mlmll 
Or, a Chief Radi- 
ant, Sable. 
radiance 
Th. mull they fell, they fell like stars, 
.Streaming xplendrmr through the sky. 
Montgomery, Battle of Aleximdrhi. 
The smiling infant in his hand shall take 
The crestod basilisk and speckled snake, 
Pleased the green lustre of the scales survey. 
And with their forky tongues shall innocently play. 
Pope, Messiah, 1. 32. 
radiancy (ra'di-an-si), a. [As radiance (see 
-<'.V)-] Same as railiinici . 
radiant (ra'di-ant), a. and 11. [Early mod. E. 
raflititinl ; < OF. radiant, F. radiant = Sp. Pg. 
radiante = It. radiante, raggiante, < L. nuli- 
aii(t-)s, ppr. of radiare, radiate, shine: see ra- 
diate.] I. a. 1. Darting, shooting, or emit- 
ting rays of light or heat ; shining ; sparkling ; 
beaming with brightness, literally or figurative- 
ly: as, the radiant sun ; a radiant countenance. 
Mark, what radiant state she spreads. 
Milton, Arcades, 1. 14. 
A sudden star, it shot through liquid air, 
And drew behind a radiant trail of hair. 
Pope, R. of the L, v. 128. 
His features radiant as the soul within. 
O. W. Holmes, Vestigia Quinque Retrnnum. 
2. Giving out rays; proceeding in the form of 
rays; resembling rays; radiating; also, radi- 
ated; radiate: as, radiant heat. 
.1 01 uis . . . made him a ahadowynge place for his defence 
agaynst the radyaunt heet of the sonne in the syde of an 
hyll. Bp. Fisher, Seven Penitential Psalms, Ps. cxxx. 
The passage of radiant heat, as such, through any me- 
dium does not heat it at all. 
W. L. Carpenter, Energy in Nature (1st ed.), p. 46. 
When this [radiation of fibers] takes place in an open cav- 
ity, producing brush-like forms, they arc termed radiant. 
Encyc. Brit,, XVI. 370. 
3. In her. : (a) Edged with rays: said of an 
ordinary or other bearing such as is usually 
bounded with straight lines, the 
rays generally appearing like 
long indentations. See ray 1 , 8. 
(6) Giving off rays, which do 
not form a broken or indent- 
ed edge to the bearing, but 
stream from it, its outline be- 
ing usually perfect and the 
rays apparently streaming from 
behind it. 4. In hot., radiating; radiate. 
Radiant energy. See energy. Radiant heat See 
heat, 2. Radiant mattar, a phrase used by Crookes 
to describe a highly rarefied gas, or " ultra-gaseous mat- 
ter," which is found to produce certain peculiar me- 
chanical and luminous effects when a charge of high-po- 
tential electricity is passed through it. For example, in a 
vacuum-tube exhausted to one millionth of an atmosphere 
(a Crookes tube) the molecules of the gas present are pro- 
jected from the negative pole in streams, and if they are 
made to strike against a delicately poised wheel they set 
it in motion ; if on a piece of calcite, they make it phos- 
phorescent, etc. Radiant neuration, In entom., neura- 
tion characterized by a number of veins radiating outward 
from a small roundish areolet or cell in the disk of the 
wing, as in certain Diptera. Radiant point, in physics. 
the point from which rays of light or heat proceed. Also 
called radiating point Radiant veins or nervures, 
in entojn., veins or nervures radiating from a single small 
wing-cell. =Syn, 1. Beaming, resplendent. See radiance. 
II. n. 1. In optics, a luminous point or ob- 
ject from which light radiates to the eye, or to 
a mirror or lens; a point considered as the 
focus of a pencil of rays. 2. In astron., the 
point in the heavens from which the shooting- 
stars of a meteoric shower seem to proceed: 
thus, the radiant of the shower of November 
13th is near the star C Leonis, and these meteors 
are hence called the Leonides. Similarly the mete- 
ors of November 27th (which are connected with Biela's 
comet, and are often called the Bielidett) have their radiant 
not far from y Andromedse, and are also known aa the 
Androinedes or Andrometlids. 
radiantly (ra'di-ant-li), adv. 1. With radiant 
or beaming brightness; with glittering splen- 
dor. 2. By radiation; in the manner of rays; 
radiatingly. [Rare.] 
Healthy human actions should spring radiantly (like 
rays) from some single heart motive. 
Ritskin, Elements of Drawing, iii. 
