racy 
The hospitable sage, in sign 
Of social welcome, mix'd the racy wine. 
Pope, Odyssey, iii. :.(i:i. 
2. Having a strong distinctive ami agreeable 
quality of any kind ; spirited ; pungent ; pi- 
quant ; spicy : a.s, a ritcij style ; a nicy anecdote. 
Brisk racy verses, in which we 
The soil from whence they came taste, smell, and see. 
Cowley, Ans. to Verses. 
His ballads are raciest when brimmed with the element 
that most attracts the author. 
E. C. Stedman, Poets of America, p. 282. 
Book English has gone round the world, but at home 
we still preserve the racy idioms of our fathers. 
Jt. L. Stevenson, The Foreigner at Home. 
3. Pertaining to race or kind; racially distinc- 
tive or peculiar; of native origin or quality. 
Yorkshire has such families here and there, . . . pecu- 
liar, racy, vigorous ; of good blood and strong brain. 
Charlotte Lronte, Shirley, ix. 
The eyes [of a Gordon setter) must be full of animation, 
of a rich color, between brown and gold; the neck must 
be clean and racy. The Century, XXXI. 118. 
= Syn. 1 and 2. Racy, Spicy. These words agree in ex- 
pressing a quality that is relished, physically or mentally. 
Literally, racy applies to the peculiar flavor which wines 
derive from the soil, and spict/ to the flavor given to food 
breezes, etc., by spice. Figuratively, that is racy which is 
agreeably fresh and distinctive in thought and expression ; 
that is sic which is areeab - 
likely to be found in raciness. 
rad 1 (rad), a. [< ME. rad, < Icel. lirieddr = Sw. 
rddd = Dan. raid, afraid.] Afraid ; frightened. 
[Old Eng. and Scotch.] 
We were so rad euerilkon, 
When that he put besyde the stone, 
We qwoke for ferd, and durst styr none, 
And sore we wereabast. 
York Plays, p. 416. 
She seyd, " Without consent of me, 
That an Outlaw suld come befor a King ; 
I am right rad of treasonrie." 
Sang of the Outlaw Murray (Child's Ballads, VI. 27). 
rad 2 t, a. A Middle English form of rath 1 . 
rad 3 t. A Middle English preterit of ride. 
rad 4 t. An obsolete preterit of read 1 . 
rad 5 (rad), . [Abbr. of radical.] A radical. 
[Low.] 
He 's got what will buy him bread and cheese when the 
Radi shut up the Church. Trollope, Dr. Thome, xxxv. 
raddet. An obsolete preterit of read 1 . 
raddle 1 (rad'l), . [Early mod. E. radcl, redle; 
also (in verb) ruddle; perhaps a transposed form 
of hurdle ; or formed from wreathe or writhe (ef . 
writhle, r.) and confused with hurdle, or with 
riddle* (ME. rcdel, etc.), a curtain.] 1. A hur- 
dle. [Prov. Eng.] 2. pi. Small wood or sticks 
split like laths to bind a wall for the plastering 
it over with loam or mortar. Ken nett . IHalli- 
well.) 
In old time the houses of the Britons were slightlie set 
vp with a few posts and many radels, with stable and all 
offices under one roofe. 
Harrison, Descrip. of Britain, ii. 12. (IJolinshed's Chron.) 
3. A piece of wood interwoven with others be- 
tween stakes to form a fence. [Prov. Eng.] 
4. A hedge formed by interweaving the shoots 
and branches of trees or shrubs. [Prov. Eng.] 
5. A wooden bar with a row of upright 
pegs, employed by domestic weavers in some 
places to keep the warp of a proper width, and 
to prevent it from becoming entangled when it 
is wound upon the beam. 6. In metal-icorkiiiij, 
a rabble. 
raddle 1 (rad'l), v. t. ; pret. and pp. raddled, ppr. 
raddling. [Formerly also redle, ruddle; < rad- 
dle 1 ^.] 1. To weave; interweave; wind to- 
gether; wattle. 
Raddling or working it up like basket work. 
Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, xxv. 
