ABBREVIATIONS 
USED IN THE ETYMOLOGIES AND DEFINITIONS. 
a., adj adjective. 
abbr abbreviation. 
abl. ablative. 
ace accusative. 
accom accommodated, accom- 
modation. 
act active. 
adv adverb. 
AF Anglo-French. 
agri agriculture. 
AL. Anglo-Latin. 
alg algebra. 
Amer American. 
anat anatomy. 
anc ancient. 
antiq antiquity. 
aor aorist. 
appar apparently. 
Ar Arabic. 
arch architecture. 
archseol archaeology. 
arith arithmetic. 
art. article. 
AS Anglo-Saxon. 
astrol astrology. 
aatron astronomy. 
attrib attributive. 
aug augmentative. 
Bav Bavarian. 
Beng Bengali. 
biol biology. 
Bohem Bohemian. 
hot botany. 
Braz. Brazilian. 
Bret Breton. 
bryol bryology. 
Bulg Bulgarian. 
carp carpentry. 
Cat Catalan. 
Cath Catholic. 
caus. causative. 
ceram ceramics. 
cf. L. confer, compare. 
ch church. 
Chal Chaldee. 
chem chemical, chemistry. 
Chin Chinese. 
chron chronology. 
colloq colloquial, colloquially. 
com commerce, commer- 
cial. 
comp composition, com- 
pound. 
compar. comparative. 
conch conchology. 
conj conjunction. 
contr contracted, contrac- 
tion. 
Corn Cornish. 
craniol craniology. 
craniom craniometry. 
crystal crystallography. 
D Dutch. 
Dan Danish. 
dat dative. 
def definite, definition. 
deriv derivative, derivation. 
dial dialect, dialectal. 
did different. 
dim diminutive. 
distrib distributive. 
dram dramatic. 
dynam dynamics. 
E East. 
E English (usmally mean- 
ing modern English). 
eccl., eccles ecclesiastical. 
econ economy. 
e. g L. exempli gratia, for 
example. 
Egypt Egyptian. 
E. Ind East Indian. 
elect electricity. 
embryol embryology. 
Eng English. 
engin engineering. 
entom entomology. 
Epis Episcopal. 
equiv equivalent. 
esp especially. 
Eth Ethiopic. 
ethnog ethnography. 
ethnol ethnology. 
etym etymology. 
Eur European. 
exclam exclamation. 
f., fern feminine. 
F French (usually mean- 
ing modern French). 
Flem Flemish. 
fort fortification. 
freq frequentative. 
Fries Friesic. 
fut future. 
G Qerman(u8uallymean' 
ing New High Ger- 
man). 
Gael. Gaelic. 
galv galvanism. 
gen genitive. 
geog geography. 
geol geology. 
geom geometry. 
Goth Gothic (Moesogothic). 
Gr Greek. 
gram grammar. 
gun gunnery. 
Heb Hebrew. 
her. heraldry. 
herpet herpetology. 
Hind Hindustani. 
hist history. 
horol horology. 
hort horticulture. 
Hung Hungarian. 
hydraul hydraulics. 
hydros hydrostatics. 
Icel Icelandic (usually 
meaning Old Ice- 
landic, otherwise call- 
ed Old Norse). 
ichth ichthyology. 
i. e L. id est, that is. 
impers impersonal. 
impf imperfect. 
impr imperative. 
improp improperly. 
Ind Indian. 
ind indicative. 
Indo-Eur Indo-European. 
indef. Indefinite. 
inf. infinitive. 
instr Instrumental. 
inter) interjection. 
intr., intrans intransitive. 
Ir Irish. 
irreg irregular, irregularly. 
It Italian. 
Jap Japanese. 
L. Latin (usually mean- 
ing classical Latin). 
Lett Lettish. 
LG Low German. 
lichenol lichenology. 
lit literal, literally. 
lit literature. 
Lith Lithuanian. 
lithog lithography. 
lithol lithology. 
LL Late Latin. 
m., masc masculine. 
M Middle. 
mach machinery. 
mammal mammalogy. 
manuf manufacturing. 
math mathematics. 
MD Middle Dutch. 
