quadruply 
quadruply (kwod'rp-pli), adv. In a quadruple 
or fourfold degree; to a fourfold extent or 
amount. 
If the person accused makes his innocence plainly to 
appeal 1 npon his trial, the accuser is Immediately put to 
. . . death ; and out of his goods or lands the innocent 
person is quadruply recompensed. 
Swift, Gulliver's Travels, i. 6. 
quaere (kvve're), n. [L., impv. of quaererc, 
seek, seek to learn, question; as a noun, in 
aceom. E. spelling, query: see query.'] Same 
as query. 
quaesitum (kwe-si'tum), n. ; pi. qusesita (-til). 
[L., neut. of qusesitus, pp. of queerere, seek, ask : 
see quest 1 .] Something sought or required. 
A thesis which an argument supposes to be In question 
is called quffsitum; and opposed to that is a thesis from 
which the argument proceeds a thesis necessarily con- 
nected with the argument, but not in question : such a the- 
sis is called a datum. Westminster Rev., CXXVIII. 747. 
quaesta (kwes'ta), n.; pi. qusestse (-te). [ML., 
fern, of L. qusexiius, pp. of qnserere, seek, obtain : 
see quest 1 ."] In the middle ages, one of a class 
of indulgences or remissions of penance which 
were granted by the Pope to those who con- 
tributed certain specified sums of money to 
the church. 
quaestor, quaestorship, n. See questor, questor- 
sliip. 
quaestus, . In law. See questus. 
quaff (kwaf), v. [Prob. a reduced form, with 
change of orig. guttural gli tof(ff) (as in dwarf, 
trough, pron. as if troff, etc.), of quaught, drink, 
quaff : see quaugli t. There may have been some 
confusion with the Sc. quaigh, quegli, quech, also 
queff, a cup, < Gael. Ir. cuach, a cup, bowl : see 
quaigh. "] I. trans. To drink; swallow in large 
draughts; drink of copiously or greedily. 
He calls for wine, . . . quaf'd off the muscadel, 
And threw the sops all in the sexton's face. 
Shalt., T. of the a, ill. 2. 174. 
She who, as they voyaged, quafd 
With Tristram that spiced magic draught. 
M. Arnold, Tristram and Iseult. 
II. intrant. To drink largely or luxuriously. 
Eate softly, and drinke manerly, 
Take heede you doe not qua/e. 
Balms Book(E. E. T. S.X p. 77. 
They qua/e and drinke. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 211. 
Near him rode Silenus on his ass, 
Pelted with flowers as he on did pass, 
Tipsily quaffing. 
Keats, Endymion, iv. (song). 
quaff (kwaf), n. [<quaff,r.] The act of quaff- 
ing ; also, the quantity of liquor drunk at once ; 
a draught. 
Now Alvida begins her quaff, 
And drinks a full carouse unto her king. 
Greene and Lodge, Looking Glass for Loud, and Eng. 
quaffer 1 (kwaf er), n. [< quaff + -erl.] One 
who quaffs or drinks much. 
quaffer 2 t, v. i. [Cf . quaff (t).] To drink greed- 
ily, or to dabble. [The sense is uncertain.] 
Ducks, geese, and divers others have such long broad 
bills to quaffer and hunt in waters and mud. 
Derham, Physico-Theology, iv. 11, note. 
quaffing-pot (kwaf 'ing -pot), re. A drinkiug- 
vessel nolding half a gill. 
quafftidet(kwaf'tid),. Drinking-time. [Rare.] 
Quqftyde aproacheth, 
And showts in nighttyme doo ringe in loftye 
Cithwron. Stanihurst, >Eneid, iv. 314. (Davies.) 
quag(kwag),i. [Abbr. of quagmire.'] A shak- 
ing, marshy soil; a quagmire. 
On the left hand there was a very dangerous quag, into 
which if even a good man falls, he can flnd no bottom 
for his foot to stand on. Into that Quag King David once 
did fall. Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, pt. i. 
With packhorse constancy we keep the road, 
Crooked or straight, through quags or thorny dells. 
Cowper, Tirocinium, 1. 253. 
=Syn. See marsh. 
quagga (kwag'a), . [Also quacka; appar. 8. 
African.] 1. An African solidungulate quad- 
ruped of the horse family, Equus or Hippotigris 
quagga, related to the ass and zebra, but not 
fully striped like the latter, not being banded 
on the hind quarters and legs. The ears are short, 
the head is comparatively small, the tail is tufted and the 
color is a dark brown on the head, neck, and shoulders, the 
back and hind quarters being of a lighter brown the croup 
of a russet.gray, and the under parts of the body white 
It will breed with the horse, and a mixed race of this kind 
existed in England some years ago. By the natives the 
flesh is esteemed palatable. 
