radicarian 
radicarian (rad-i-ka'ri-an), a. [< L. radis (m- 
dic-), root, + -arian.] Of or relating to roots. 
The strength of the radicarian theory is that It accords 
with all that we have learned as to the nature of language. 
Whitney, Araer. Jour. 1'hilol., NOT., 1880, p. 838. 
Radicata (rad-i-ka'ta), . pi. [NL., neut. pi. 
of L. radicatus, rooted: see radicate.'] A divi- 
sion of polyzoaus: same as Articulata (d): op- 
posed to Inenutata. 
radicate (rad'i-kat), v. ; pret. and pp. radi- 
cated, ppr. radicating. [< L. radicatus, pp. of 
radicari (> It. radicare = Sp. Pg. Pr. radicar), 
take or strike root, < radix (radic-), root : see 
radix.] I. intrans. To take root. 
For evergreens, especially such as are tender, prune them 
not after planting till they do radicate. Evelyn, Sylva. 
II. trans. To cause to take root ; root ; plant 
deeply and firmly. 
Often remembrance to them [noblemen] of their astate 
may happen to radycate in theyr hartes intolerable pride. 
Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, i. 4. 
This medical feature in the Essenes is not only found in 
the Christians, but is found radicated in the very consti- 
tution of that body. />, Quincey, Essenes, iii. 
radicate (rad'i-kat), a. [< L. radicatus, pp. of 
radicari, take root: see radicate, v.] 1. Inzool.: 
(a) Booted ; fixed at the bottom as if rooted ; 
growing from a fixed root or root-like part. (6) 
Specifically, in conch.: (1) Byssiferous; fixed 
byabyssus. (2) Adherent by the base to some 
other body, as a limpet to a rock, (c) Rooted 
and of a plant-like habit, as a polyzoan; not 
incrusting like a lichen ; belonging to the Radi- 
cata. 2. In hot., rooted. 
radicated (rad'i-ka-ted), p. a. [< radicate, v., 
+ -erf 2 .] Rooted, or having taken root : same 
as radicate : as, a radicated stem. 
If, therefore, you would not cheat yourselves, as multi- 
tudes in this age have done, about your love to the breth- 
ren, try not by the bare act, but by the radicated, preva- 
lent degree of your love. Baxter, Saints' Rest, liL 11. 
radicating (rad'i-kii-ting), p. a. In bot., same 
as radieant. 
radication (rad-i-ka'shon), . [< P. radication 
= Sp. radicacion = Pg.' radicacSo = It. radica- 
zlone, < ML. radicatio(n-), < L. radicari, pp. 
radicatus, take root: see radicate.] 1. The 
process of taking root, or the state of being 
rooted. 
Pride is a sin of so deep radication, and so powerful in 
the hearts of carnal men, that it will take advantage of 
any condition. Baxter, Life of Faith, ul. 15. 
2. In bot., the manner in which roots grow or 
are arranged. 3. In goal., fixation at the base, 
as if rooted; the state of being radicate or rad- 
icated. 
radicet, An obsolete form of radish. 
radical (rad'i-sel), u. [< F. radicelle = It. radi- 
cella, < NL. *radicella, little root, dim. of L. ra- 
dix (radic-), root.] 1. In bot., a minute root; 
a rootlet. Also radicle. A. Gray. 2. In zoiil., 
a rootlet or radicle. 
radices, n. Plural of radix. 
radicicolous (rad-i-sik'o-lus), a. [< L. radix 
(radic-), root, + colere, inhabit.] Living upon 
or infesting roots : specifically noting the root- 
form of the phylloxera or vine-pest : contrasted 
with gallicolous. See Phylloxera, 2. 
radiciflorous (ra-dis-i-flo'rus), . [< L. radix 
(radic-), root, 4 flos (flor-), flower, + -OHS.] 