Radiariat (ra-di-a'ri-ii), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. 
of radiariiits, radiate: see radiary.] 1. In La- 
marck's classification (1801-12), a class of ani- 
mals, divided into the orders Mollia, or aca- 
lephs, and Echinoderma (the latter including 
the Actinise). 2. In Owen's classification 
(1855), a subprovince of the province Radiata, 
containing the five classes Echinodcrmatii, 
Bryozoa, Anthozoa, Acalej>hse, and Hydrozoa. 
3. In H. Milne-Ed wards's classification (1855), 
the first subbranch of Zoophytes (contrasted 
with Sarcodaria), containing the three classes 
of echinoderms, acalephs, and corals or polyps. 
radiaryt (ra'di-a-ri), a. and . [= F. rarliaire, 
< NL. radiariiui, < L. radius, a ray, radius : see 
radius.] In zool., same as radiate. 
4932 
Radiata (ra-di-a'ta). . ;>/. [XL., neut. pi. of 
L. radiatUK, radiate: sec rndinti', ".] 1. In 
Cuvier's system of classification, the fourth 
grand branch of the animal kingdom, contain- 
ing "the radiated animals or zoSphytes." It 
was divided into five classes : (1) Echinodermata ; (2) En- 
tnziia, or intestinal worms; (3) Acalepha, or sea-nettles; 
(4) Polypi; (5) Infusoria: thus a mere waste-basket for 
animals not elsewhere located to Cuvier's satisfaction. 
It was accepted and advocated by L. Agassiz after its 
restriction to the echinoderms, acalephs, and polyps, in 
which sense it was very generally adopted for many years. 
But the group has now been abolished, and its compo- 
nents are widely distributed in other phyla and classes 
of the animal kingdom, as Protozoa, Ccelentera, Echinoder- 
mata, and \'ermes. 
The lower groups of which he [CuvierJ knew least, and 
which he threw into one great heterogeneous assemblage, 
the Radiata, have been altogether remodelled and re- 
arranged. . . . Whatever fonn the classification of the 
Animal Kingdom may eventually take, the Cuvierian Ha- 
diata Is, In my judgment, effectually abolished. 
Huxley, Classification (1869), p. 86. 
2. In later classifications, with various limita- 
tions and restrictions of sense 1. (o) The old 
Radiata without the Infunnrin. (b) Same as Echinnder- 
inata proper; Ambulacraria (which see) without the ge- 
nus Balanoglossus. Metschnikof. (c) In Owen's system 
(1S55X one of four provinces of the animal kingdom, di- 
vided into Radiaria, Entozoa (ccelelmlnths and sterel- 
minths), and Infusoria (the latter containing Rotifera 
and Polyyastria). 
radiate (ra'di-at), r. ; pret. and pp. radiated, 
ppr. radiating. [< L. radiatux, pp. of radiare, 
furnish with spokes, give out rays, radiate, 
shine (> It. radiare, rai/</iarf = Sp. Pg. radiar 
= F. radier, radiate, shine), < radius, a spoke, 
ray: see radian, ray*.] I. intrans. 1. To issue 
and proceed in rays or straight lines from a 
point; spread directly outward from a center 
or nucleus, as the spokes of a wheel, heat and 
light, etc. 
Light . . . radiates from luminous bodies directly to 
our eyes. Locke, Elem. of N ut. Phil., xi. 
But It [the wood] is traversed by plates of parenchyma, 
or cellular tissue of the same nature as the pith, which 
radiate from that to the bark. 
A. Gray, Structural Botany, p. 74. 
When the light diminishes, as in twilight, the circular 
fibers relax, the previously stretched radiatiny fibers con- 
tract by elasticity, and enlarge the pupil. 
Le Conte, Sight, p. 39. 
2. To emit rays; be radiant: as, a radiating 
body. 3. To spread in all directions from a 
central source or cause; proceed outward as 
from a focus to all accessible points. 
The moral law lies at the center of nature, and radiates 
to the circumference. Enterson. Nature, p. 51. 
Enjoyment radiates. It Is of no use to try and take 
care of all the world : that is being taken care of when 
you feel delight in art or in anything else. 
George Eliot, Middlemarch, ,\\i i 
II. trans. 1. To emit or send out in direct 
lines, as from a point or focus; hence, to cause 
to proceed or diverge in all directions, as from 
a source or cause; communicate by direct em- 
anation: as, the sun radiates heat and light. 
Donatello . . . seemed to radiate, jollity out of his whole 
nimble person. Hawthorne, Marble Faun, x. 
The Wonder . . . looked full enough of life to radiate 
vitality into a statue of ice. 
0. W. Holmes, A Mortal Antipathy, vi. 
Mountain tops gather clouds around them for the same 
reason : they cool themselves by radiating their heat, 
through the dry superincumbent air, into space. 