2f. To "baste"; beat. 
Robin Hood drew his sword so good, 
The peddler drew his brand, 
And he hath raddled him, bold Robin Hood, 
So that he scarce can stand. 
Ballad of Robin Uood. 
raddle 2 (rad'l), w. [Var. of reddle, ruddle 1 .] 1. 
Same as reddle. 2. A layer of red pigment. 
Some of us have more serious things to hide than a yel- 
low cheek behind a raddle of rouge. 
Thackeray, Roundabout Papers, A Medal of George the 
[Fourth. 
raddle 2 (rad'l), v. t.; pret. and pp. raddled, ppr. 
raddling. [< raddle^, .] 1 . To paint with or 
as if with raddle ; color coarsely, as with rouge. 
Can there be any more dreary object than those whiten- 
ed and raddled old women who shudder at the slips? 
Thackeray, Newcomes, xx. 
2. To get over (work) in a careless, slovenly 
manner. [Prov. Bug.] Imp. met. 
4931 
raddle-hedge (rad'1-hej), n. Same as raddle 1 , 4. 
raddlemant, . Same as reddleman. Fuller, 
Worthies, III. 38. 
raddock (rad'ok), n. A dialectal form of rud- 
dock. 
raddourt, . See redout: 
radeH (rad). A dialectal (Old English and 
Scotch) preterit of ride. 
rade- (rad), H. A dialectal (Scotch) or obsolete 
form of road. 
radeau (ra-do'), n. ; pi. radeaux (-doz'). [< F. 
radeau = Pr. radelh, < ML. "ratellua (also, after 
OF., radellus, rasellus), dim. of L. ratis, raft, 
vessel.] A raft. 
Three vessels under sail, and one at anchor, above Split 
Bock, and behind it the radeau Thunderer. 
Irving. (Webster.) 
Rademacher's plaster. See plaster. 
radevoret, '< [ME., prob. of OF. origin; per- 
haps orig. OF. *ras de Fore: ran (Sp. It. raso), 
a sort of smooth cloth (see rash*) ; de, of ; * Fore, 
perhaps the town of Lavaur in Lauguedoc. Of. 
F. ran de Chalons, ras de Gennes, similar cloth 
from the places named.] A sort of cloth or 
textile fabric usually explained as ' tapestry' or 
'striped stuff tapestry.' 
radiance 
(d) The fourth joint, counting from the base, of the pedi- 
palp of a spider. 
radiale (ra-di-S'le), .; pi. radialia (-li-a). 
[NL., neut. of ni/lidlin, radial: see radii!).] 
In zool. and ana/.: (a) The radipcarpal bone; 
that bone of the wrist which is situated on the 
radial side of the proximal row of carpals, in 
special relation with the radius. In man this 
bone is the scaphoid. Compare ulnare, and see 
cuts under hand and carpus, (b) One of the 
rays of the cup of a crinoid. See radial, n. (c), 
and cut under Crinoidea. (c) A cartilage radiat- 
ing from the base of the fins of elasmobranchi- 
ate fishes. See cut under pterygium. (d) Same 
as radial, n. (b). See liypercoracoid. 
radialis (ra-di-a'lis),TO.; pi. radiates- (-lez). [NL. 
radialis (sc. mttsculus, etc.), radial : see radial.] 
In anat., a radial muscle, artery, vein, or nerve : 
chiefly used adjectively as a part of certain 
Latin phrase-names of muscles: as, flexor car- 
pi radialis ; extensor carpi radialis longior or 
brevier. See flexor, extensor. 
radiality (ra-di-al'i-ti), n. [< radial + -ity.] 
The character or structure of a radiate organ- 
ism; formation of rays, or disposition of rayed 
parts; radial symmetry. Sometimes called ra- 
diateness and radiism. 