Flowering (apparently) from the root. A. Gray. 
radiciform (ra-dis'i-form), a. [= F. It. radi- 
ciforme, < L. radix (radic-), root, + forma, form : 
see form.'] 1 . In bot., of the nature or appear- 
ance of a root. A. Gray. 2. In zoiil., root-like 
in aspect or function. 
radicle (rad'i-kl), . [= F. radicule = Sp. ra- 
dicula, < L. radicula, rootlet, small root, also 
radish, soapwort, dim. of radix (radic-), root: 
see radix. Cf. radicel.] 1. In bot.: (a) A root- 
let: same as radicel. (b) Specifically, same 
as cauliele: by late writers appropriately re- 
stricted to the rudimentary root at the lower 
extremity of the cauliele. 2. In anat. and 
zool., a little root or root-like part; a radix: 
as, the radicles of a vein (the minute vessels 
which unite to form a vein); the radicle of a 
nerve. 3. Inphilol., same as radical, 1. [Un- 
usual.] 
Radicles are elementary relational parts of words. They 
are generally single sounds oftenest a consonant sound. 
F. A.. March, Anglo Saxon Grammar (1869), p. 33. 
4. In chem., same as radical, 2. 
A radicle may consist of a single elementary atom, and 
; then forms a simple radicle; or it may consist of a 
group of atoms, in which case it constitutes a compound 
radicle. W. A. Miller, Eleni. of Chemistry, 1061. 
4934 
Adverse, centrifugal, centripetal radicle. See the 
adjectives. 
radicolous (ra-dik'o-lus), a. A contracted form 
of radicieolous. 
radicose (rad'i-kos), a. [= Sp. Pg. radicoso, < 
L. radicosus, full of roots, < radis (radic-), a 
root: see radix.] In bnt., hating a large root, 
radicula (ra-dik'u-lil), .; pi. niilii->i'l;r (-le). 
[L. : see radicle.] In entom., a radicle, 
radicular (ra-dik'u-lar), a. [< radicule + -tir s .] 
Characterized by the presence of a radicle or 
radicles. 
As the first leaves produced are the cotyledons, this 
stem is called the cotyledonary extremity of the embryo, 
while the other is the radicular. Balfour. 
Radicular odontome, an odontome formed on the neck 
or root of a tooth. 
radicule (rad'i-kul). n. [< F. radicule, < L. ra- 
dicula, little root: see radicle.] In hot., same 
as radicle, 1. 
radiculose (ra-dik'u-los), a. [< NL. *radiculo- 
gus, < L. radicula. rootlet : see radicle.] In bot., 
covered with radicles or rootlets. 
radii, n. Plural of radiux. 
radiism (ra'di-izm), n. [< L. radius, ray, + 
-ism.] In zool., same as radiation, 3. Forbes, 
Brit. Sea Urchins. 
radiocarpal (ra"di-6-kar'pal), . [< L. radius, 
radius, -r NL. carpus, the wrist: see carpal.] 
1. Pertaining to the radius and the carpus or 
wrist: as, the radiocarpal articulation ; radio- 
carpal ligaments. 2. Situated on the radial 
side of the wrist : as, the radiocarpal bone. See 
radiale Radiocarpal arteries, the anterior and pos- 
terior carpal arteries ; small branches given off from the 
radial at the wrist and passing to the front and back to 
help form the anterior and posterior carpal arches. Ra- 
diocarpal articulation, the wrist-joint proper; the 
jointing of the manus or third segment of the forelimb of 
any vertebrate with the second or preceding segment. In 
animals whose ulna is shorter than the radius this joint is 
formed wholly by the radius in articulation with some or 
all of the proximal row of carpal bones, constituting a 
radiocarpal articulation in literal strictness ; but the ulna 
often enters into this joint without altering its name. In 
man, whose pronation and supination are perfect, the 
ulna reaches the wrist, but is cut off from direct articula- 
tion with any carpal by a button of cartilage interposed 
between itself and the cuneiform, and the radius articu- 
lates with lioth the scaphoid and the semilunar, so that 
the human wrist-joint is properly radiocarpal. Radio- 
carpal ligament, the external lateral ligament of the 
radiocai-pal articulation. It extends from the summit of 
the styloid process of the radius to the outer side of the 
scaphoid. 