2. Burchell's zebra, Equus or Hippotigris bur- 
ckelli, closely related to the above, but striped 
throughout like the zebra: more fully called 
bonte-qiingga. See cut under dame. 
quaggle (kwag'l), . [Dim. of quake.} A trem- 
ulous motion. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
4888 
quaggy (kwag'i), a. [< quag + -#l.] Yield- 
ing to the feet or trembling under the foot, as 
soft wet earth ; boggy; spongy. 
The watery strath or quaggy moss. 
Collins, Superstitions of the Highlands. 
The quaggy soil trembles to a sound like thunder of 
breakers on a coast. Harper's Mag., LXXVI. 733. 
quagmire (kwag'mir), n. [Appar. a var. of the 
earlier quakemire: see quakemire.'} Soft, wet, 
boggy land that trembles under the foot; a 
marsh ; a bog ; a feu. 
Whom the foul fiend hath led through fire and through 
flame, and through ford and whirlipool, o'er bog and quag- 
mire. Shak., Lear, iii. 4. 64. 
Faith, I have followed Cupid's Jack-a-lantern, and flnd 
myself In a quagmire at last. Sheridan, The Rivals, iii. 4. 
= Syn. Slough, Bog, etc. See marsh. 
quagmire (kwag'mir), v. t.; pret. and pp. 
quagmired, ppr. quagmiring. [< quagmire, .] 
To entangle or sink in or as in a quagmire. 
[Rare.] 
When a reader has been quag-mired in a dull heavy book, 
what a refreshing sight it Is to see finis ! 
Laconio (1701), p. 120. (Latham.) 
A man is never quagmired till he stops ; and the rider 
who looks back has never a firm seat. 
Landor, Imaginary Conversations, Wellington and Sir 
[Robert Inglis, p. 376. 
quagmiry (kwag'mir-i), a. [< quagmire + -y 1 .] 
Like a quagmire ; boggy ; marshy ; fenny ; quag- 
gy. [Rare.] 
They had twenty wigwams, hard by a most hideous 
swamp, so thick with bushes and so quagmiry as men 
could nardly crowd into It. 
Winthrop, Hist New England, I. 279. 
quahog. quahaug (kwa-hog', -hag'), n. [Also co- 
hog, cohaug, coltauk, quohog, quog, etc. ; < Amer. 
Ind. (Narragan- 
sett) poquau- 
hock."] The large 
edible round 
clam of the At- 
lantic coast of 
the United 
States, Venus 
mercenaria.rtmch 
>., mercurial. ^^ fo) . goupg 
and chowders. See clam 3 , and cut under dimy- 
arian Blood-quahog, the young or a small specimen 
of various species of Armder, or ark-shells ; a bloody clam 
or hair-clam. [Narragansett Bay.] 
quaich, . See qwiigh. 
quaidt, a. or pp. An artificial contracted form 
of quailed, past participle of quail 1 . Spenser. 
quaigh, quaich (kwach), n. [Also quegh, queigh, 
queen, quoich, queych, queff; < Gael. Ir. citach, a 
cup, bowl. Cf. quaff?] A shallow drinking- 
cup, made of small staves hooped together: 
it is usually of wood, but sometimes of silver. 
[Scotch.] 
She filled a small wooden quaigh from an earthen pitcher. 
Scott, Pirate, vi. 
Nor lacked they, while they sat at dine. 
The music, nor the tale, 
Nor goblets of the blood-red wine, 
Nor mantling quaighs of ale. 
Scott, Thomas the Rhymer, iii. 
The girded quoich they brimmed for him. 
Prof. Blackie, Lays of Highlands and Islands, p. 171. 
quail 1 (kwal), v. [Early mod. E. and dial, also 
queal; < ME. quelen (pret. qual), < AS. cwelan 
(pret. cicxl, pp. cwolen), die (also in cotnp. 
a-cwelan, die utterly), = OS. quelan, die, = MD. 
quelen = MLG. quelen, suffer pain, pine, = OHG. 
quelan, quelen, cheten, MHG. queln, die, G. qua- 
len, suffer pain ; cf. AS. cwalu, destruction, ME. 
quale, murrain (see quote 1 ), and AS. cwelian, 
cause to die, kill, quell : see quell, which is the 
causative form of quail, and cf. qualm, from 
the same source.] I. intrans. If. To begin to 
die; decline; fade; wither. 