So thatshe werken'and embrowden kouthe, radialization (ra-di-al-i-za'shon), n. [< radi- 
And weven in stole the radevore, ali:e + -ation.] Arrangement in radiating 
As hyt of wymmen hath be woved yore. forms ; radiation. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 2352. 
radget (raj), . Same as radge. 
radial (ra'di-al), a. and n. [< F. radial = It. 
radiale, < NL. 'radialis, < L. radius, ray, radius: 
see radius, ray 1 .'} I. a. Of or pertaining to a 
ray or a radius (or radii) ; having the character 
or appearance of a ray or a radius ; grouped or 
appearing like radii or rays; shooting out as 
from a center ; being or moving in the direction 
of the radius. 
At a little distance from the center the wind is probably 
nearly radial. Science, III. 94. 
Specifically (a) In anat., of or pertaining in any way to 
the radius (see radius, 2): as, the radial artery, nerve, 
vein; radial articulations or movements; the radial side 
or aspect of the arm, wrist, or hand ; the radial group of 
muscles ; the radial pronator or supinator. (6) In zool., 
rayed, radiate, or radiating ; of or pertaining to the rays, 
arms, or radiating processes of an animal ; relating to the 
radially disposed or actinomeric parts of the Radiata and 
similar animals. See cut under medusiform. (c) Inichth., 
of or pertaining to the radialia. See radiale (c). 
The cartilaginous, or ossified, basal and radial supports 
of the flns. Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 38. 
(d) Intot.: (1) Belonging to a ray, as of an umbel or of a 
flower-head in the Composite. (>) Developing uniformly 
on all sides of the axis : opposed to btfacial or dorsiverttral 
Goc&rf. Radial ambulacral vessels. See ambulocrol. 
Radial artery, the smaller of the branches resulting 
from the bifurcation of the brachial artery at the elbow, 
extending in a straight line on the outer side of the front 
of the forearm to the wrist, where it turns around the radi- 
al side of the carpus and descends to the upper part of the 
flrst interosseous space, where it penetrates the palm of 
the hand to help form the deep palmar arch. Just above 
the wrist it lies subcutaneously on the ulnar side of the 
tendon of the long supinator, and is here commonly felt 
in ascertaining the pulse. Its chief branches, besides the 
muscular and cutaneous ones, are the radial recurrent and 
the anterior and posterior carpals. Radial axle-box 
See axle-box. Radial bundle, in bot., a flbrovascular 
bundle in which the phloem and xylem are arranged in 
alternating radii. Compare cloned, collateral, and concen- 
tric bundle, under bundle. 
The last form is the radial, where the bundle* of phloem 
and xylem are arranged alternately in the central flbro- vas- 
cular axis. Encyc. Brit., XII. 18. 
Radial cells, in entmn., same aspostcostal cellules (which 
see, under postcoxtal). Radial curve, in geotn., a curve 
most conveniently expressed by means of the radius vec- 
tor as one coordinate : spirals and the quadratrix of Dim w- 
tratus are radial curves. Radial drilling-machine See 
clrHlingwachine. Radial flbers of the retina. See sun- 
tentacular fibers, under sustentacular. Radial formula, 
the expression of the number of rays in the flns of a flsh by 
the initial letters of the names of the flns and the numbers 
of their rays: thus, the radial formula for the yellow perch 
is D, XIII. + 1. 14 ; A, II. + 7; P, 15 ; V, I. 5 where the 
Roman numerals are the spines and the Arabic the rays 
of the dorsal, anal, pectoral, and ventral flns respectively. 
-Radial nerve. See nerve.- Radial-piston water- 
wheel. See water- wheel. Radial plates, in crinoids. 
the set or system of plates which includes the joints of the 
stem, arms and pinnules, the centrodorsal plate, and the 
radial plate proper : distinguished from pcrismnatic plates. 
Radial recurrent artery, a branch of the rad ial artery, 
given off near its origin, that turns backward to join in the 
anastomosis about the elbow. Radial symmetry. See 
symmetry. Radial vein. See mannnal vein, under mar- 
ginal. 
II. >i. A radiating or radial part ; a ray. Spe- 
cifically, in anat. and zool. : (a) A radiale. (6) In iehth. the 
radius or hypercoracoid (a bone), (c) One of the Joints of 
the branches of a crinoid, between the brachials and the 
basals ; one of the joints of the second order, or of a divi- 
sion of the basals. See cut under Crinoidea. 