Radioflagellata (ra'di-o-flaj-e-la'ta), n. pi. 
[NL. : see radioflagellate.] An order of animal- 
cules emitting numerous ray-like pseudopodia, 
after the manner of the Radiolaria, and pro- 
vided at the same time with one or more flagel- 
late appendages, but having no distinct oral 
aperture. They are mostly marine. In Kent's 
system they consist of two families, Actinomo- 
nadidse and Euchitonidse. 
radioflagellate (ra'di-o-flaj ' e-lat), a. [< L. ra- 
dius, ray. + flagellum, a whip : see flagellate 1 .] 
Having radiating pseudopodia aud flagella; of 
or pertaining to the Radioflagellata. 
radiograph (ra'di-o-graf), . [< L. radius, ray, 
+ Gr. jyxi0c/v, write.] An instrument for mea- 
suring and recording the intensity of solar ra- 
diation. 
Wlnstanley has given his radiograph a form convenient 
for continuous self-records. 
Smithsonian Report, 1881, p. 249. 
radiohumeral (ra'di-o-hu'me-ral), a. [< L. 
radius, ray, + humerus, pTop.'umerus, a shoul- 
der: see humeral.] Relating to the radius and 
the humerus : as, the radiohumeral articulation 
or ligament. 
Radiola (ra-di'o-la), . [NL. (J. F. Gmelin, 
1791), so named in reference to the many 
branches; < L. radiolus, a little ray, also a 
plant resembling a fern, dim. of radius, a ray: 
see radius, ray*.] A genus of polypetalous 
plants of the order Linese, or flax family, and 
tribe Enlinese, distinguished from the nearly 
related genus LAnmn (flax) by its complete nu- 
merical symmetry in fours (instead of fives), 
having four toothed sepals, four twisted petals, 
four distinct stamens, a four-celled ovary, four 
styles, and an eight-celled, eight-seeded cap- 
sule. The only species, R. Millegrana, native of the 
temperate and subtropical parts of the Old World, is 
a little annual with forking stem, opposite leaves, aud 
minute white corymbose flowers. See allseed (d) and 
Jfaxseed, 2. 
Radiolaria (ra 'di-o-la'ri-a ), n. pi. [NL., neut. 
pi. of "radiularis, < L. radiolus, a little ray : see 
Radiola.] A class of filose non-corticate Pro- 
tozoa : a name applied by Haeckel (in 1862) to 
the protozoans called by Ehrenberg Po/i/ci/sMwa. 
The radiolarians are marine' gymnomyxine protozoans in 
which no contractile vacuoles are observed, having an amce- 
A Radiolarian {Heliosphura pectinate*}, 
160 times natural size. 
radiometer 
bifonn body of spherical or conical figure with radiant 
Hlose pscudopods, inclosing a similarly shaped perforated 
test of membranous texture called the central capsule. 
The intracapsnlar protoplasm is continuous through the 
perforations with that which is extracapsular, and has a 
large specialized 
nucleus or sev- 
eral such nuclei. 
There is usually 
a skeleton of sili- 
cious spicules or 
of the substance 
ca'led acanthin, 
and embedded in 
the protoplasm 
may be oil-glob- 
ules, pigment- 
granules, and 
crystals. Most 
radiolarians con- 
tain peculiar nu- 
cleated yellow 
corpuscles regard- 
ed as parasitic al- 
gals. Reproduc- 
tion both by fis- 
sion and by sporu- 
lation has been observed. The Itadiolaria have been di- 
vided into the nbdMMWMfMbMi and A canthometridea, 
according to the chemical composition of the skeleton, 
the former subclass into 1'eripyl/ea, Mnnopyltfa, and Tri- 
pylcea (or Phaodaria) ; into Mimocyttaria, with one cen- 
tral capsule, and J'olycyttaria, with several such ; and in 
various other ways. Ihe latest monographer arranges 
them under four subclasses or "legions": (1) Peripylea 
or Spumellaria, with 32 families; (2) Actipylea or Acan- 
tharia, with 12 families ; (3) Mannpylea or Kassellaria, 
with 26 families ; and (4) Cannopylea or Phxodaria, with 
15 families. The term Jtadiolaria appears to have been 
first used by Johannes Muller, in 18&, for the organisms 
known as Polycystina, Thalassicolla. and Acanthametra. 