ME Middle English (other- 
wise called Old Eng- 
lish). 
mech mechanics, mechani- 
cal. 
med medicine. 
mensur mensuration. 
metal metallurgy. 
nietaph metaphysics. 
meteor meteorology. 
Me* Mexican. 
MGr Middle Greek, medie- 
val Greek. 
MHG Middle High German. 
mlllt military. 
mineral mineralogy. 
ML. Middle Latin, medie- 
val Latin. 
MLG Middle Low German. 
mod modern. 
mycol mycology. 
myth mythology. 
n noun. 
n., neut. neuter. 
N New. 
N North. 
N. Amer North America. 
nat natural. 
naut nautical. 
nav navigation. 
NGr New Greek, modern 
Greek. 
NHG New High German 
(usually simply G., 
German). 
NL. New Latin, modern 
Latin. 
nom nominative. 
Norm Norman. 
north northern. 
Norw Norwegian. 
numis numismatics. 
O Old. 
obs obsolete. 
obstet obstetrics. 
OBulg Old Bulgarian (other- 
wise called Church 
Slavonic, Old Slavic, 
Old Slavonic). 
OCat Old Catalan. 
OD Old Dutch. 
ODan Old Danish. 
odontog odontography. 
odontol odontology. 
OF. Old French. 
OFlem Old Flemish. 
OGael Old Gaelic. 
OHG Old High German. 
Olr Old Irish. 
Oil Old Italian. 
OL. Old Latin. 
OLG Old Low German. 
ONorth Old Northumbrian. 
OPruss Old Prussian. 
orig original, originally. 
ornith ornithology. 
OS Old Saxon. 
OSp Old Spanish. 
osteol osteology. 
OSw. Old Swedish. 
OTent Old Teutonic. 
p. a. participial adjective. 
paleon paleontology. 
part. participle. 
pass passive. 
pathol pathology. 
pert perfect. 
Pers Persian. 
pers person. 
persp perspective. 
Peruv Peruvian. 
petrog petrography. 
Pg Portuguese. 
phar pharmacy. 
Phen Phenician. 
philol philology. 
philos philosophy. 
phonog phonography. 
photog photography. 
phren phrenology. 
phys physical. 
physiol physiology. 
pl.,plur plural. 
poet poetical. 
polit political. 
Pol Polish. 
poss possessive. 
pp past participle. 
ppr present participle. 
Pr. Provencal (usually 
meaning Old Pro- 
vencal). 
pref prefix. 
prep preposition. 
pres present. 
pret preterit. 
priv privative. 
prob probably, probable. 
pron pronoun. 
pron pronounced, pronun- 
ciation. 
prop properly. 
pros prosody. 
Prot Protestant. 
proT provincial. 
psychol psychology. 
q. v L. quod (or pi. qua;} 
vide, which see. 
refl reflexive. 
reg regular, regularly. 
repr representing. 
rhet rhetoric. 
Rom Roman. 
Rom Romanic, Romance 
(languages). 
Russ Russian. 
S. South. 
S. Amer South American. 
so L. scilicet, understand, 
supply. 
Sc. Scotch. 
Scand Scandinavian. 
Scrip Scripture. 
sculp sculpture. 
Serv Servian. 
sing singular. 
Skt Sanskrit. 
Slav Slavic, Slavonic. 
Sp Spanish. 
subj subjunctive. 
superl superlative. 
surg surgery. 
surv surveying. 
Sw Swedish. 
syn synonymy. 
Syr Syriac. 
techno! technology. 
teleg. telegraphy. 
teratol teratology. 
term termination. 
Teut Teutonic. 
theat theatrical. 
theol. theology. 
therap therapeutics. 
toxlcol toxicology. 
tr., trans transitive. 
trigon trigonometry. 
Turk Turkish. 
typog typography. 
nil. ultimate, ultimately. 
v verb. 
var variant. 
ret veterinary. 
v. L intransitive verb. 
v. t. transitive verb. 
W. Welsh. 
Wall Walloon. 
Wallach Wallachlan. 
W. Ind West Indian. 
zoogeog zoogeography. 
zob'l zoology. 
zo6t zootomy. 