The two radials [of a crinoid] on either side of the larg- 
est basal . . . are broader than the other two. 
Quart. Jour. deal. Soc., XLV. 150. 
Thus the rocks exhibit much evidence of a siliciflcation 
(and often of a radialization possibly connected with it). 
Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLV. 267. 
radialize (ra'di-al-Iz), . t. ; pret. and pp. ra- 
dialized, ppr. radializing. [< radial + -ire.] To 
render radiate ; make ray-like. 
One fragment exhibits part of a large radialized struc- 
ture within a spherulitic matrix. 
Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLV. 249. 
radially (ra'di-al-i), adv. I. In a radial or ra- 
diating manner ; in the manner of radii or rays : 
as, lines diverging radially. 
As the growth [of the fungus] spreads outward radially, 
the inner hypho.-, having sucked all the organic matter 
out of the ground, perish. 
S. B. Herrick, Wonders of riant Life, p. 82. 
2. In entom., toward or over the radius (a vein 
of the wing): as, a color-band radially dilated. 
radian (ra'di-an), n. [< radius + -an.} The 
angle subtended at the center of a circle by an 
arc equal in length to the radius. Also called 
the unit angle in circular measure. It is equal 
to 57 17' 44".80625 nearly. 
radiance (ra'di-ans), n. [< F. radiance, < ML. 
radiantia, radiance, < L. radio (t-)s, radiant: 
see radiant.] 1. Brightness shooting in rays 
or beams ; hence, in general, brilliant or spark- 
ling luster; vivid brightness. 
The sacred radiance of the sun. Shak., Lear, i. 1. 111. 
The Son, . . . 
Girt with omnipotence, with radiance crown'd 
Of majesty divine. Milton, P. L ., vii. 194. 
Life, like a dome of many-coloured glass, 
Stains the white radiance of eternity. 
Shelley, Adonais, Hi. 
2. Radiation. 
Thus we have . . . (S) Theory of radiance. 
J. Clerk Maxwell, in Encyc. Brit., XIX. 2. 
= Syn. 1. Kadiance, Brilliance, Brilliancy, Efulgence, Reful- 
gence. Splendor, Luster. These words agree in representing 
the shooting out of rays or beams in an impressive way. 
Radiance is the most steady ; it is generally a light that is 
agreeable to the eyes ; hence the word is often chosen for 
corresponding figurative expressions : as, the radiance of 
his cheerfulness; the radiance of the gospel. Brilliance 
represents a light that is strong, often too strong to be 
agreeable, and marked by variation or play and penetra- 
tion: as. the brilliance of a diamond orof fireworks. Hence, 
figuratively, the brilliancy of the scene at a wedding: the 
radiance of humor, the brillianci/ of wit. Brilliance is more 
often literal, brilliancy figurative. Effulgence is a splendid 
light, seeming to fill to overflowing every place where it is 
a strong, flooding, but not necessarily intense or painful 
light : as, the effulgence of the noonday sun ; the effulgence 
of the attributes of God. Hence a courtier might by figure 
speak of the effulgence, of Queen Elizabeth's beauty. Kejul- 
lience is often the same as effulgence, but sometimes weaker. 
Splendor, which is more often used figuratively, is, when 
used literally, about the same as refulgence. Luster is the 
only one of these words which does not imply that the ob- 
ject gives forth light; luster may be used where the light 
is either emitted or reflected, but latterly more often re- 
flected : as, the luster of silk. Luster is generally, like 
brilliance, a varying light, but it may be simply two or 
three degrees weaker than splendor. For comparison with 
glisten, glitter, etc., see glare, t>. i. 
Twere all one 
That I should love a bright particular star 
And think to wed it, he is so above me. 
In his bright radiance and collateral light 
Must 1 be comforted. Shak., All's Well, i. 1. 99. 
There is an appearance of brilliancy in the pleasures of 
high life which naturally dazzles the young. Craig. 
Effulgence of my glory, Son beloved. 
Hilton, P. L., vi. (!80. 