/.'. J. Mann, in Modern Meteorology, p. 23. 
2. To furnish with rays ; cause to have or to 
consist of rays ; make radial. 
Elsewhere, a brilliant radiated formation was conspic- 
uous, spreading, at four opposite points, into four vast 
luminous expansions, compared to feather-glumes, or 
aigrettes. A. M. Clerke, Astron. in 19th Cent, p. 88. 
Radiating keyboard or pedals, in ortian-building, a 
pedal keyboard in which the pedals are placed closer to- 
gether in front than behind, so as to enable the player to 
reach them with equal ease. Radiating point. Same 
as radiant point (which see, under radiant). Radiating 
power. Same as radiative power (which see, under radi 
ative). 
radiate (ra'di-at), a. and n. [< L. ratHatlU, 
having rays, radiating, pp. of radiare, radiate, 
furnish with spokes: see radiate, c.] I. . 1. 
Having a ray, rays, or ray-like parts; having 
lines or projec- 
tions proceeding 
from a common 
center or sur- 
face ; rayed : as, 
a radiate animal 
(amemberof the 
Radiata); eradi- 
ate mineral (one 
with rayed crys- 
tals or fibers) ; a 
radiate flower-head. Specifically (a) In zool.: (1) 
Characterized by or exhibiting radial symmetry, or radia- 
radiation 
tlon ; having the whole structure, or some parts of it, radi- 
ating from a common center; radiatory; rayed; actino- 
meric. (2) (if or pertaining to the Cuvierian Radinta: as, 
"the radiate mob." Huxley, (b) In bot., bearing ray-flow- 
ers : said chiefly of a head among the Composite, in which 
a disk of tubular florets is encircled by one or more rows of 
radially spreading ligulate florets, as in the daisy and sun- 
flower; or in which all the florets are ligulate, as in the 
dandelion and chicory. 
2. Constituting a ray or rays; proceeding or 
extending outward from a center or focus; ra- 
diating: as, the radiate fibers of some minerals 
and plants; the radiate petals of a flower or 
florets of a head. 
A school-house plant on every hill, 
Stretehing in radiate nerve-lines thence 
The quick wires of intelligence. 
V'hMier, Snow-Bound. 
3. In numismatic and similar descriptions, rep- 
Radiate Head of Galliemis. From an aureus in the British Mu- 
seum. (Twice the size of the original. )' 
resented with rays proceeding from it, as a head 
or bust: as, the head of the Emperor Caracalla, 
diate Structure. Wavellite. 
The sun-god Helios rising from the sea, showing radiate head. 
(Metope from New Ilium in the Troad.) 
radiate; the head of Helios (the sun-god), ra- 
diate. 
II. . 1. A ray-like projection; a ray. 
The tin salt crystallised out in transparent, shining nee- 
dles, arranged in clusters of radiates about nuclei. 
Amer. Chem. Jour., XI. 82. 
2. A member of the Radiata, in any sense. 
radiated (ra'di-a-ted), p. a. [< radiate + -rf 2 .] 
Same as radiate Radiated animals. See Radio- 
(a. Radiated falcon. See falcon. Radiated wing- 
cells, In entom., wing-cells formed principally by diverg- 
ing nervures, as in the earwig. 
radiately (ra'di-at-li), adv. In a radiate man- 
ner ; with radiation from a common center ; ra- 
dially Radiately veined or nerved, in bot., same as 
palmately veined or nerved. See nervation. 
radiateness (ra'di-at-nes), n. Same as radi- 
(ility. 
radiate-veined (ra'di-at-vand), a. In bot., 
palmately veined. See nervation. 
radiatiform (ra-di-a'ti-form), a. [< L. radiatus, 
radiate, + forma, form.] In bot., having the 
appearance of being radiate : said of heads, as 
in some species of Centaurea, having some of 
the marginal flowers enlarged, but not truly 
ligulate. 
radiatingly (ra'di-a-ting-ii), adv. Same as ra- 
d in f/'li/. 
radiation (ra-di-a'shon), n. [< F. radiation 
= Sp. radiation = Pg. radiafSii = It. radi- 
aziotie, < L. radiatio(n-), shining, radiation, < 
radiare, shine, radiate: see radiate.] 1. The 
act of radiating, or the state of being radiated ; 
specifically, emission and diffusion of rays of 
light and the so-called rays of heat. Physically 
speaking, radiation is the transformation of the molecu- 
lar energy of a hot body that is, any body above the ab- 
solute zero (273 C.) into the wave-motion of the sur- 
rounding ether, and the propagation of these ether waves 
through space. Hence, every body is the source of radia- 
tion, but the character of the radiation varies, depending 