The marine radiolarians all inhabit the superficial stra- 
tum of the sea, and fabricate their skeletons of the in- 
nuitesinmlly small proportion of silex which is dissolved 
in sea-water. When they die these skeletons sink to the 
bottom, forming geological strata. Extensive masses of 
Tertiary rock, such as that which is found at Oran in 
Algeria, and that which occurs at Bissex Hill in Barba- 
dos, are very largely made up of exquisitely preserved 
skeletons of Jtadiolaria, which are erroneously named 
"fossil Infusoria." But, though there can be liltle doubt 
that Jladiolaria abounded in the Cretaceous sea, none are 
found in the Chalk, their silicious skeletons having prob- 
ably been dissolved and redeposited as flint. Recent re- 
mains of radiolarians enter largely into the composition 
of the so-called radiolarian ooze. 
radiolarian (ra"di-6-la'ri-an), a. and H. [< Ra- 
diolaria + -an.] f. a. Of or pertaining to the 
Radiolaria; containing or consisting of ra- 
diolarians Radiolarian ooze, the ooze or sediment 
at the bottom of the sea, composed in part of the shells of 
radiolarians. See globigerina-mud. 
Their siliceous skeletons accumulate in some localities 
... to such an extent as to form a Radiolarian ooze. 
W. B. Carpenter, Micros., 507. 
II. H. Any member of the Radiolaria. 
radioli, . Plural of radiolux. 
radiolite (ra'di-o-lit), . [< NL. radiolites, < ra- 
diolus, dim. of L. radius, ray: see radius.] 1. A 
member of the genus Radiolites. 2. A variety 
of natrolite, occurring in radiated forms in the 
zircon-syenite of southern Norway. 
Radiolites (ra"di-o-li'tez), n. [NL.: see radi- 
olite.] A genus of Budista?, typical of the fam- 
ily Radiolitidie. The typical species have at maturity 
valves elevated in a coniform manner in opposite direc- 
tions, and sculptured with radiating grooves and ridges. 
Radiolitidae (ra"di-o-lit'i-de), n. pi [NL., < 
Radiolites + -idse.] 'A family of Rudistee, typi- 
fied by the genus Radiolites. The shell is very in- 
equivalve and fixed by one valve; the hinge has one car- 
dinal tooth and two fossa; in the fixed valve, and two 
cardinal teeth in the free; the external layer of the shell 
is thick and the internal thin ; the summit of the free 
valve is nearly central in the adult, but submarginal in 
the young. The family is characteristic of the Cretaceous 
period. 
radiolus (ra-di'o-lus), n. ; pi. radioli (-li). [NL., 
dim. of L. radius, a ray : see radius.] In ornith., 
one of the barbules, or rays of the second or- 
der, of the main shaft of a feather Radioli ac- 
cessorii, the barbules of the af tershaf t or hypoptilum of a 
feather. 
radiometer (ra-di-om'e-ter), n. [= F. radiome- 
tre = Sp. radi6metro, < L. radius, a ray, -f Gr. 
ftirpov, measure.] 1. An old instrument for 
Radiometer or Cross- staff. 
measuring angles; the cross-staff. Theendofthe 
staff was held to the eye, and the crosspiece was shifted 
until it just covered the angle to be measured, when the 
latter was read off on the longitudinal staff. 
