achenes nearly equally from five- to ten-ribbed 
and crowned with a pappus, characters now 
known to vary in the same species. The most 
common species 'is now called Chrysanthemum Partite- 
nium (for which see feverfew, l,pellitory, 2, and bertram). 
It- variety aureum is the golden-feather of the gardens, 
used for edging. 
3. 
der. See insect-poicdt 
phar., the Anacyclus Pyrethrum, or pellitory- 
of-Spain. 
pyretic (pi-ret'ik), a. and n. [Irreg. < Gr. nr- 
pcnTtK6f, feverish, < m'ptaaciv, be feverish,< m>pr- 
r<if, burning heat, fever, < iri i p, fire: eeefire.] I. 
a. Characterized by or affected with pyrexia or 
fever; feverish. 
Antipyrin, however, was continued night and morning 
in doses of gr. xv. throughout the pyretic period. 
Medical Xews, XLIX. X 
II. B. A remedy for fever, 
pyretogenesia (pir'e-to-je-ne'si-a), w. [NL.: 
see pyretiigenexix.'} Same &spyretogenesix. 
pyretbgenesis (pir'e-to-jen'e-sis), 71. [NL., < 
Gr. Tn'pcTuf, fever, + ; (vraif, origin : see /CTMM.] 
The genesis of pyrexia. 
pyretology (pif-e-tol'o-ji), n. [< Gr. 
fever, + -/oj/'o, < Xfjw, speak: see -ology.] 
The branch of medical science which treats of 
fevers. 
pyrexia (pi-rek'si-a), M. [NL., < Gr. xipc$ic, 
feverishness, < irvplomtv. be feverish, < irvpcruf, 
fever: see pyretic.] A higher bodily tempera- 
ture than is normal; fever. 
pyrexial (pi-rek'si-al), a. [< pyrexia + -al.] 
Of or pertaining to pyrexia. 
pyrexic (])i-rek'8ik), a. [Irreg. < pyrcxy + -ic.] 
Same &si>yrcxidl. 
pyrexical (pi-rek'si-kal), n. [< jtyrexic + -al.] 
Same as pyrexial. 
pyrexy (pir'ek-si), . [< NL. pyrexia, q. v.] 
Same as pyrexia. 
Pyrgita (per-ji'ta), H. [NL., < Gr. KvpyiriK, of 
a tower (cf. <rrpotwof irvpYtn/f, a house-sparrow), 
< irl'pyof, a tower.] Agenusof fringilline birds, 
the sparrows, now usually placed in the genus 
Passer: so called because the common house- 
sparrow often builds its nest in towers. 
pyrgoidal (per-goi'dal), a. [< "pyrgoid (< Gr. 
Trvpyotidiif, like a tower, < xvpyof, a tower, + 
c'tooc, form) + -al.] Tower-shaped; of the 
form of a prism having at one end a pyramid 
on the same base. pyrgoidal number, a number 
of the form 
8 (m 2) rs J (2m 7) r2 -I- J (*" 7) r. 
pyrheliometer (per-he-li-om'e-ter), 71. 
ir'p, fire, + ijfaos, sun, + 
instrument devised by 
M. Pouillet for mea- 
suring the intensity of 
the beat of the sun. it 
consists of a shallow cylindri- 
cal vessel of thin silver or 
copper, containing water or 
mercury in which a thor- 
mometeris plunged. The up- 
per surface of the vessel Is 
covered with lampblack, so 
as to make It absorb as much 
heat as posxlble, and the ves- 
sel Is attached to a support 
in such a way that the upper 
surface can always be made 
to receive the rays of the sun 
l ip' mlicularly. The actual 
Hinount of heat absorU-tl by 
the Instrument Is calculated 
by ordinary calorim. tri< nl 
means: the area of the ei- 
poaed blackened surface Is 
Known, and the amount of 
water or mercury which has 
been raised through a cer- 
tain number f Uieriiminrl 
', measure, 
[< Or. 
} An 
PvrhvUoaictef. 
a. t.lackcTic.1 disk eipoMd M 
' dbvctioa of which 
pyritohedral 
ric degrees Is known, and thus the absolute heating effect 
of the sun. acting upon a given area under the condition. 
of the experiment, can be readily found. Also pyruluii- 
ometer. 
The pyrheliotneter and actfnometer measure for us the 
outflow uf solar heat, and show us that the blaze is at least 
seven or eight times as intense as that of any furnace 
known to art. C. A. Young, The Sun, p. 18. 
pyrheliometric (per-he'li-<Vmet'rik), . [< 
pyrheliometer -r- -c.] Of or pertaining to, or 
recorded or indicated by, the pyrheliometer: 
as, pyrheliometric observations. 
pyridia, n. Plural of pyridium. 
pyridine (pir'i-din), n. [< Gr. iriip, fire, + -id 
+ -ic 2 .] A colorless liquid (C 6 H(jN) of pun- 
gent odor, derived from coal-tar, and useful 
in allaying asthmatic paroxysms. 
pyridilim (pJ-rid'i-um), n. ; pi. pyridia (-6). . 