For as the world wore on, and waxed old, 
So virtue quaifd, and vice began to grow. 
Tancred and (lixmunda, ii. 3. 
The quailing and withering of all things. 
Hakew&l, Apology, p. 71. 
2. To lose heart or courage; shrink before 
danger or difficulty ; flinch; cower; tremble. 
And with sharpe threat es her often did assayle ; 
So thinking for to make her stubborne corage quayle. 
Spenser, F. Q.. III. viii. 40. 
Plant courage in their quailing breasts. 
Shak., 3 Hen. VI., ii. 3. M. 
But Pelleas lifted up an eye so fierce 
She quail'd. Tennyson, Pelleas and Ettarre. 
3f. To slacken. 
And let not search and inquisition quail. 
Shak., As you Like it, ii. 2. 20. 
II. trans. To quell; subdue; overpower; in- 
timidate; terrify. 
quail 
Couetousnesse quaifleth gentlenesse. 
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 91. 
When somer toke in hand the winter to assail, 
With force of might, and vei tue great, his stormy blasts to 
quail. Surrey, Complaint of a Lover. 
The sword of the spirit Satham quailes, 
And to attaine the conquest never failes. 
Times' Whistle (E. E. T. S.), p. 145. 
Am not I here to take thy part? 
Then what has quail'd thy stubborn heart? 
S. Butler, Hudibras, I. iii. 204. 
Resist the thunder quails theel crouch rebuff 
Shall be thy recompense ! 
Wordsworth, Eccles. Sonnets, i. 39. 
quai! 2 t (kwal), v. i. [< ME. quaylen, qualen, < 
OF. coailler, F. cailler = Sp. cuajar = Pg. coa- 
Iliar = It. quagliare, cagliare, < L. coagularc, 
curdle, coagulate: see coagulate.'] To curdle; 
coagulate. Palsgrave. 
The cream is said to be quailed when the butter begins 
to appear in the process of churning. 
Batchelor, Orthoep. Anal., p. 140. (HalliuvU.) 
quail 3 (kwal), . [Early mod. E. also quayle, 
Sc. quailzie; < ME. quaille, quayle, qwayle,< OF. 
quaille, F. cattle = Pr. callia = OSp. eoalla = It. 
quaglia, < ML. quaquila, also quaqiiara, qua- 
quadra, quisquila (also, after OF., etc., qualia),<. 
MD. quakele, quaekel, D.ktcakkel (MD. also quar- 
tel, D. kwartel) = MLG. quackele, LG. quaekel, a 
quail; so called in reference to its cry, < MD. 
quacken, D. kwaken = MLG. quaken, quack: 
see quack 1 ."] 1. A small gallinaceous bird of 
the Old World, related to the partridge, and 
belonging to the genus Coturnix. The common 
Messina or migratory quail of Europe and Africa is C. com- 
munis or C. daetyliionans, highly esteemed for the table. 
Common Migratory or Messina Quail of Europe (Colurnix 
communis). 
Ihe bill is much smaller and weaker than in the partridge, 
and the nasal fossae are mostly feathered. The wings are 
pointed by the flrst, second, and third quills ; the first is 
emarginate on the Inner web ; the tail is very short, soft, 
and slight, not half as long as the wing. The feet are 
small, with the tarsus shorter than the middle toe and 
claw, and slightly feathered above. The length of the 
bird is about 7 inches. The plumage is much variegated, 
the most conspicuous markings being sharp lance-linear 
stripes, whitish or buff, over most of the upper parts. This 
quail has several times been imported into the United 
States, but has failed thus far to become naturalized. 
There are many other quails of the same genus In vari- 
ous parts of the Old World, but none are indigenous to the 
New. 
2. One of the various small gallinaceous birds 
more or less closely resembling the quail prop- 
er: loosely applied, with or without a qualify- 
ing term, especially in the United States, to 
all the species of Ortyx or Colinus, Lophortyx, 
Oreortyx, Callipepla, Cyrtonyx, and other gen- 
era of American Ortygime or Odontopliorinee. 
Bob-white, or Common Quail of America (Ortyx virginiana), 
Among such, the species of bob-whit*, as Ortyx virgini- 
ana, the common partridge or quail of sportsmen, are 
the nearest to the Old World species of Coturnix. In the 
United States, wherever the ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbel- 
lug, is called pheasant, the bob-white is called partridge : 
where that grouse is called partridge, the bob-white is 
known as quail. See also cuts under Callipepla, Cyrtonyx, 
Lophortyx, and Oreortyx. 