[XL., < L. pyrtim, prop, pirum, a pear, + (3r. 
dim. -J<OK.] In hot., same as pome. 
pyriform (pir'i-f6rm), a. and ti. [Prop- piri- 
fornt; < L. pyrum. prop, pirum, a pear (see 
pear 1 ), + forma, form.] I. o. Pear-shaped; 
having the general shape of a pear; obconic; 
differing from egg-shaped or oviform in having 
a slight constriction running around it, or. in 
section, a reverse or concave curve between 
the convex curves of the two ends: as, a pyri- 
form vase. See cut of egg under plorer. 
II. n. In aiiat., the pynformis. 
pyriformis (pir-i-for'mis), .; pi. pyriformes 
(-mez). [NL., sc. musculus, muscle: see pyri- 
form.] A flat triangular muscle situated partly 
within and partly without the pelvis, it arises 
chiefly from the anterior surface of the sacrum, and, after 
passing through the sacrosciatic foramen. Is inserted into 
the upper fore part of the great trochanter of the femur. 
It is one of a group of six muscles collectively known as 
ntatoret femoru. The character of the muscle varies 
much in different animals. Also called pyramidalis femo- 
ru and iliacus externta. Fascia of the pyriformis. 
See fatcut. 
pyritaceous (pir-i-ta'shius), a. [< pyrites + 
-flffoiw.] Of or pertaining to pyrites. See 
pyritic. 
pyrite (pi'rit), . [Formerly also vi/rit; < L. 
pyrites, < Gr. my'rw. a Hint, millstone, pyr- 
ite, prop, adj., pertaining to fire (irvpiTtK tifof, a 
mineral which strikes fire), < Trip, fire : see pyre. 
Cf. pyrites.'] Native iron disulphid (Febg), a 
very common mineral, occurring in isometric 
crystals, cubes, octahedrons, pyritohedrons, 
etc., and also, and more often, massive. It has 
a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, 
and Is very hard. It is used in large quantities in the 
manufacture of sulphuric acid and of sulphur. It is com- 
monly called iron pyritet, which term, however, also In- 
cludes the related orthorhombic species marcasite, as well 
as the magnetic pyrites, or pyrrhotitie. Compare marea- 
ate, 1. 
Like thepyrit stone, that Is Her without and frost with- 
in. Greene, Nevertoo Late(Works, ed. Dyce, Int., p. ill.). 
Hence sable coal his massy couch extends, 
And stars of gold the sparkling pyrite blends. 
Dr. E. Damn, Botanic Garden, I. ii. 350. 
pyritegium (pir-i-te'ji-um), TI.; f}.pyritegia 
(If). [ML., < Gr. Trip, = E. Jire, -r L. tegere, 
cover. Cf. equiv. ML. ignitegium.'] The cur- 
few-bell: so called in medieval Latin. See 
curfev. 
pyrites (pi-n'tez), n. [NL., < L. pyrites, < Gr. 
TrvpinK, a flint, millstone, pyrite.] Either of 
the common sulphids of iron, pyrite and marca- 
site, but also the yellow sulphid of copper and 
iron, chalcopyrite: the former are called distinc- 
tively iron pyriten, while the latter is known an 
copper pyritex. The name is also extended to other re- 
lated sulphids and arsenides of iron, cobalt, nickel, etc. : 
as, pyrrhotlneornnHrBrtwpyri'fM, arsenopyrite or pramfco/ 
pyrites, liiuwlte or cobalt pyrite*, luillerite or cayillan py- 
ritet, etc. Cockscomb pyrites, spear pyrites, white 
Iron pyrites. See marcante, 2. Hepatic pyrites. See 
hepatic. 
pyritic (pi-rit'ik), a. [< NL. pyrites + -ic.~] 
Pertaining to pyrites; consisting of or resem- 
bling pyrites. 
pyritical (pi-rit'i-kal), a. [< pyritic + -/. ] 
Sunn 1 pyritir. 
pyritiferOUS (pir-i-tif'e-nis), n. [< XI.. pyriti-x 
+ L. ferre = E. bear 1 .] Containing or pro- 
ducing pyrites. 
pyritization (pir'i-ti-za'shon). w. [< pyritiic 
r -<ttit>n.~\ ' 'onvi-rsion intu jivrilcs. 
Prof. T. Rupert Jones commented on the rarity <if fos- 
sil Kailiolaria. Some few have twen found In Hie chalk. 
Thi-ir pyrilimtitm would tend to their readv destruction. 
Vuart. Jour. (Seal. Soc., XLV. 184. 
pyritize(pir'i-ti/.). r.t.: pret. and pp. pyriti:l. 
lpr. i>yritia<(. [< XL. jii/rites + -i?.] To 
convert into pyrites. 
pyritohedral (pi-ri-to-lic'driil). . [< iiyriti>- 
lii ilnn, + -ill. I Pertaining hi tin- pyritoluMlrnn. 
